IJИEH@?GИ? № 1 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) IЕJЕЧЕНЬ wg_j]hihlj_[eyxщbo mkljhckl\, gZ dhlhjы_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky ^_ckl\b_ l_ogbч_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ Е\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbч_kdh]h khxaZ «О lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbч_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxщbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ЕАЭK /20 ) Эg_j]hihlj_[eyxsb_ mkljhckl\Z NhjfZ ih^l\_j`^_gby khhl\_lkl\by 1. Oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 2 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl) ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 2. >\b]Zl_eb we_dljbq_kdb_ Zkbgojhggu_, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 3 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 3. L_e_\bahju, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 4 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 4. ;ulh\h_ b hnbkgh_ (dhglhjkdh_) we_dljbq_kdh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b j_Zdlb\Zpbb, mdZaZggh_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 5 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 5. ;ulh\u_ klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 6 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 6. ;ulh\u_ ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 7 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 7. L_e_\babhggu_ ijbklZ\db, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 8 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 8. EZfiu we_dljbq_kdb_, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 9 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm k_jlbnbdZpby 9. <g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 10 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 10. Pbjdmeypbhggu_ gZkhku, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 11 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by
2 Эg_j]hihlj_[eyxsb_ mkljhckl\Z NhjfZ ih^l\_j`^_gby khhl\_lkl\by 11. <_glbeylhju k we_dljhijb\h^hf, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 12 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 12. Exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ]ZahjZajy^gu_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu b k\_lbevgbdb ^ey lZdbo eZfi, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 13 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm k_jlbnbdZpby 13. EZfiu gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^gu_ eZfiu b k\yaZggh_ k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgb_, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 14 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm k_jlbnbdZpby 14. FZrbgu kmrbevgu_ [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 15 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 15. Iue_khku, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 16 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 16. Dhfivxl_ju b k_j\_ju [ulh\h]h gZagZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 17 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm k_jlbnbdZpby 17. GZkhku ^ey \h^u, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 18 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by 18. Dhg^bpbhg_ju \ha^moZ b dhfgZlgu_ \_glbeylhju, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 1 ijbeh`_gby № 19 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ^_deZjbjh\Zgb_ khhl\_lkl\by ___________________
IJBЛH@?GB? № 2 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИЯ d wg_j]_lbч_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju [ulh\h]h gZagZq_gby (oheh^bevgbdb, fhjhabevgbdb b bo dhf[bgZpbb), dhlhju_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky \ dhff_jq_kdbo p_eyo (gZ ijhba\h^kl\_, \ kn_j_ lhj]h\eb b mkem]), iblZxlky hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh) b bf_xl ihe_aguc h[t_f hoeZ`^_gghc b (beb) aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc b (beb) bghc ijh^mdpbb g_ [he__ 1500 e, aZ bkdexq_gb_f oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\: Z) dhlhju_ jZ[hlZxl hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\ b dhlhju_ fh`gh ih^dexqZlv d k_lb k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh) k ihfhsvx \g_rg_]h (g_ \kljh_ggh]h \ wlb ijb[hju) bklhqgbdZ we_dljbq_kdh]h iblZgby (ij_h[jZah\Zl_ey ihklhyggh]h (i_j_f_ggh]h) lhdZ); [) g_ lj_[mxsbo ^ey k\h_c jZ[hlu we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb; \) ba]hlh\e_gguo ih aZdZam b g_^hklmiguo gZ jugd_ bguf ihlj_[bl_eyf (ihevah\Zl_eyf), ihfbfh aZdZaqbdh\;
2 ]) ijbf_gy_fuo \ kn_j_ lhj]h\eb b mkem] b bf_xsbo we_dljhggh_ mkljhckl\h, j_Z]bjmxs__ gZ ba\e_q_gb_ hoeZ`^_gghc ibs_\hc b (beb) bghc ijh^mdpbb, k nmgdpb_c Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc i_j_^Zqb q_j_a k_l_\h_ kh_^bg_gb_ ihkj_^kl\hf kbkl_fu ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby bgnhjfZpbb ^ey \_^_gby mq_lZ; ^) nmgdpb_c dhlhjuo y\ey_lky g_ ojZg_gb_ hoeZ`^_gghc b (beb) aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc b (beb) bghc ijh^mdpbb, Z lhevdh hoeZ`^_gb_ gZibldh\ (^bki_gk_ju hoeZ`^_gguo gZibldh\) beb ihemq_gb_ b ojZg_gb_ ev^Z (e_^h^_eZl_evgu_ fZrbgu). ?keb \ hlghr_gbb oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «[ukljZy aZfhjhadZ» – j_\_jkb\gZy (hldexqZ_fZy) nmgdpby, ijb j_ZebaZpbb dhlhjhc ihevah\Zl_e_f \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpb_c ba]hlh\bl_ey ihgb`Z_lky l_fi_jZlmjZ fhjhabevgbdZ beb hl^_e_gby fhjhabevgbdZ ^ey h[_ki_q_gby [he__ [ukljh]h aZfhjZ`b\Zgby g_aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «\kljZb\Z_fuc oheh^bevguc ijb[hj» – klZpbhgZjguc oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey mklZgh\db \ f_[_ev, gbrm kl_gu beb bgh_ ki_pbZevgh ijbkihkh[e_ggh_ f_klh;
3 «dZf_jZ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb» – dZf_jZ, bf_xsZy h^gh beb g_kdhevdh hl^_e_gbc ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «dZf_jZ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby» – dZf_jZ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, \k_ hl^_e_gby dhlhjhc jZafhjZ`b\Zxlky Z\lhfZlbq_kdb k Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf m^Ze_gb_f lZehc \h^u b dhlhjZy hoeZ`^Z_lky kbkl_fhc [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby; «fhjhabevgbd» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, bf_xsbc h^gh beb g_kdhevdh hl^_e_gbc ^ey aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb hl l_fi_jZlmju hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u ^h l_fi_jZlmju fbgmk 18 °K b ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb \ mkeh\byo, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_`bfm «***»; «fhjhabevgbd [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby» – fhjhabevgbd, \k_ hl^_e_gby dhlhjh]h jZafhjZ`b\Zxlky Z\lhfZlbq_kdb k Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf m^Ze_gb_f lZehc \h^u b dZd fbgbfmf h^gh hl^_e_gb_ dhlhjh]h hoeZ`^Z_lky kbkl_fhc [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby; «fhjhabevgh_ hl^_e_gb_» («hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «****») – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey aZfhjZ`b\Zgby ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb ^h l_fi_jZlmju g_ \ur_ fbgmk 18 °K b ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb \ mkeh\byo, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_`bfm «***» (\gmljb hl^_e_gby ^himkdZxlky ahgu b (beb) hl^_e_gby k fZjdbjh\dhc «**»); «h[sbc h[t_f [jmllh» – h[t_f, h]jZgbq_gguc \gmlj_ggbfb i_j_]hjh^dZfb oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ beb hl^_e_gby k gZjm`ghc ^\_jvx, [_a \gmlj_ggbo dhfie_dlmxsbo ijbgZ^e_`ghkl_c ijb aZdjuluo ^\_jyo beb djurdZo ijb[hjZ; «hl^_e_gb_ ^ey hoeZ`^_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby kdhjhihjlys_cky ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb;
4 «hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ihemq_gby ev^Z» – gbadhl_fi_jZlmjgh_ hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ihemq_gby b ojZg_gby ev^Z; «hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb» – gbadhl_fi_jZlmjgh_ hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby g_aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, dhlhjh_ fh`_l [ulv jZa^_e_gh gZ g_kdhevdh k_dpbc; «hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «*» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, l_fi_jZlmjZ \ dhlhjhf g_ \ur_ fbgmk 6 °K; «hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «**» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, l_fi_jZlmjZ \ dhlhjhf g_ \ur_ fbgmk 12 °K; «hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «***» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, l_fi_jZlmjZ \ dhlhjhf g_ \ur_ fbgmk 18 °K; «hl^_e_gb_ k mf_j_gghc l_fi_jZlmjhc» – hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb beb gZibldh\ ijb [he__ \ukhdhc l_fi_jZlmj_, q_f \ hl^_e_gbb ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «ihe_agZy iehsZ^v ojZg_gby» – kmffZ iehsZ^_c ]hjbahglZevguo ih\_joghkl_c ^ey ojZg_gby ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb \ ij_^_eZo ihe_agh]h h[t_fZ, \dexqZy ihedb ^\_jb b gba dZ`^h]h hl^_e_gby; «ihe_aguc h[t_f» – jZaghklv f_`^m h[sbf h[t_fhf [jmllh dZ`^h]h hl^_e_gby b h[t_fhf we_f_glh\ b ijhkljZgkl\Z, g_ bkihevam_fuo ^ey ojZg_gby ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «ihedZ» – ]hjbahglZevgZy ih\_joghklv (j_r_ldZ, i_j_]hjh^dZ b l. ^.), gZ dhlhjhc fh`_l [ulv jZaf_s_gZ ibs_\Zy ijh^mdpby
5 b dhlhjZy khklhbl ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo aZdj_ie_gguo beb kt_fguo we_f_glh\, jZkiheh`_gguo jy^hf ^jm] k ^jm]hf; «ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb» – iZjZf_lj, oZjZdl_jbamxsbc \_ebqbgm wg_j]bb, ihlj_[ey_fhc oheh^bevguf ijb[hjhf \ l_q_gb_ 24 qZkh\; «k_dpby k fZjdbjh\dhc «**» – k_dpby fhjhabevgh]h hl^_e_gby beb dZf_ju k fZjdbjh\dhc «***», dhlhjZy g_ bf__l hl^_evghc ^\_jb beb djurdb b l_fi_jZlmjZ \ dhlhjhc g_ \ur_ fbgmk 12 °K; «kbkl_fZ [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby» – kbkl_fZ Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h imkdZ, ij_^mij_`^ZxsZy ihklhyggh_ h[jZah\Zgb_ bg_y, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy hoeZ`^_gb_ iml_f ijbgm^bl_evghc pbjdmeypbb \ha^moZ k Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf jZafhjZ`b\Zgb_f bkiZjbl_ey b m^Ze_gb_f lZehc \h^u; «oheh^bevgbd» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey ojZg_gby ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb, h^gh beb g_kdhevdh hl^_e_gbc dhlhjh]h ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey jZaf_s_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «oheh^bevgbd [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj k Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc jZafhjhadhc b m^Ze_gb_f lZehc \h^u ba \k_o hl^_e_gbc, bf_xsbc g_ f_g__ 2 hl^_e_gbc, dZd fbgbfmf h^gh ba dhlhjuo hoeZ`^Z_lky kbkl_fhc [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby b dZd fbgbfmf h^gh ba dhlhjuo ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb (^Z`_ ijb gZebqbb kbkl_fu [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby oheh^bevgbd, bf_xsbc h^gh hl^_e_gb_, g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l wlhfm hij_^_e_gbx); «oheh^bevgbd-fhjhabevgbd» – oheh^bevgbd, bf_xsbc g_ f_g__ 2 hl^_e_gbc, dZd fbgbfmf h^gh ba dhlhjuo ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb (hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb) b dZd fbgbfmf h^gh (fhjhabevgh_ hl^_e_gb_) – ^ey
6 aZfhjZ`b\Zgby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb b ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb \ mkeh\byo, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_`bfm «***»; «oheh^bevgbd-fhjhabevgbd [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby» – oheh^bevgbd, \ dhlhjhf dZd fbgbfmf 1 hl^_e_gb_ hoeZ`^Z_lky kbkl_fhc [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby k Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc jZafhjhadhc b m^Ze_gb_f lZehc \h^u ba g_]h; «oheh^bevgbd-hoeZ^bl_ev» – oheh^bevgbd, \ dhlhjhf bf__lky ohly [u 1 hl^_e_gb_ ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb b hl^_e_gb_ ^ey hoeZ`^_gby, gh hlkmlkl\mxl hl^_e_gby ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj» – l_iehbahebjh\ZggZy dZf_jZ aZ\h^kdh]h ba]hlh\e_gby k 1 beb g_kdhevdbfb hl^_e_gbyfb, hoeZ`^_gb_ dhlhjuo h[_ki_qb\Z_lky 1 beb g_kdhevdbfb oheh^bevgufb Z]j_]ZlZfb, _kl_kl\_gghc dhg\_dpb_c b (beb) kbkl_fhc [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj Z[khj[pbhggh]h lbiZ» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, oeZ^hh[jZah\Zgb_ \ dhlhjhf hkms_kl\ey_lky kihkh[hf Z[khj[pbb k bkihevah\Zgb_f \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ l_ieZ; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ», «rdZn ^ey \bgZ», «\bgguc ih]j_[» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, khklhysbc ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo hl^_e_gbc ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ b g_ bf_xsbc dZdbo-eb[h ^jm]bo hl^_e_gbc; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj dhfij_kkbhggh]h lbiZ» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, oeZ^hh[jZah\Zgb_ \ dhlhjhf hkms_kl\ey_lky dhfij_kkbhgguf oheh^bevguf Z]j_]Zlhf; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj lbiZ «eZjv» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, ^hklmi \ hl^_e_gb_ (hl^_e_gby) dhlhjh]h hkms_kl\ey_lky k\_jom; «oheh^bevguc ijb[hj lbiZ «rdZn» – oheh^bevguc ijb[hj, ^hklmi \ hl^_e_gb_ (hl^_e_gby) dhlhjh]h hkms_kl\ey_lky ki_j_^b;
7 «wd\b\Ze_glguc oheh^bevguc ijb[hj» – fh^_ev oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ k h^bgZdh\ufb h[sbf h[t_fhf [jmllh b ihe_aguf h[t_fZfb, bf_xsZy lZdb_ `_ l_ogbq_kdb_, ijhba\h^bl_evgu_ b wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb b lbiu hl^_e_gbc, dZd m ^jm]h]h oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ lh]h `_ ba]hlh\bl_ey, \uimkdZ_fh]h \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ih^ ^jm]bf lhj]h\uf h[hagZq_gb_f. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. < hlghr_gbb oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ ijh\h^ylky khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bkiulZgby b hij_^_eyxlky agZq_gby bg^_dkh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI). EEI oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: EEI = 100 SAEc AEc , ]^_: AEC – ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); SAEC – klZg^Zjlgh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb. AEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky \ d<l∙q/]h^ ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: AEC = E24h365, ]^_ E24h – kmlhqgh_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb \ d<l∙q (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\). SAEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky \ d<l∙q ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): SAEC = VeqM + N + CH,
8 ]^_: Veq – wd\b\Ze_glguc h[t_f [ulh\h]h oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ (\ ebljZo); CH – \_ebqbgZ, jZ\gZy 50 d<l∙q/]h^ ^ey oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\, bf_xsbo ihe_aguc h[t_f hl^_e_gby ^ey hoeZ`^_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb g_ f_g__ 15 e; M b N – ihijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu, agZq_gby dhlhjuo ^ey oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ jZaebqguo lbih\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 1 (g_aZ\bkbfh hl dhebq_kl\Z ^\_j_c beb \u^\b`guo ysbdh\).
