Joined Cases T-339/16, T-352/16 and T-391/16: Judgment of the General Court of 13 December 2018 — Ville de Paris, Ville de Bruxelles and Ayuntamiento de Madrid v Commission (Environment — Regulation (EU) 2016/646 — Pollutant emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 6) — Fixing, in respect of nitrogen oxide emissions, of not-to-exceed (NTE) values, during tests in real driving conditions (RDE) — Actions for annulment — Powers of a municipal authority concerning environmental protection to restrict the circulation of certain vehicles — Whether directly concerned — Admissibility — Lack of competence of the Commission — Compliance with higher legal norms — Temporal adjustment of the effects of an annulment — Non-contractual liability — Compensation for alleged harm to image and reputation)