9 LZ[ebpZ 1 Lbiu oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ HibkZgb_ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ GZebqb_ b khq_lZgb_ hl^_e_gbc (dZf_j) \ oheh^bevghf ijb[hj_ 1 Lbiu oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ M; N ghfbgZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby (LC ijb jZkq_l_ EEI) ( K) +14 b \ur_ +12 +12 +5 0 0 –6 –12 –18 –18 \b^u hl^_e_gbc <ukhdhl_f i_jZlmjgu_ ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ 2 \bgguc ih]j_[ 3 ^ey ojZg_gb_ k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^md pbb 4 >ey hoeZ`^_ gby 5 ihemq_ gb_ ev^Z 6 «» 7 «» 8 «» 9 «» 10 Хheh^bevgbd – – – + – – – – – – lbi 1 0,233; 245 Хheh^bevguc ijb[hj ^ey + – – – – – – lbi 2 1 «+» – bf__lky; «–» – hlkmlkl\m_l; «» – ih mkfhlj_gbx ba]hlh\bl_ey. 2 L_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby \ dZf_j_ beb hl^_e_gbb (LK) hl +5 K ^h +20 K. 3 LK hl +8 K ^h +14 K. 4 LK hl 0 K ^h +8 K, kj_^gyy LK +4 K. 5 LK hl –2 K ^h +3K. 6 LK hl 0 K b gb`_. 7 Hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «*». 8 Hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «**». 9 Hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «***». 10 Hl^_e_gb_ k fZjdbjh\dhc «****».
10 HibkZgb_ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ GZebqb_ b khq_lZgb_ hl^_e_gbc (dZf_j) \ oheh^bevghf ijb[hj_ 1 Lbiu oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ M; N ghfbgZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby (LC ijb jZkq_l_ EEI) ( K) +14 b \ur_ +12 +12 +5 0 0 –6 –12 –18 –18 \b^u hl^_e_gbc <ukhdhl_f i_jZlmjgu_ ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ 2 \bgguc ih]j_[ 3 ^ey ojZg_gb_ k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^md pbb 4 >ey hoeZ`^_ gby 5 ihemq_ gb_ ev^Z 6 «» 7 «» 8 «» 9 «» 10 ojZg_gby \bgZ (rdZn ^ey \bgZ, \bgguc ih]j_[) + – – – – – – – 0,233; 245 – + – – – – – – – – Хheh^bevgbd-hoeZ^bl_ev b oheh^bevgbd [_a hl^_e_gbc k fZjdbjh\dhc + + – – – – lbi 3 0,233; 245 + + – – – – Хheh^bevgbd k hl^_e_gbyfb k fZjdbjh\dhc «» + + – – – lbi 4 0,643; 191 Хheh^bevgbd k hl^_e_gbyfb c fZjdbjh\dhc «» + + – – lbi 5 0,450; 245 Хheh^bevgbd k hl^_e_gbyfb c fZjdbjh\dhc «» + + – lbi 6 0,777; 303 Хheh^bevgbd- fhjhabevgbd + + lbi 7 0,777; 303
11 HibkZgb_ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ GZebqb_ b khq_lZgb_ hl^_e_gbc (dZf_j) \ oheh^bevghf ijb[hj_ 1 Lbiu oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ M; N ghfbgZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby (LC ijb jZkq_l_ EEI) ( K) +14 b \ur_ +12 +12 +5 0 0 –6 –12 –18 –18 \b^u hl^_e_gbc <ukhdhl_f i_jZlmjgu_ ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ 2 \bgguc ih]j_[ 3 ^ey ojZg_gb_ k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^md pbb 4 >ey hoeZ`^_ gby 5 ihemq_ gb_ ev^Z 6 «» 7 «» 8 «» 9 «» 10 Хheh^bevguc ijb[hj lbiZ «rdZn» – – – – – – – + 11 + lbi 8 0,539; 315 Хheh^bevguc ijb[hj lbiZ «eZjv» – – – – – – – – + lbi 9 0,472; 286 Хheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju mgb\_jkZevgh]h b ijhq_]h ijbf_g_gby lbi 10 12 11 < lhf qbke_ rdZnu ^ey ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb k fZjdbjh\dhc «». 12 IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu M b N ^ey lbiZ 10 \u[bjZxlky ba agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo ^ey lbih\ 1–9, bkoh^y ba kZfhc gbadhc l_fi_jZlmju ojZg_gby (lbiu 7–9) beb gZebqby hl^_e_gbc k fZjdbjh\dhc fZdkbfZevguf dhebq_kl\hf «a\_a^hq_d» (lbiu 1–6), mklZgh\e_gghc ba]hlh\bl_e_f.
12 Veq jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih nhjfme_: BICCFFc T VV С nс с eq 20 )25( 1 С, ]^_: n – dhebq_kl\h hl^_e_gbc; VC – \gmlj_ggbc ihe_aguc h[t_f hl^_e_gby (dZf_ju) (\ ebljZo); TC – ghfbgZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ hl^_e_gby (dZf_ju) (\ °K); 20 )25( С T – l_jfh^bgZfbq_kdbc ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl ^ey hl^_e_gby (dZf_ju), jZ\guc hlghr_gbx jZaghklb f_`^m ghfbgZevghc l_fi_jZlmjhc dZf_ju LС b l_fi_jZlmjhc hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u ijb klZg^Zjlguo mkeh\byo bkiulZgby (25 °K), b jZaghklb lZdbo l_fi_jZlmj \ hl^_e_gbb ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 5 °K; FFc, CC b BI – ihijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu, agZq_gby dhlhjuo ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 AgZq_gby ihijZ\hqguo dhwnnbpb_glh\ ^ey jZaebqguo oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ b jZaebqguo hl^_e_gbc oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ IhijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl AgZq_gb_ Ijbf_g_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ FF ([_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby) 1,2 hl^_e_gby (dZf_ju) ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ [_a bg__h[jZah\Zgby 1 bgu_ oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju b hl^_e_gby (dZf_ju) oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ СС (debfZlbq_kdh_ bkiheg_gb_) 1,2 oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb \ ljhibq_kdhf debfZl_ ijb kj_^g_c l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u hl +16 K ^h +43 K (bkiheg_gb_ L) 1,1 oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb \ km[ljhibq_kdhf debfZl_ ijb kj_^g_c l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u hl +16 K ^h +38 K (bkiheg_gb_ ST)
13 IhijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl AgZq_gb_ Ijbf_g_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ 1 oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb \ mf_j_ggh oheh^ghf b mf_j_gghf debfZl_ kh kj_^g_c l_fi_jZlmjhc hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u hl +10 K ^h +32 K (bkiheg_gb_ SN) b hl +16 K ^h +32 K (bkiheg_gb_ N) khhl\_lkl\_ggh BI (\kljh_ggu_) 1,2 \kljZb\Z_fu_ oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju rbjbghc g_ [he__ 580 ff 1 bgu_ oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju 4. Хheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju (aZ bkdexq_gb_f rdZnh\ ^ey \bgZ, oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\, bf_xsbo ihe_aguc h[t_f f_g__ 10 e) ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gb_ bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI): Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z – f_g__ 55 b f_g__ 125 ^ey oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ dhfij_kkbhggh]h b Z[khj[pbhggh]h lbih\ khhl\_lkl\_ggh; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z – f_g__ 42 b f_g__ 110 ^ey oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ dhfij_kkbhggh]h b Z[khj[pbhggh]h lbih\ khhl\_lkl\_ggh. 5. Хheh^bevguc ijb[hj k nmgdpb_c [ukljh]h aZfhjZ`b\Zgby beb k ZgZeh]bqghc nmgdpb_c, j_Zebam_fhc ihkj_^kl\hf fh^bnbdZpbb gZkljh_d mijZ\e_gby \ fhjhabevgbdZo b fhjhabevguo hl^_e_gbyo, dhlhjmx ihevah\Zl_ev h^gZ`^u ijb\_e \ ^_ckl\b_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wdkiemZlZpbhggufb ^hdmf_glZfb, ^he`_g Z\lhfZlbq_kdb \ha\jZsZlvky d ij_`gbf ghjfZevguf l_fi_jZlmjguf mkeh\byf ojZg_gby g_ iha^g__ q_f q_j_a 72 qZkZ. MdZaZggh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ ijbf_gy_lky d oheh^bevgbdZf- fhjhabevgbdZf k h^gbf l_jfhklZlhf b h^gbf dhfij_kkhjhf, dhlhju_ hkgZs_gu we_dljhf_oZgbq_kdhc kbkl_fhc mijZ\e_gby. Хheh^bevgbdb-fhjhabevgbdb k h^gbf l_jfhklZlhf b h^gbf dhfij_kkhjhf, dhlhju_ hkgZs_gu we_dljhgghc iZg_evx mijZ\e_gby b kh]eZkgh wdkiemZlZpbhgguf ^hdmf_glZf fh]ml bkihevah\Zlvky ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u gb`_ +16 °K, ^he`gu bf_lv
14 ki_pbZevgmx gZkljhcdm i_j_dexqZl_ey gZ nmgdpbx «abfgbc j_`bf» beb ZgZeh]bqgmx nmgdpbx, dhlhjZy Z\lhfZlbq_kdb mklZgZ\eb\Z_l ijZ\bevgmx l_fi_jZlmjm ojZg_gby aZfhjh`_gghc ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k hdjm`Zxs_c l_fi_jZlmjhc. ;ulh\u_ oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju k ihe_aguf h[t_fhf f_g__ 10 e ^he`gu Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^blv \ jZ[hqbc j_`bf k ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx 0,00 <l g_ iha^g__ q_f q_j_a 1 qZk jZ[hlu \ imklhf khklhygbb. GZebqb_ \udexqZl_ey, hlkh_^bgyxs_]h ijb[hj hl k_lb iblZgby, y\ey_lky g_^hklZlhqguf mkeh\b_f ^ey \uiheg_gby ^Zggh]h lj_[h\Zgby. 6. BkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ ijh\h^ylky kh ke_^mxsbfb hkh[_gghklyfb: Z) _keb \ khklZ\_ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ bf_xlky Zglbdhg^_gkZpbhggu_ gZ]j_\Zl_eb, dhlhju_ dhg_qguc ihevah\Zl_ev fh`_l \dexqZlv b \udexqZlv, ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb hgb ^he`gu [ulv \dexq_gu b ijb gZebqbb j_]mebjh\db mklZgh\e_gu gZ fZdkbfZevguc gZ]j_\; [) _keb \ khklZ\_ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ bf_xlky ijb[hju, ^hklmi d dhlhjuf h[_ki_qb\Z_lky q_j_a ki_pbZevgmx ^\_jpm (gZijbf_j, Z\lhfZl ^ey ih^Zqb ev^Z beb hoeZ`^_gguo gZibldh\) b dhlhju_ dhg_qguc ihevah\Zl_ev fh`_l \dexqZlv b \udexqZlv, ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb hgb ^he`gu [ulv \dexq_gu, gh g_ ^he`gu nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv; \) ^ey mgb\_jkZevguo oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ b hl^_e_gbc (dZf_j) l_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby \h \j_fy bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^he`gZ khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ghfbgZevghc l_fi_jZlmj_ dZf_ju kZfh]h oheh^gh]h lbiZ, bf_xs_cky \ khklZ\_ ^Zggh]h oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ;
15 ]) ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb hij_^_ey_lky \ kZfhc oheh^ghc dhgnb]mjZpbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wdkiemZlZpbhggufb ^hdmf_glZfb ^ey ihklhyggh]h ghjfZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby; ^) ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) hij_^_eyxlky ke_^mxsb_ iZjZf_lju: ]Z[Zjblgu_ jZaf_ju (k lhqghklvx ^h ff); h[sbc h[t_f [jmllh (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ \ dm[. ^f beb e); ihe_aguc h[t_f (ihe_agu_ h[t_fu) b iheguc ihe_aguc h[t_f (ihegu_ ihe_agu_ h[t_fu) ^ey ojZg_gby (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ \ dm[. ^f beb e); lbi jZafhjZ`b\Zgby; l_fi_jZlmjZ ojZg_gby; ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb (d<l∙q/24 q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); ijhba\h^bl_evghklv aZfhjZ`b\Zgby (\ d] \ 24 qZkZ); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (<l) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); \eZ`ghklv hl^_e_gby ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ (%) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ). 7. IjbeZ]Z_fu_ d oheh^bevguf ijb[hjZf wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) agZq_gb_ EEI, hij_^_e_ggh_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k gZklhysbf jZa^_ehf;
16 [) bgnhjfZpby h dhf[bgZpbb k_dpbc, \u^\b`guo ysbdh\ b ihehd, h[_ki_qb\Zxs_c gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\gh_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb; \) bgnhjfZpby h kihkh[Zo h[_ki_q_gby fbgbfZevgh]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb; ]) ^ey oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ – k\_^_gby h _]h gZagZq_gbb bkdexqbl_evgh ^ey ojZg_gby \bgZ. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ \uimkdZ bo \ h[jZs_gb_ 8. Ihke_ \uimkdZ oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ijh\h^ylky bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) h^gh]h h[jZapZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ. H[jZa_p oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxsbf gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbdb oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ khhl\_lkl\mxl jZa^_em III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 3. LZ[ebpZ 3 >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Baf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfh_ hldehg_gb_* H[sbc h[t_f [jmllh agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 3 % beb gZ 1 e \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, dZdZy ba wlbo \_ebqbg [hevr_ Ihe_aguc h[t_f agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 3 % beb gZ 1 e \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, dZdZy ba wlbo \_ebqbg [hevr_ (_keb h[t_fu hl^_e_gby k mf_j_gghc l_fi_jZlmjhc b hl^_e_gby ^ey ojZg_gby k\_`_c ibs_\hc ijh^mdpbb ihevah\Zl_ev fh`_l baf_gylv ^jm] hlghkbl_evgh ^jm]Z, lh baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky \ dhgnb]mjZpbb, dh]^Z
17 Baf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfh_ hldehg_gb_* hl^_e_gb_ k mf_j_gghc l_fi_jZlmjhc hlj_]mebjh\Zgh ^h fbgbfZevgh]h h[t_fZ) AZfhjZ`b\ZxsZy kihkh[ghklv agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb (E24h) agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ E24h [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb [ulh\uo oheh^bevguo ijb[hjh\ k ihe_aguf h[t_fhf f_g__ 10 e agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ij_^_evgu_ agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ Z[aZp_ q_l\_jlhf imgdlZ 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc [he__ q_f gZ 0,10 <l kh kl_i_gvx ^hklh\_jghklb 95% Hlghkbl_evgZy \eZ`ghklv \ rdZnm ^ey \bgZ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 10% (*) Ih^ ghfbgZevguf agZq_gb_f ihgbfZ_lky agZq_gb_, aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f ?keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd h[jZapZ (wda_fieyjZ) oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl agZq_gbyf k mq_lhf ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 3, bkiulZgby ke_^m_l ijh\_klb \ hlghr_gbb 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ. Kj_^gb_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbdb 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ oheh^bevgh]h ijb[hjZ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv agZq_gbyf, mdZaZgguf \ lZ[ebp_ 3. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev b ^jm]b_ wd\b\Ze_glgu_ oheh^bevgu_ ijb[hju ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 3 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbч_kdhc эnn_dlb\ghklb ^\b]Zl_e_c эe_dljbч_kdbo Zkbgojhggыo I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa), \ lhf qbke_ \kljh_ggu_ \ ^jm]b_ ba^_eby, h^ghkdhjhklgu_ lj_onZagu_ ^\b]Zl_eb we_dljbq_kdb_ Zkbgojhggu_ (bg^mdpbhggu_) k dhjhldhaZfdgmluf jhlhjhf, dhebq_kl\hf ihexkh\ hl 2 ^h 6, ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 1000 <, ghfbgZevghc qZklhlhc 50 beb 50/60 =p b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx hl 0,75 ^h 375 d<l, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey jZ[hlu \ g_ij_ju\ghf j_`bf_ (^Ze__ – ^\b]Zl_eb), aZ bkdexq_gb_f ^\b]Zl_e_c: ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey jZ[hlu ijb iheghf ih]jm`_gbb \ `b^dhklv; iheghklvx \kljh_gguo \ ^jm]b_ ba^_eby (gZijbf_j, j_^mdlhju, gZkhku, \_glbeylhju beb dhfij_kkhju) lZdbf h[jZahf, qlh ihlj_[e_gb_ bfb wg_j]bb g_ fh`_l [ulv ijh\_j_gh hl^_evgh hl wlh]h ba^_eby; ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey jZ[hlu \ jZaebqguo lhjfhaguo j_`bfZo (gZijbf_j, ^\b]Zl_eb k nmgdpb_c j_dmi_jZlb\gh]h lhjfh`_gby); kijh_dlbjh\Zgguo bkdexqbl_evgh ^ey ijbf_g_gby: gZ \ukhl_, ij_\urZxs_c 4000 f gZ^ mjh\g_f fhjy; ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u \ur_ 60 ºK;
2 ijb fZdkbfZevghc jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmj_ \ur_ 400 ºK; ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u gb`_ fbgmk 30 ºK ^ey ex[h]h ^\b]Zl_ey beb gb`_ 0 ºK ^ey ^\b]Zl_ey k \h^yguf hoeZ`^_gb_f; ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hoeZ`^Zxs_c `b^dhklb gZ \oh^_ \ ^\b]Zl_ev gb`_ 0 ºK beb \ur_ 32 ºK; \ ihl_gpbZevgh \aju\hhiZkguo kj_^Zo. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb ^\b]Zl_e_c ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, ^\b]Zl_eb ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «^\b]Zl_ev k dhjhldhaZfdgmluf jhlhjhf» – ^\b]Zl_ev [_a ih^\b`guo dhglZdlh\, dhee_dlhjh\, dhglZdlguo dhe_p beb we_dljbq_kdbo dhglZdlh\, ijbkh_^bg_gguo d jhlhjm; «^himklbfh_ hldehg_gb_» – fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfh_ hldehg_gb_ agZq_gbc iZjZf_ljh\ ^\b]Zl_ey, ihemq_gguo \ j_amevlZl_ bkiulZgbc \ kjZ\g_gbb k agZq_gbyfb, mdZaZggufb gZ iZkihjlghc lZ[ebqd_ beb \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo; «ghfbgZevguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn)» – dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by, agZq_gb_ dhlhjh]h mklZgh\e_gh ba]hlh\bl_e_f b jZ\gh agZq_gbx ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) beb ij_\urZ_l _]h;
3 «ghjfbjh\Zgguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn)» – dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by, agZq_gb_ dhlhjh]h h[_ki_qb\Z_l khhl\_lkl\b_ ^\b]Zl_ey hij_^_e_gghfm deZkkm wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; «jZ[hlZ \ g_ij_ju\ghf j_`bf_» – kihkh[ghklv ^\b]Zl_ey kh \kljh_gghc kbkl_fhc hoeZ`^_gby jZ[hlZlv ijb ghfbgZevghc gZ]jmad_ [_a i_j_ju\Z, g_ ^hklb]Zy ghfbgZevghc fZdkbfZevghc l_fi_jZlmju; «kj_^gbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by» – dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by, bf_xsbc kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ^ey kh\hdmighklb ^\b]Zl_e_c h^bgZdh\hc dhgkljmdpbb b k h^bgZdh\ufb l_ogbq_kdbfb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb; «lhjfhaghc ^\b]Zl_ev» – ^\b]Zl_ev k we_dljhf_oZgbq_kdbf mkljhckl\hf lhjfh`_gby, g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh ([_a fmnlh\uo kh_^bg_gbc) \ha^_ckl\mxsbf gZ \Ze ^\b]Zl_ey; «qZklhlguc ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev ^ey j_]mebjh\Zgby kdhjhklb \jZs_gby» – ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb, dhlhjuc g_ij_ju\gh dhgljhebjm_l ih^Z\Z_fmx gZ ^\b]Zl_ev we_dljbq_kdmx wg_j]bx k p_evx ij_h[jZah\Zgby __ \ f_oZgbq_kdmx \ khhl\_lkl\bb k aZ^Z\Z_fhc kdhjhklghc oZjZdl_jbklbdhc djmlys_]h fhf_glZ gZ]jmadb iml_f baf_g_gby qZklhlu i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ iblZxs_c k_lb. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb ^\b]Zl_e_c b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z agZq_gb_ ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ agZq_gbc,
4 mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE1 \ lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 AgZq_gby ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE1 ijb iblZgbb ^\b]Zl_e_c hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ qZklhlhc 50 =p GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, d<l Dhebq_kl\h ihexkh\ 2 4 6 0,75 72,1 72,1 70,0 1,1 75,0 75,0 72,9 1,5 77,2 77,2 75,2 2,2 79,7 79,7 77,7 3 81,5 81,5 79,7 4 83,1 83,1 81,4 5,5 84,7 84,7 83,1 7,5 86,0 86,0 84,7 11 87,6 87,6 86,4 15 88,7 88,7 87,7 18,5 89,3 89,3 88,6 22 89,9 89,9 89,2 30 90,7 90,7 90,2 37 91,2 91,2 90,8 45 91,7 91,7 91,4 55 92,1 92,1 91,9 75 92,7 92,7 92,6 90 93,0 93,0 92,9 110 93,3 93,3 93,3 132 93,5 93,5 93,5 160 93,8 93,8 93,8 201 – 375 94,0 94,0 94,0
5 4. K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z agZq_gb_ ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE2 \ lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 AgZq_gby ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE2 ijb iblZgbb ^\b]Zl_e_c hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ qZklhlhc 50 =p GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, d<l Dhebq_kl\h ihexkh\ 2 4 6 0,75 77,4 79,6 75,9 1,1 79,6 81,4 78,1 1,5 81,3 82,8 79,8 2,2 83,2 84,3 81,8 3 84,6 85,5 83,3 4 85,8 86,6 84,6 5,5 87,0 87,7 86,0 7,5 88,1 88,7 87,2 11 89,4 89,8 88,7 15 90,3 90,6 89,7 18,5 90,9 91,2 90,4 22 91,3 91,6 90,9 30 92,0 92,3 91,7 37 92,5 92,7 92,2 45 92,9 93,1 92,7 55 93,2 93,5 93,1 75 93,8 94,0 93,7 90 94,1 94,2 94,0 110 94,3 94,5 94,3 132 94,6 94,7 94,6 160 94,8 94,9 94,8 201 – 375 95,0 95,1 95,0
6 5. K 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z agZq_gb_ ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) ^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c k ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx hl 7,5 ^h 375 d<l g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE3 \ lZ[ebp_ 3, beb ^he`gh khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv deZkkm wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb I?2 ^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c, h[hjm^h\Zgguo qZklhlgufb ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyfb ^ey j_]mebjh\Zgby kdhjhklb \jZs_gby. LZ[ebpZ 3 AgZq_gby ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE3 ijb iblZgbb ^\b]Zl_e_c hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ qZklhlhc 50 =p GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, d<l Dhebq_kl\h ihexkh\ 2 4 6 0,75 80,7 82,5 78,9 1,1 82,7 84,1 81,0 1,5 84,2 85,3 82,5 2,2 85,9 86,7 84,3 3 87,1 87,7 85,6 4 88,1 88,6 86,8 5,5 89,2 89,6 88,0 7,5 90,1 90,4 89,1 11 91,2 91,4 90,3 15 91,9 92,1 91,2 18,5 92,4 92,6 91,7 22 92,7 93,0 92,2 30 93,3 93,6 92,9 37 93,7 93,9 93,3 45 94,0 94,2 93,7 55 94,3 94,6 94,1 75 94,7 95,0 94,6
7 GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, d<l Dhebq_kl\h ihexkh\ 2 4 6 90 95,0 95,2 94,9 110 95,2 95,4 95,1 132 95,4 95,6 95,4 160 95,6 95,8 95,6 201 – 375 95,8 96,0 95,8 6. K 1 k_gly[jy 2026 ]h^Z agZq_gby ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) ^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c k ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx hl 0,75 ^h 375 d<l g_ ^he`gu [ulv f_gvr_ agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb IE3, beb ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv deZkkm wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb I?2 ^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c, h[hjm^h\Zgguo qZklhlgufb ij_h[jZah\Zl_eyfb ^ey j_]mebjh\Zgby kdhjhklb \jZs_gby. 7. AgZq_gb_ ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn) hij_^_ey_lky ijb ghfbgZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklb (PN), ghfbgZevghf gZijy`_gbb (UN) b ghfbgZevghc qZklhl_ (fN), mklZgh\e_gguo ba]hlh\bl_e_f. 8. IjbeZ]Z_fu_ d ^\b]Zl_eyf wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) ghfbgZevguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηN) ijb iheghc fhsghklb, 75 % b 50 % ghfbgZevghc gZ]jmadb b gZijy`_gby (UN); [) deZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (IE1, IE2 beb IE3); \) dhebq_kl\h ihexkh\;
8 ]) ghfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv beb ^bZiZahg agZq_gbc ghfbgZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklb (d<l); ^) ghfbgZevgZy qZklhlZ (=p); _) ghfbgZevgh_ gZijy`_gb_ beb ^bZiZahg agZq_gbc ghfbgZevgh]h gZijy`_gby ^\b]Zl_ey (<); `) ghfbgZevgZy kdhjhklv beb ^bZiZahg agZq_gbc ghfbgZevghc kdhjhklb \jZs_gby (h[./fbg.); a) bgnhjfZpby h[ mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb, ^ey ijbf_g_gby \ dhlhjuo ^\b]Zl_ev kijh_dlbjh\Zg: \ukhlZ gZ^ mjh\g_f fhjy; l_fi_jZlmjZ \g_rg_c kj_^u (\ lhf qbke_ ^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c k \h^yguf hoeZ`^_gb_f); l_fi_jZlmjZ hoeZ`^Zxs_c `b^dhklb gZ \oh^_ \ ^\b]Zl_ev; fZdkbfZevgZy jZ[hqZy l_fi_jZlmjZ ^\b]Zl_ey. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb ^\b]Zl_e_c ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ \uimkdZ bo \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ihke_ \uimkdZ ^\b]Zl_e_c \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ ijh\h^ylky bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) h^gh]h h[jZapZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb ^\b]Zl_ey. H[jZa_p ^\b]Zl_ey kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxsbf gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby ihl_jv (1-ηN) g_ ij_\urZxl agZq_gby ihl_jv (1-ηn), khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ mklZgh\e_gguf \ lZ[ebpZo 1 – 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc agZq_gbyf ghjfbjh\Zggh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηn), [he__ q_f gZ 15 % (^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c k ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx hl 0,75 ^h 150 d<l) b [he__ q_f gZ 10 % (^ey ^\b]Zl_e_c k ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx hl 150 ^h 375 d<l). ?keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl mdZaZgguf agZq_gbyf, bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\_klb \ hlghr_gbb
9 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ ^\b]Zl_ey ^Zgghc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev ^\b]Zl_ey kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby ihl_jv (1-ηN) ^ey 3 bkiulZgguo ^\b]Zl_e_c g_ ij_\urZxl agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev ^\b]Zl_ey ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 4 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИЯ d эgеj]еlbчеkdhc эффеdlb\ghklb lеeе\bahjh\ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) l_e_\bahju, iblZxsb_ky hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh) b ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb \ `beuo b hnbkguo ihf_s_gbyo. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb l_e_\bahjh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, l_e_\bahju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «^hfZrgbc j_`bf» – khklhygb_ l_e_\bahjZ, j_dhf_g^h\Zggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f ^ey ^hfZrg_]h ijbf_g_gby;
2 «f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby» – gZ[hj gZkljh_d l_e_\bahjZ, ij_^\Zjbl_evgh mklZgh\e_gguo ba]hlh\bl_e_f, ba dhlhjh]h ihevah\Zl_ev ihke_ \dexq_gby l_e_\bahjZ fh`_l \u[jZlv gZkljhcdm j_`bfZ bah[jZ`_gby; «ihegh_ HD-jZaj_r_gb_» – jZaj_r_gb_ wdjZgZ k h[sbf dhebq_kl\hf nbabq_kdbo ibdk_e_c g_ f_g__ 1920 × 1080; «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_ l_e_\bahjZ, ijb dhlhjhf hg ih^dexq_g d bklhqgbdm iblZgby, g_ gZoh^blky \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ beb j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b h[_ki_qb\Z_l \uiheg_gb_ lj_[h\Zgbc d we_dljhfZ]gblghc kh\f_klbfhklb (g_aZ\bkbfh hl gZebqby beb hlkmlkl\by nmgdpbb bg^bdZpbb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby); «jZ[hqbc j_`bf» – khklhygb_ l_e_\bahjZ, ijb dhlhjhf hg ih^dexq_g d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b \hkijhba\h^bl a\md b bah[jZ`_gb_; «j_`bf h`b^Zgby (`^msbc j_`bf)» – khklhygb_ l_e_\bahjZ, ijb dhlhjhf hg ih^dexq_g d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b g_h]jZgbq_ggh_ \j_fy hkms_kl\ey_l nmgdpbx j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) b (beb) nmgdpbx bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby; «l_e_\babhgguc fhgblhj» – l_e_\bahj kh \kljh_gguf wdjZghf, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey \hkijhba\_^_gby Zm^bh\bamZevguo kb]gZeh\, i_j_^Zxsboky hl h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo \g_rgbo mkljhckl\, kh_^bg_gguo q_j_a ijh\h^ghc (RCA, SCART, HDMI b ^j.) b (beb) [_kijh\h^ghc klZg^Zjlguc bgl_jn_ck (aZ bkdexq_gb_f g_klZg^Zjlguo \b^_hkb]gZeh\ DVI b SDI) i_j_^Zqb Zm^bh\bamZevguo kb]gZeh\, b g_ bf_xsbc \kljh_gguo kj_^kl\ ^ey ijb_fZ b \hkijhba\_^_gby kb]gZeh\ l_e_- b jZ^bh\_sZgby; «l_e_\babhgguc ijb_fgbd» – l_e_\bahj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey ijb_fZ b \hkijhba\_^_gby Zm^bh\bamZevguo kb]gZeh\, \uimkdZ_fuc
3 \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ \ \b^_ ZiiZjZlZ beb kbkl_fu b khklhysbc ba ^bkie_y b h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo lxg_jh\ (ijb_fgbdh\), Z lZd`_ ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb ^hihegbl_evguo mkljhckl\ k nmgdpbyfb aZibkb b \hkijhba\_^_gby (DVD-ie__j, gZdhibl_ev gZ `_kldhf fZ]gblghf ^bkd_, \b^_hfZ]gblhnhg b ^j.) \ \b^_ ZiiZjZlZ (_^bgh]h dhf[bgbjh\Zggh]h mkljhckl\Z) beb kbkl_fu, khklhys_c ba g_kdhevdbo ZiiZjZlh\; «l_e_\bahj» – l_e_\babhgguc ijb_fgbd beb l_e_\babhgguc fhgblhj; «nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb beb hlh[jZ`_gb_ khklhygby l_e_\bahjZ gZ _]h wdjZg_, \dexqZy bg^bdZpbx \j_f_gb; «nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ihkj_^kl\hf mkljhckl\ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby, lZcf_jh\ kihkh[ghklv i_j_oh^Z ba j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby \ jZ[hqbc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf ijhbkoh^bl Zdlb\Zpby \uiheg_gby ^hihegbl_evguo nmgdpbc. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb l_e_\bahjh\ b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. L_e_\bahj ^he`_g bf_lv mkljhckl\h (mkljhckl\Z) mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby ohly [u h^gh]h ba ke_^mxsbo \b^h\: Z) Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h, i_j_\h^ys__ ih^dexq_gguc d k_lb l_e_\bahj aZ \j_fy g_ [he__ 4 qZkh\, ke_^mxs__ aZ ihke_^gbfb ^_ckl\byfb ihevah\Zl_ey (gZijbf_j, i_j_dexq_gb_f dZgZeh\ b l. i.), \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby beb j_`bf \udexq_gby eb[h \ ex[hc ^jm]hc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf ^himklbfZy ihlj_[ey_fZy
4 fhsghklv g_ ij_\urZ_l agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby beb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby; [) Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h (ijb gZebqbb ohjhrh \b^bfh]h f_oZgbq_kdh]h \udexqZl_ey, i_j_\h^ys_]h l_e_\bahj \ j_`bf k ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 0,01 <l), dhlhjh_ jZkiheh`_gh gZ i_j_^g_c iZg_eb ih^dexq_ggh]h d k_lb l_e_\bahjZ beb \ ^jm]hf \bamZevgh gZ[ex^Z_fhf b e_]dh^hklmighf f_kl_ gZ l_e_\bahj_ b ihkj_^kl\hf dhlhjh]h l_e_\bahj i_j_dexqZ_lky \ h^bg ba j_`bfh\, mdZaZgguo \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. 4. I_j_^ i_j_dexq_gb_f l_e_\bahjZ ihkj_^kl\hf Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h mijZ\eyxs_]h mkljhckl\Z ba jZ[hq_]h j_`bfZ \ ^jm]hc j_`bf, gZ _]h wdjZg_ ^he`gh hlh[jZ`Zlvky ij_^mij_^bl_evgh_ khh[s_gb_ h[ wlhf. 5. Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ ijb yjdhklb _]h wdjZgZ g_ f_g__ 65 % hl fZdkbfZevgh \hafh`ghc g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ <b^ l_e_\bahjZ L_e_\bahju k iheguf HD-jZaj_r_gb_f >jm]b_ l_e_\bahju (\dexqZy dbg_kdhigu_) K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z L_e_\babhgguc ijb_fgbd 20 <l + А1,124,3224 <l/^f 2 20 <l + А4,3224 <l/^f 2 L_e_\babhgguc fhgblhj 15 <l + А1,124,3224 <l/^f 2 15 <l + А4,3224 <l/^f 2 K 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z L_e_\babhgguc ijb_fgbd 16 <l + А3,4579 <l/^f 2 L_e_\babhgguc fhgblhj 12 <l + А3,4579 <l/^f 2 Ijbf_qZgb_. А – iehsZ^v \b^bfhc h[eZklb bah[jZ`_gby gZ wdjZg_ (\ d\. ^f).
5 6. Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby Фmgdpbb, \uihegy_fu_ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (<l), g_ [he__ K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z Фmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 1,00 Фmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb b nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby 2,00 K 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z Фmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 0,50 Фmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb b nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby 1,00 7. Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 3. LZ[ebpZ 3 Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby Lbi mkljhckl\Z mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (<l), g_ [he__ K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h 1,00 K 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h 0,30 А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h ijb gZebqbb ohjhrh \b^bfh]h f_oZgbq_kdh]h \udexqZl_ey, i_j_\h^ys_]h l_e_\bahj \ j_`bf k ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 0,01 <l 0,50 8. L_e_\babhggu_ fhgblhju b hl^_evgh ihklZ\ey_fu_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ ZiiZjZlu l_e_\babhgguo ijb_fgbdh\ ^he`gu
6 khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf d ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb, mdZaZgguf \ imgdlZo 6 b 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. 9. Ijb gZqZevghc Zdlb\Zpbb l_e_\bahju, bf_xsb_ f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, ^he`gu h[_ki_qb\Zlv nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ \ ^hfZrg_f j_`bf_, dhlhjuc ^he`_g [ulv mklZgh\e_g ih mfheqZgbx. ?keb ihevah\Zl_ev \u[bjZ_l j_`bf, hlebqguc hl ^hfZrg_]h, ^he`gZ [ulv ij_^mkfhlj_gZ \hafh`ghklv ih^l\_j`^_gby j_`bfZ. 10. Иaf_j_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb l_e_\bahjh\ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ hkms_kl\ey_lky ijb kh[ex^_gbb ke_^mxsbo mkeh\bc: Z) ^ey l_e_\bahjh\, g_ bf_xsbo f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, j_]meylhju yjdhklb b dhgljZklghklb mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^imgdlhf «\» imgdlZ 12 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; [) ^ey l_e_\bahjh\, bf_xsbo f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky j_`bf baf_j_gby \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^imgdlhf «[») imgdlZ 12 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ; \) l_e_\babhgguc fhgblhj ^he`_g [ulv ih^kh_^bg_g d khhl\_lkl\mxs_fm lxg_jm, ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv dhlhjh]h g_ ^he`gZ mqblu\Zlvky ijb baf_j_gbb ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb l_e_\babhggh]h fhgblhjZ; ]) gZ \oh^ l_e_\babhggh]h ijb_fgbdZ ih^Z_lky iheguc l_e_\babhgguc kb]gZe, fh^mebjh\Zgguc \b^_hkb]gZehf «[_eh_ ihe_» b kb]gZehf a\mdh\hc qZklhlu 1000 =p k ^_\bZpb_c ±27 d=p. J_]meylhjhf ]jhfdhklb l_e_\babhggh]h ijb_fgbdZ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky gZ de_ffZo ]jhfdh]h\hjbl_e_c gZijy`_gb_, khhl\_lkl\mxs__ fhsghklb 50 f<l; ^) gZ Zm^bh\oh^ l_e_\babhggh]h fhgblhjZ ih^Z_lky kb]gZe a\mdh\hc qZklhlu 1000 =p gZijy`_gb_f 0,5 <. J_]meylhjhf ]jhfdhklb
7 l_e_\babhggh]h fhgblhjZ mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky gZ de_ffZo ]jhfdh]h\hjbl_e_c gZijy`_gb_, khhl\_lkl\mxs__ fhsghklb 50 f<l; _) ijb baf_j_gbb ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb j_]meylhj ]jhfdhklb l_e_\bahjZ ^he`_g gZoh^blvky \ mklZgh\e_gghf iheh`_gbb; `) baf_j_gby ^he`gu ijh\h^blvky: ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u 23 ± 5 °K; ijb ih^Zq_ gZ \oh^ l_e_\bahjZ ^bgZfbq_kdh]h l_e_\babhggh]h kb]gZeZ \_sZl_evgh]h l_e_\b^_gby; ijb iheh`_gbb j_]meylhjh\ yjdhklb, dhgljZklghklb, ]jhfdhklb l_e_\bahjZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^imgdlZfb «Z», «[», «]» – «_» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ; a) kj_^gyy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^he`gZ [ulv baf_j_gZ \ l_q_gb_ 10 fbgml: ihke_ lh]h, dZd l_e_\bahj gZoh^beky \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby g_ f_g__ 1 qZkZ, Z aZl_f g_ f_g__ 1 qZkZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_. Иaf_j_gby ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu ^h fhf_glZ gZoh`^_gby l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ g_ [he__ 3 qZkh\. <h \j_fy gZoh`^_gby l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ gZ wdjZg_ ^he`_g hlh[jZ`Zlvky ih^Z\Z_fuc l_e_\babhgguc kb]gZe. >ey l_e_\bahjh\, \j_fy klZ[bebaZpbb dhlhjuo f_g__ 1 qZkZ, ijh^he`bl_evghklv baf_j_gby ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb fh`_l [ulv khdjZs_gZ, _keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc g_ [m^ml hlebqZlvky hl agZq_gbc j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc, ihemq_gguo kh]eZkgh mdZaZgghc f_lh^bd_, [he__ q_f gZ 2 %; [_a Zdlb\Zpbb nmgdpbb Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc j_]mebjh\db yjdhklb (ijb __ gZebqbb). ?keb lZdZy nmgdpby ij_^mkfhlj_gZ b g_ fh`_l [ulv \udexq_gZ, baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky ijb \dexq_gghf \g_rg_f bklhqgbd_ k\_lZ, kha^Zxs_f g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh gZ ^Zlqbd_ \g_rg_c hk\_s_gghklb mjh\_gv hk\_s_gghklb g_ f_g__ 300 ed. Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc
8 fhsghklb g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo imgdlhf 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, k mq_lhf ^himklbfh]h hldehg_gby, mdZaZggh]h \ ih^imgdl_ «`» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. 11. Иaf_j_gby ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby ^he`gu hkms_kl\eylvky ijb kh[ex^_gbb ke_^mxsbo mkeh\bc: Z) baf_j_gby ijb fhsghklb hl 0,50 <l b [he__ ijh\h^ylky k g_hij_^_e_gghklvx 2 % beb f_g__ ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby 95 %; [) baf_j_gby ijb fhsghklb f_g__ 0,50 <l ijh\h^ylky k g_hij_^_e_gghklvx 0,01 <l beb f_g__ ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby 95 %; \) baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv agZq_gbyf, mdZaZgguf \ lZ[ebpZo 2 b 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, k mq_lhf ^himklbfh]h hldehg_gby, mdZaZggh]h \ ih^imgdl_ «a» imgdlZ 10 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. 12. Иaf_j_gb_ fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb ^he`gh hkms_kl\eylvky ijb kh[ex^_gbb ke_^mxsbo mkeh\bc: Z) ^ey hij_^_e_gby agZq_gby fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb \ j_`bf_ «Ihevah\Zl_ev» gZ \oh^ l_e_\bahjZ ih^Z_lky kb]gZe «[_eh_ ihe_». J_]meylhju dhgljZklghklb b yjdhklb l_e_\bahjZ mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky \ fZdkbfZevgh_ iheh`_gb_. Yjdhf_jhf baf_jy_lky yjdhklv \ p_glj_ wdjZgZ l_e_\bahjZ. Иaf_j_ggh_ lZdbf h[jZahf agZq_gb_ b [m^_l fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklvx l_e_\bahjZ; [) ^ey l_e_\bahjh\, bf_xsbo f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, ^he`_g [ulv \u[jZg j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf yjdhklv \ p_glj_ wdjZgZ l_e_\bahjZ [m^_l g_ f_g__ 65 % fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb. Эlhl j_`bf ^he`_g [ulv mklZgh\e_g ijb baf_j_gbb ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb;
9 \) ^ey l_e_\bahjh\, g_ bf_xsbo f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, j_]meylhjZfb yjdhklb b dhgljZklghklb mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky yjdhklv \ p_glj_ bo wdjZgh\ g_ f_g__ 65 % fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb. 13. IjbeZ]Z_fu_ d l_e_\bahjZf wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv b fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ ^hfZrg_f j_`bf_ (\ <l), agZq_gby dhlhjuo ij_^klZ\eyxlky k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ (^ey fhsghklb g_ [he__ 100 <l) beb ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ (^ey fhsghklb [he__ 100 <l); [) k\_^_gby h iZjZf_ljZo \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby: ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (\ <l), agZq_gb_ dhlhjhc ij_^klZ\ey_lky k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\; hibkZgb_ kihkh[Z \u[hjdb beb ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby j_`bfZ jZ[hlu l_e_\bahjZ; ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc ^ey ^hklb`_gby j_`bfZ, \ dhlhjhf l_e_\bahj Z\lhfZlbq_kdb f_gy_l jZ[hqbc j_`bf; \) k\_^_gby h kh^_j`Zgbb jlmlb (\ f]) b h gZebqbb k\bgpZ (\ kemqZ_ gZebqby wlbo hiZkguo \_s_kl\). 14. < dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 23 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^ey l_e_\bahjh\ ^hihegbl_evgh \dexqZ_lky bgnhjfZpby:
10 Z) h ke_^mxsbo dhgljhebjm_fuo ijb bkiulZgbyo (baf_j_gbyo) iZjZf_ljZo: l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u (\ °K); bkiulZl_evgh_ gZijy`_gb_ (\ <) b qZklhlZ (\ =p); dhwnnbpb_gl bkdZ`_gby kbgmkhb^Zevghklb djb\hc gZijy`_gby; mkeh\by ih^dexq_gby bklhqgbdh\ bkiulZl_evguo Zm^bh- b \b^_hkb]gZeh\; gZebqb_ bgnhjfZpbb (^hdmf_glZpbb) h[ bkihevam_fhf ijb bkiulZgbyo (baf_j_gbyo) h[hjm^h\Zgbb, k\_^_gby h ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) b h ko_f_ kh_^bg_gbc ijb ijh\_^_gbb baf_j_gbc; [) h ke_^mxsbo iZjZf_ljZo l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_: oZjZdl_jbklbdb ^bgZfbq_kdh]h l_e_\babhggh]h kb]gZeZ \_sZl_evgh]h l_e_\b^_gby; ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc ^ey h[_ki_q_gby klZ[bevgh]h khklhygby ih hlghr_gbx d ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb; ^ey l_e_\bahjh\, bf_xsbo f_gx k ij_^mklZgh\e_ggufb gZkljhcdZfb j_`bfh\ bah[jZ`_gby, – hlghr_gb_ yjdhklb wdjZgZ \ ^hfZrg_f j_`bf_ d _]h fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb (\ %); ^ey l_e_\babhgguo fhgblhjh\ – hibkZgb_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo oZjZdl_jbklbd lxg_jZ, bkihevam_fh]h ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc); \) h ke_^mxsbo iZjZf_ljZo l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby: bkihevam_fuc f_lh^ baf_j_gby; ijh^he`bl_evghklv jZ[hq_]h j_`bfZ ihke_ ihke_^g_]h ^_ckl\by ihevah\Zl_ey i_j_^ l_f, dZd l_e_\bahj Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^bl \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby, beb j_`bf \udexq_gby, beb ^jm]hc j_`bf,
11 \ dhlhjhf wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ g_ ij_\urZ_l agZq_gbc, mklZgh\e_gguo ^ey j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby b (beb) j_`bfZ \udexq_gby. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb l_e_\bahjh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ \uimkdZ bo \ h[jZs_gb_ 15. Ihke_ \uimkdZ l_e_\bahjh\ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ijh\h^ylky bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) h^gh]h h[jZapZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb l_e_\bahjZ. H[jZa_p l_e_\bahjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxsbf gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf ijb ihemq_gbb ke_^mxsbo j_amevlZlh\: ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ g_ ^he`gZ [he__ q_f gZ 7 % ij_\urZlv agZq_gb_, mdZaZggh_ \ lZ[ebp_ 1 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv l_e_\bahjZ \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b j_`bf_ \udexq_gby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv [he__ q_f gZ 0,10 <l agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebpZo 2 b 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc khhl\_lkl\_ggh; yjdhklv g_ ^he`gZ [ulv f_g__ 60 % fZdkbfZevghc yjdhklb l_e_\bahjZ. ?keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl mdZaZgguf agZq_gbyf, bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\_klb \ hlghr_gbb 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ l_e_\bahjZ. Fh^_ev l_e_\bahjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c lj_[h\Zgbyf gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ ^ey 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ wlhc fh^_eb l_e_\bahjZ khhl\_lkl\mxl gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev l_e_\bahjZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 5 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbq_kdhc эnn_dlb\ghklb [ыlh\h]h b hnbkgh]h эe_dljbq_kdh]h h[hjm^h\Zgbя \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgbя b j_Zdlb\Zpbb I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fh_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) ke_^mxs__ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ [ulm beb \ hnbk_ (\ lhf qbke_ \g_ ihf_s_gbc) g_ bf_xsbfb ki_pbZevghc ih^]hlh\db ihevah\Zl_eyfb, jZ[hlZxs__ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh) (^Ze__ – h[hjm^h\Zgb_): Z) klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu, fZrbgu kmrbevgu_ [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ b ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey h[jZ[hldb (klbjdb, ]eZ`db, kmrdb, qbkldb) [_evy, h^_`^u b h[m\b; [) ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu; \) we_dljbq_kdb_ ieblu, ^moh\u_ rdZnu b \Zjhqgu_ iZg_eb; ]) fbdjh\hegh\u_ i_qb; ^) lhkl_ju, njblxjgbpu, we_dljhgh`b, f_evgbpu, dhn_\Zjdb b ^jm]b_ ijb[hju ^ey ijb]hlh\e_gby b h[jZ[hldb ibsb; _) ijb[hju ^ey kljb`db \hehk, n_gu, [jbl\u, am[gu_ s_ldb, fZkkZ`gh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ b ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey moh^Z aZ l_ehf;
2 `) h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey hldju\Zgby b aZdju\Zgby khkm^h\ b miZdh\hd; a) \_ku; b) hdhg_qgh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ k\yab, iblZ_fh_ hl l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgghc k_lb k\yab; d) ijbgl_ju; e) kdZg_ju; f) fhgblhju; g) Zdlb\gu_ Zdmklbq_kdb_ kbkl_fu k iblZgb_f hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ; h) fmevlbf_^bcgu_ ijh_dlhju; i) jZ^bhijb_fgbdb; j) \b^_hfZ]gblhnhgu; k) \b^_hdZf_ju; l) ZiiZjZlmjZ a\mdhaZibku\ZxsZy; m) a\mdh\u_ mkbebl_eb; n) ^hfZrgb_ dbghl_Zlju; o) bgkljmf_glu we_dljhfmaudZevgu_; p) ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey aZibkb b \hkijhba\_^_gby bah[jZ`_gby b a\mdZ, \dexqZy h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey i_j_^Zqb bah[jZ`_gby b a\mdZ bgufb imlyfb, q_f ih l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgguf dZgZeZf, ihkj_^kl\hf kb]gZeh\ beb ^jm]bf kihkh[hf (aZ bkdexq_gb_f l_e_\bahjh\); q) b]jmrdb, h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^ey ijh\_^_gby ^hkm]Z b aZgylbc kihjlhf, \dexqZy we_dljbq_kdb_ fbgbZlxjgu_ `_e_agu_ ^hjh]b b Z\lh^jhfu, jmqgu_ dhgkheb ^ey \b^_hb]j, kihjlb\gh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ k we_dljbq_kdbfb b we_dljhggufb dhfihg_glZfb, ^jm]b_ b]jmrdb b lj_gZ`_ju.
3 ?keb \ hlghr_gbb mkljhckl\, mdZaZgguo \ ih^imgdlZo «Z» – «q» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ, ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, wlb mkljhckl\Z ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «\g_rgbc gbadh\hevlguc [ehd iblZgby» – \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby k gZijy`_gb_f gZ \uoh^_ f_g__ 6 < b kbehc lhdZ gZ \uoh^_ g_ f_g__ 550 fА; «jZ[hqbc j_`bf» – khklhygb_ h[hjm^h\Zgby, ijb dhlhjhf hgh ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b \ khhl\_lkl\bb k gZagZq_gb_f \uihegy_l dZd fbgbfmf 1 ba _]h ]eZ\guo nmgdpbc; «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_ h[hjm^h\Zgby, ijb dhlhjhf hgh ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby, g_ gZoh^blky \ jZ[hq_f j_`bf_ beb j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b fh`_l \uihegylv ebrv nmgdpbb h[_ki_q_gby \uiheg_gby lj_[h\Zgbc d we_dljhfZ]gblghc kh\f_klbfhklb b (beb) bg^bdZpbb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby; «j_`bf h`b^Zgby (`^msbc j_`bf)» – khklhygb_ h[hjm^h\Zgby, ijb dhlhjhf hgh ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b g_h]jZgbq_ggh_ \j_fy hkms_kl\ey_l nmgdpbx j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) (ijb mkeh\bb, qlh wlh g_ f_rZ_l ijbf_g_gbx ih gZagZq_gbx) b (beb) nmgdpbx bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby;
4 «nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb beb hlh[jZ`_gb_ gZ bg^bdZlhj_ khklhygby h[hjm^h\Zgby, \dexqZy bg^bdZpbx \j_f_gb; «nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ihkj_^kl\hf mkljhckl\ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby, \gmlj_ggbo ^Zlqbdh\ beb j_]meylhjh\ \u^_j`db \j_f_gb kihkh[ghklv i_j_oh^Z ba j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby \ jZ[hqbc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf ijhbkoh^bl Zdlb\Zpby \uiheg_gby ]eZ\guo b (beb) ^hihegbl_evguo nmgdpbc h[hjm^h\Zgby. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby, \udexq_gby b j_Zdlb\Zpbb b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. H[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^he`gh bf_lv mkljhckl\Z (mkljhckl\h) mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby ohly [u h^gh]h ba ke_^mxsbo \b^h\: Z) Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h, \ djZlqZcr__ \j_fy i_j_\h^ys__ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ih^dexq_ggh_ d k_lb, gh g_ \uihegyxs__ ]eZ\gu_ jZ[hqb_ nmgdpbb b g_ k\yaZggh_ k ^jm]bf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby beb j_`bf \udexq_gby, _keb ^ZggZy nmgdpby g_ ij_iylkl\m_l ijbf_g_gbx ih gZagZq_gbx; [) f_oZgbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h, jZkiheh`_ggh_ gZ i_j_^g_c iZg_eb ih^dexq_ggh]h d k_lb b mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ jZ[hq__ iheh`_gb_ h[hjm^h\Zgby beb \ ^jm]hf \bamZevgh gZ[ex^Z_fhf b e_]dh^hklmighf f_kl_ gZ wlhf h[hjm^h\Zgbb, \ jmqghf j_`bf_ i_j_dexqZxs__ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby beb j_`bf \udexq_gby.
5 4. H[hjm^h\Zgb_ ^he`gh bf_lv j_`bf \udexq_gby b (beb) j_`bf h`b^Zgby (aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\, dh]^Z wlh g_p_e_khh[jZagh k lhqdb aj_gby gZagZq_gby h[hjm^h\Zgby). Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby Lbi mkljhckl\Z mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby <uihegy_fu_ nmgdpbb Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (<l), g_ [he__ K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 1,00 nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby (g_aZ\bkbfh hl gZebqby beb hlkmlkl\by nmgdpbb j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 2,00 K 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 0,50 nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby (g_aZ\bkbfh hl gZebqby beb hlkmlkl\by nmgdpbb j_Zdlb\Zpbb) 1,00 F_oZgbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb 0,10 nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb 0,30 5. Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv agZq_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 2.
6 LZ[ebpZ 2 Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby Lbi mkljhckl\Z mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (<l), g_ [he__ K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h 1,00 K 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z F_oZgbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h 0,30 K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z А\lhfZlbq_kdh_ mijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h 0,50 6. Ijb agZq_gbb fhsghklb 1,00 <l b [he__ fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfZy hlghkbl_evgZy g_hij_^_e_gghklv baf_j_gby, h[mkeh\e_ggZy \ebygb_f ijb[hjZ ^ey baf_j_gby fhsghklb, g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 2 % fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby 95 %. Ijb agZq_gbb fhsghklb f_g__ 1,00 <l fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfZy hlghkbl_evgZy g_hij_^_e_gghklv baf_j_gby, h[mkeh\e_ggZy \ebygb_f ijb[hjZ ^ey baf_j_gby fhsghklb, g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 0,02 <l ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby95 %. 7. IjbeZ]Z_fu_ d h[hjm^h\Zgbx wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ KhxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo (\ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby): Z) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (\ <l) k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\;
7 [) hibkZgb_ kihkh[Z \u[hjZ beb ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby j_`bfZ jZ[hlu h[hjm^h\Zgby; \) ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc ^ey ^hklb`_gby j_`bfZ, \ dhlhjhf h[hjm^h\Zgb_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb f_gy_l j_`bf jZ[hlu; ]) k\_^_gby h jZ[hl_ h[hjm^h\Zgby. 8. < dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 23 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^ey h[hjm^h\Zgby ^hihegbl_evgh \dexqZ_lky bgnhjfZpby: Z) h ke_^mxsbo dhgljhebjm_fuo ijb bkiulZgbyo (baf_j_gbyo) iZjZf_ljZo: l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u (\ K); bkiulZl_evgh_ gZijy`_gb_ (\ <) b qZklhlZ (\ =p); kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ]Zjfhgbq_kdbo bkdZ`_gbc \ kbkl_f_ we_dljhiblZgby; gZebqb_ bgnhjfZpbb (^hdmf_glZpbb) h[ bkihevam_fhf ijb bkiulZgbyo (baf_j_gbyo) h[hjm^h\Zgbb, k\_^_gby h ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) b ko_f_ kh_^bg_gbc; [) h ke_^mxsbo iZjZf_ljZo h[hjm^h\Zgby \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby b (beb) \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby: bkihevam_fuc f_lh^ baf_j_gby; oZjZdl_jbklbdb ijb[hjh\, ijb ihfhsb dhlhjuo h[jZa_p ijh\_jy_lky gZ khhl\_lkl\b_ iheh`_gbyf imgdlh\ 4 b 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, b \j_fy, aZ dhlhjh_ h[jZa_p Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_dexqZ_lky \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby, j_`bf \udexq_gby beb ^jm]hc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf g_ ij_\urZ_lky ij_^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby.
8 IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb h[hjm^h\Zgby ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ \uimkdZ _]h \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ijh\h^ylky bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) h^gh]h h[jZapZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb h[hjm^h\Zgby gZ khhl\_lkl\b_ _]h iheh`_gbyf imgdlh\ 4 b 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. H[jZa_p h[hjm^h\Zgby kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxsbf gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby g_ ij_\urZxl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 % beb 0,10 <l ^ey dhgljhey ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb, \_ebqbgZ dhlhjhc khhl\_lkl\_ggh ij_\urZ_l beb g_ ij_\urZ_l 1,00 <l. ?keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl mdZaZgguf agZq_gbyf, bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\_klb \ hlghr_gbb 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ dZ`^hc fh^_eb h[hjm^h\Zgby. Fh^_ev h[hjm^h\Zgby kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ ^ey 3 h[jZaph\ wlhc fh^_eb khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev h[hjm^h\Zgby ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 6 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d wgеj]еlbqеkdhc wnnеdlb\ghklb [ulh\uo klbjZevguo fZrbg I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) [ulh\u_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb_ klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu (^Ze__ – klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu), dhlhju_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky b \ dhff_jq_kdbo p_eyo (gZ ijhba\h^kl\_, \ lhj]h\e_ b kn_j_ mkem]), iblZ_fu_ hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh), klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu, dhlhju_ gZjy^m k iblZgb_f hl k_lb fh]ml jZ[hlZlv hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c (Zddmfmeylhjh\), Z lZd`_ \kljZb\Z_fu_ klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu, aZ bkdexq_gb_f dhf[bgbjh\Zgguo klbjZevgh-kmrbevguo fZrbg. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb klbjZevguo fZrbg ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky.
2 II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Z\lhfZlbq_kdZy klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ» – klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ, \ dhlhjhc \k_ hi_jZpbb b mijZ\e_gb_ bfb ijb klbjd_ l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc iheghklvx \uihegyxlky fZrbghc, g_ lj_[my \f_rZl_evkl\Z ihevah\Zl_ey gZ dZdhf-eb[h wlZi_ ijh]jZffu ^h __ aZ\_jr_gby; «\j_fy \uiheg_gby ijh]jZffu» – \j_fy hl gZqZeZ aZimkdZ ijh]jZffu (djhf_ aZ^_j`db, aZ^Z\Z_fhc ihevah\Zl_e_f) ^h __ hdhgqZgby; «\kljZb\Z_fZy klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ» – klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey mklZgh\db \ ih^]hlh\e_ggh_ m]em[e_gb_ \ kl_g_ beb ^jm]h_ ih^h[gh_ f_klh, \ rdZn beb ^jm]mx f_[_ev; «dhf[bgbjh\ZggZy klbjZevgh-kmrbevgZy fZrbgZ» – klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ, dhlhjZy \dexqZ_l \ k_[y nmgdpbb hl`bfZ b kmrdb l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc ihkj_^kl\hf l_jfhh[jZ[hldb b \jZs_gby [ZjZ[ZgZ; «ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv» – fZdkbfZevgZy mklZgh\e_ggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f fZkkZ kmobo l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc \ dbeh]jZffZo, dhlhjZy fh`_l [ulv h[jZ[hlZgZ aZ h^gm hi_jZpbx beb pbde hi_jZpbc; «ijh]jZffZ» – k_jby hi_jZpbc, dhlhju_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh hij_^_e_gu \ klbjZevghc fZrbg_ b ijbf_gyxlky ^ey klbjdb hij_^_e_gguo lbih\ l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc; «j_`bf «\udexq_gh» – khklhygb_, dh]^Z klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ \udexqZ_lky ihevah\Zl_e_f ijb ihfhsb kj_^kl\ mijZ\e_gby gZ ijb[hjghc iZg_eb beb \udexqZl_ey ^ey ^hklb`_gby j_`bfZ kZfh]h gbadh]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb, dhlhjuc fh`_l khojZgylvky \ l_q_gb_
3 g_h]jZgbq_ggh]h \j_f_gb ijb ih^dexq_gbb d hkgh\ghfm bklhqgbdm iblZgby b bkihevam_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpb_c ih wdkiemZlZpbb. Hlkmlkl\b_ kj_^kl\ mijZ\e_gby, ^hklmiguo ihevah\Zl_ex, hagZqZ_l khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ kZfZ i_j_oh^bl \ mklZgh\b\rbcky j_`bf wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; «j_`bf «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» – j_`bf kZfh]h gbadh]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb, dhlhjuc fh`_l ^eblvky \ l_q_gb_ g_h]jZgbq_ggh]h \j_f_gb ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby ijh]jZffu b jZa]jmadb klbjZevghc fZrbgu [_a ^hihegbl_evgh]h \f_rZl_evkl\Z ihevah\Zl_ey; «kh^_j`Zgb_ hklZlhqghc \eZ]b» – ihdZaZl_ev, hij_^_eyxsbc dhebq_kl\h hklZlhqghc \eZ]b, dhlhjZy kh^_j`blky \ [Zah\hc aZ]jmad_ hlghkbl_evgh jZ\gh\_kgh]h khklhygby we_f_glh\ [Zah\hc aZ]jmadb, dhlhju_ ih^\_j]ebkv dhg^bpbhgbjh\Zgbx \ dhgljhebjm_fhc kj_^_; «klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ» – we_dljbq_kdbc ijb[hj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey klbjdb b ihehkdZgby l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc k ijbf_g_gb_f \h^u, dhlhjuc lZd`_ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y nmgdpbx hl`bfZ b ij_^gZagZq_g ]eZ\guf h[jZahf ^ey g_ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby; «pbde» – iheguc ijhp_kk jZ[hlu klbjZevghc fZrbgu, \ khhl\_lkl\bb k \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffhc, khklhysbc ba k_jbb jZaebqguo hi_jZpbc (klbjdb, ihehkdZgby, hl`bfZ b l. ^.) b \dexqZxsbc ex[u_ hi_jZpbb, \uihegy_fu_ ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby \uiheg_gby \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffu; «qZklbqgZy aZ]jmadZ» – iheh\bgZ ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklb klbjZevghc fZrbgu ^ey aZ^Zgghc ijh]jZffu; «wd\b\Ze_glgZy klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ» – fh^_ev klbjZevghc fZrbgu k ihdZaZl_eyfb (ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv, l_ogbq_kdb_ b wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb, ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb, jZkoh^ \h^u, dhjj_dlbjh\Zgguc mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb) \h \j_fy
4 klbjdb b hl`bfZ, ZgZeh]bqgufb ihdZaZl_eyf ^jm]hc fh^_eb klbjZevghc fZrbgu lh]h `_ ba]hlh\bl_ey, \uims_gghc \ h[jZs_gb_ ih^ ^jm]bf lhj]h\uf h[hagZq_gb_f. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjZevguo fZrbg b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. >ey klbjZevghc fZrbgu ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ baf_j_gby (bkiulZgby) b hij_^_e_gu ke_^mxsb_ ihdZaZl_eb: bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI); bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb (Iw); jZkoh^ \h^u (Wt); kh^_j`Zgb_ hklZlhqghc \eZ]b. JZkq_lu k g_h[oh^bfufb bkiulZgbyfb (baf_j_gbyfb) ijhba\h^ylky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlZfb 5 – 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. >ey jZkq_lZ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb b hij_^_e_gby ^jm]bo oZjZdl_jbklbd klbjZevguo fZrbg ke_^m_l ijhba\h^blv baf_j_gby ijh^he`bl_evghklb, ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb, jZkoh^Z \h^u b dZq_kl\Z klbjdb ^ey iheguo ijhp_kkh\ (pbdeh\), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjuo hkms_kl\ey_lky h[jZ[hldZ oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc klZg^Zjlgh]h aZ]jyag_gby ijb ghfbgZevghc l_fi_jZlmj_ klbjdb 60 °K b 40 °K (^Ze__ khhl\_lkl\_ggh − klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» b klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K»). Эlb klZg^Zjlgu_ ijh]jZffu ^he`gu [ulv h[hagZq_gu gZ mkljhckl\_ ^ey \u[hjZ ijh]jZffu b (beb) gZ ^bkie__ klbjZevghc fZrbgu (ijb gZebqbb), dZd klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» b klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K».
5 4. Иg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ): EEI = 100 SAEc AEc , ]^_: AEC – ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb klbjZevghc fZrbghc; SAEC – klZg^Zjlgh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb klbjZevghc fZrbghc. SAEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky (\ d<l·q) ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f k ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): SAEC = 47,0·k + 51,7, ]^_ k − ghfbgZevgZy ijhba\h^bl_evghklv (\ d]) ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ beb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_, ijb dhlhjhc hij_^_eyxsbf y\ey_lky f_gvr__ ba h[hbo agZq_gbc. =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb klbjZevghc fZrbghc (AEC) \ d<l·q/]h^ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (c hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): 000160 2 220600525 2 220600525 220 10 tt t T P T P E АЕс , ]^_: Et − kj_^g__ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ aZ h^bg pbde klbjdb \ d<l·q (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\);
6 Jh − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby \ <l (с hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Jl − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby \ <l (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Tt − ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu \ fbgmlZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby); 220 − mkeh\gh h`b^Z_fh_ dhebq_kl\h klZg^Zjlguo pbdeh\ klbjdb \ ]h^. ?keb klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ hkgZs_gZ kbkl_fhc mijZ\e_gby, dhlhjZy ih hdhgqZgbb ijh]jZffu Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_\h^bl klbjZevgmx fZrbgm \ \udexq_ggh_ khklhygb_, lh AEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: 000160 220220600525220TP 220 l0l1 TTP EАЕс t t , ]^_ Tl − \j_fy gZoh`^_gby fZrbgu \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby \ fbgmlZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby). Kj_^g__ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ aZ h^bg pbde klbjdb (Et) \ d<l·q jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): 7 E2E2E3 E 2 1 40,t 2 1 60,t 60,t t , ]^_: Et,60 − wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ d<l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\);
7 Et,60 1/2 − wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ d<l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Et,40 1/2 − wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ d<l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\). Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (Jh) \ <l jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): 7 P2P2P3 P 2 1 40,o 2 1 60,o 60,o o , ]^_: P0,60 − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ \udexq_gghf khklhygbb \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); P0,60 1/2 − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ \udexq_gghf khklhygbb \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); P0,40 ½ − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ \udexq_gghf khklhygbb \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\). Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (J1) \ <l jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\):
8 7 P2P2P3 P 2 1 40,1 2 1 60,1 60,1 1 , ]^_: P1,60 − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_; P1,60 1/2 − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_; P1,40 1/2 − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ <l ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. Ijh^he`bl_evghklv \uiheg_gby ijh]jZffu (Tt) \ fbgmlZo jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby): 7 T2T2T3 T 2 1 40,t 2 1 60,t 60,t t , ]^_: Tt,60 − \j_fy \uiheg_gby klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60°K» \ fbgmlZo ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_; Tt,60 1/2 – \j_fy \uiheg_gby klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60°K» \ fbgmlZo ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_; Tt,40 ½ − \j_fy \uiheg_gby klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40°K» \ fbgmlZo ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_.
9 <j_fy \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (L1) \ fbgmlZo jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby): 7 T2T2T3 T 2 1 40,1 2 1 60,1 60,1 1 , ]^_: T1,60 − \j_fy \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ fbgmlZo ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmad_; T1,60 1/2 − \j_fy \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ fbgmlZo ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_; T1,40 1/2 − \j_fy \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» \ fbgmlZo ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. 5. >ey jZkq_lZ bg^_dkZ wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb (Iw) wnn_dlb\ghklv klbjdb bkiulu\Z_fhc klbjZevghc fZrbgu kjZ\gb\Zxl k wnn_dlb\ghklvx klbjdb wlZehgghc klbjZevghc fZrbgu ijb jZ[hl_ ih klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_ klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc b ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ b ijb jZ[hl_ ih klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_ klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb (Iw) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): 7 I2I2I3 I 2 1 40,w 2 1 60,w 60,w w , ]^_:
10 Iw,60 − bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_; Iw,60 1/2 − bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_; Iw,40 1/2 − bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb ^ey dZ`^hc klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc (Iw,p) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: n i aR iT PW W W n I 1 , , , 1 , ]^_: WT,i − wnn_dlb\ghklv klbjdb ijb bkiulZgbb klbjZevghc fZrbgu \ l_q_gb_ h^gh]h pbdeZ (pbdeZ i) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); WR,Z − kj_^gyy wnn_dlb\ghklv klbjdb wlZehgghc klbjZevghc fZrbgu; n − dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ bkiulZgbc, dhlhjh_ ^he`gh [ulv: g_ f_g__ 3 ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_; g_ f_g__ 2 ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_; g_ f_g__ 2 ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. Эnn_dlb\ghklv klbjdb (W) y\ey_lky kj_^g_c \_ebqbghc, hij_^_ey_fhc ih l_klh\hc ihehkd_ ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h
11 pbdeZ bkiulZgbc. 6. JZkoh^ \h^u (Wt) ijbgbfZ_lky jZ\guf jZkoh^m \h^u ijb klbjd_ ih klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_ «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (Wt,60) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ): Wt = Wt,60 . 7. Kh^_j`Zgb_ hklZlhqghc \eZ]b ^ey dZ`^hc ijh]jZffu jZkkqblu\Z_lky \ ijhp_glZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby). 8. KlbjZevgu_ fZrbgu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf: a) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z: bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) klbjZevguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmadhc 4 d] b [he__ ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 59, Z klbjZevguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmadhc f_g__ 4 d] – f_g__ 68; bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjdb (Iw) klbjZevguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmadhc [he__ 3 d] ^he`_g [ulv [hevr_ 1,03, Z klbjZevguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmadhc g_ [he__ 3 d] – [hevr_ 1,00; \ klbjZevguo fZrbgZo ^he`gZ [ulv ij_^mkfhlj_gZ \hafh`ghklv klbjdb ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 20 °K k h[hagZq_gb_f khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ijh]jZffu gZ mkljhckl\_ ^ey \u[hjZ ijh]jZffu b (beb) gZ ^bkie__ klbjZevghc fZrbgu (ijb gZebqbb); jZkoh^ \h^u (Wt) klbjZevghc fZrbghc \ ebljZo ^he`_g khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxs_fm g_jZ\_gkl\m: Wt ≤ 5∙k + 35,
12 ]^_ k − f_gvrZy ba \_ebqbg ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklb klbjZevghc fZrbgu ^ey klZg^Zjlguo ijh]jZff klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» b «Хehihd 40 °K»; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z jZkoh^ \h^u (Wt) klbjZevghc fZrbghc \ ebljZo ^he`_g khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxs_fm g_jZ\_gkl\m: Wt ≤ 5∙k1/2 + 35, ]^_ k1/2 − f_gvrZy ba \_ebqbg ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklb klbjZevghc fZrbgu ^ey klZg^Zjlguo ijh]jZff klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ b «Хehihd 40 °K» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. 9. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d klbjZevguf fZrbgZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv: Z) agZq_gby EEI, Iw, Wt b hklZlhqghc \eZ]b, hij_^_e_ggu_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlZfb 5 – 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; [) k\_^_gby h klZg^Zjlguo ijh]jZffZo ^ey klbjdb oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo ba^_ebc ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 60 °K b 40 °K, gZau\Z_fu_ klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 60 °K» b klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ klbjdb «Хehihd 40 °K» (^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, qlh hgb ijb]h^gu ^ey klbjdb oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo ba^_ebc h[uqgh]h aZ]jyag_gby, y\eyxlky gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\gufb ijh]jZffZfb k lhqdb aj_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb b jZkoh^Z \h^u ^ey klbjdb oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo ldZg_c, Z lZd`_ ^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, qlh nZdlbq_kdZy l_fi_jZlmjZ \h^u fh`_l hlebqZlvky hl aZy\e_gghc l_fi_jZlmju ^ey ^Zggh]h pbdeZ);
13 \) bgnhjfZpbx h \_ebqbg_ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby; ]) bgnhjfZpbx h ijh^he`bl_evghklb pbdeZ jZ[hlu klbjZevghc fZrbgu, hklZlhqghc \eZ]_, ihlj_[e_gbb wg_j]bb b jZkoh^_ \h^u ijb bkihevah\Zgbb hkgh\guo ijh]jZff klbjdb ijb iheghc beb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ beb ^ey h[hbo h[t_fh\ aZ]jmadb; ^) j_dhf_g^Zpbb \ hlghr_gbb lh]h, dZdhc lbi fhxs_]h kj_^kl\Z ijb]h^_g ^ey klbjdb ijb jZaebqguo l_fi_jZlmjZo. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb klbjZevguo fZrbg ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 10. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) klbjZevguo fZrbg ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj dZ`^hc fh^_eb klbjZevghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev klbjZevghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd klbjZevghc fZrbgu khhl\_lkl\mxl jZa^_em III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_. LZ[ebpZ >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ AEC [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb hlklbju\Zgby Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby lw [he__ q_f gZ 4 % Ihlj_[e_gb_ Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_
14 Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb agZq_gb_ ?t [he__ q_f gZ 10 % <j_fy jZ[hlu ijh]jZffu Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv mklZgh\e_ggh_ agZq_gb_ Lt [he__ q_f gZ 10 % JZkoh^ \h^u Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ Wt [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» ?keb agZq_gby J0 b Jl ij_\urZxl 1,00 <l, lh hgb g_ ^he`gu ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 10 %. ?keb agZq_gby J0 b Jl g_ ij_\urZxl 1,00 <l, lh hgb g_ ^he`gu ij_\urZlv mklZgh\e_ggh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 0,10 <l Ijh^he`bl_evghklv gZoh`^_gby \ j_`bf_ «hklZ\e_gh \dexq_gguf» Иaf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ Tl [he__ q_f gZ 10 % (*) Ih^ ghfbgZevguf agZq_gb_f ihgbfZ_lky agZq_gb_, aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f. < bguo kemqZyo bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\_klb gZ 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjZo dZ`^hc fh^_eb klbjZevghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev klbjZevghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjh\ klbjZevguo fZrbg khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ jZa^_e_ III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_, aZ bkdexq_gb_f agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb (?t), \_ebqbgZ dhlhjh]h g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 6 %. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev b \k_ ^jm]b_ wd\b\Ze_glgu_ klbjZevgu_ fZrbgu ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 7 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbq_kdhc эnn_dlb\ghklb [ыlh\ыo ihkm^hfh_qgыo fZrbg I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa), iblZ_fu_ hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 230 < [ulh\u_ ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu (^Ze__ – ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu), \ lhf qbke_: Z) ijbf_gy_fu_ \ g_[ulh\uo p_eyo; [) kihkh[gu_ jZ[hlZlv lZd`_ hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c (Zddmfmeylhjh\); \) \kljZb\Z_fu_. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky.
2 II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «\kljZb\Z_fZy ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ» – ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey mklZgh\db \ f_[_ev, \ ki_pbZevgh ih^]hlh\e_ggu_ ijh_fu, m]em[e_gby, gbrb, yq_cdb \ kl_gZo, iZg_eyo, \bljbgZo, kl_eeZ`Zo b ^j.; «dhfie_dl ihkm^u» – gZ[hj ihkm^u b klheh\uo ijb[hjh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey h^ghc i_jkhgu; «ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv» – fZdkbfZevgh mklZgh\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f dhebq_kl\h dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u, dhlhjh_ fh`_l [ulv h[jZ[hlZgh \ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbg_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffhc aZ h^gm hi_jZpbx beb aZ h^bg pbde hi_jZpbc; «ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ» – ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ]eZ\guf h[jZahf g_ ^ey ijhn_kkbhgZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby fZrbgZ, dhlhjZy hkms_kl\ey_l hqbkldm, fhcdm, hiheZkdb\Zgb_ b kmrdm d_jZfbq_kdhc, kl_deygghc, f_lZeebq_kdhc, ieZklfZkkh\hc b bghc ihkm^u, klheh\uo ijb[hjh\ b dmohggh]h bg\_glZjy iml_f f_oZgbq_kdh]h, l_jfbq_kdh]h, we_dljbq_kdh]h b obfbq_kdh]h \ha^_ckl\by; «ijh]jZffZ» – k_jby ij_^\Zjbl_evgh mklZgh\e_gguo hi_jZpbc, ij_^mkfhlj_gguo wdkiemZlZpbhggufb ^hdmf_glZfb ^ey h[jZ[hldb ihkm^u ijb hij_^_e_gguo kl_i_gb beb lbi_ aZ]jyag_gby b \f_kl_ h[jZamxsbo iheguc pbde; «ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu» – i_jbh^ \j_f_gb k gZqZeZ aZimkdZ ijh]jZffu ^h __ hdhgqZgby [_a mq_lZ aZ^_j`_d, aZ^Z\Z_fuo (ijh]jZffbjm_fuo) ihevah\Zl_e_f;
3 «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu, ih^dexq_gghc d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b bkihevam_fhc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k wdkiemZlZpbhggufb ^hdmf_glZfb, ijb dhlhjhf hgZ \udexqZ_lky k ihfhsvx ^hklmigh]h ihevah\Zl_ex mijZ\eyxs_]h mkljhckl\Z beb \udexqZl_ey k p_evx ^hklb`_gby j_`bfZ fbgbfZevgh]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb, dhlhjuc fh`_l ijh^he`Zlvky g_h]jZgbq_ggh_ \j_fy, eb[h khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ kZfZ i_j_oh^bl \ j_`bf fbgbfZevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ijb hlkmlkl\bb ^ey ihevah\Zl_ey kj_^kl\ mijZ\e_gby; «j_`bf h`b^Zgby» – j_`bf fbgbfZevgh]h ihlj_[e_gby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb, dhlhjuc [_a ^hihegbl_evgh]h \f_rZl_evkl\Z ihevah\Zl_ey (aZ bkdexq_gb_f hi_jZpbc ih jZa]jmad_ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu) fh`_l ijh^he`Zlvky \ l_q_gb_ g_h]jZgbq_ggh]h \j_f_gb ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby pbdeZ; «pbde» – iheguc ijhp_kk jZ[hlu ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu, \ khhl\_lkl\bb k \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffhc, khklhysbc ba k_jbb jZaebqguo hi_jZpbc (hqbkldb, fhcdb, hiheZkdb\Zgby, kmrdb b ^j.); «wd\b\Ze_glgZy ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ» – fh^_ev ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu k ihdZaZl_eyfb (ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv, l_ogbq_kdb_ b wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb, ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb, jZkoh^ \h^u, kdhjj_dlbjh\Zgguc mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb), ZgZeh]bqgufb ihdZaZl_eyf ^jm]hc fh^_eb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu lh]h `_ ba]hlh\bl_ey, \uims_gghc \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ih^ ^jm]bf lhj]h\uf h[hagZq_gb_f (gZbf_gh\Zgb_f).
4 III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. < hlghr_gbb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) b hij_^_e_gu ke_^mxsb_ iZjZf_lju: bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI); bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb fhcdb (IC); bg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrdb (ID). Khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ jZkq_lu k g_h[oh^bfufb bkiulZgbyfb (baf_j_gbyfb) ijhba\h^ylky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlZfb 4 – 6 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. >ey jZkq_lZ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb b hij_^_e_gby ^jm]bo oZjZdl_jbklbd ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg ke_^m_l ijhba\h^blv baf_j_gby ijh^he`bl_evghklb fhcdb, ]h^h\h]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, ]h^h\h]h jZkoh^Z \h^u b dZq_kl\Z fhcdb ^ey ihegh]h pbdeZ, \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h hkms_kl\ey_lky h[jZ[hldZ fZdkbfZevghc ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklb kh klZg^Zjlguf aZ]jyag_gb_f (^Ze__ – klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ fhcdb). Эlhl pbde ^he`_g [ulv mklZgh\e_g gZ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbg_ b (beb) gZ ^bkie__ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu, _keb lZdh\hc bf__lky, \ klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_. GZ ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbgZo, bf_xsbo Z\lhfZlbq_kdbc \u[hj ijh]jZff beb nmgdpbx Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h \u[hjZ eb[h ih^^_j`Zgby \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffu, wlhl pbde ^he`_g [ulv mklZgh\e_g \ dZq_kl\_ klZg^Zjlgh bkihevam_fhc ijh]jZffu. 4. Иg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ): EEI = (AEC / SAEC) × 100 ,
5 ]^_: AEC – ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbghc; SAEC – klZg^Zjlgh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbghc. AEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky (\ d<l·q/]h^) ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): AEC = Et × 280 + дPh × Д525600 – (Tt × 280)Ж /2 + + Pl × [525600 – (Tt × 280)Ж /2ж / (60 × 1000), ]^_: Et – ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb aZ klZg^Zjlguc pbde (\ d<l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Ph – ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (\ <l) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Pl – ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (\ <l) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Tt – \j_fy jZ[hlu ijh]jZffu klZg^Zjlgh]h pbdeZ fhcdb (\ fbgmlZo) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ). ?keb ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ hkgZs_gZ kbkl_fhc j_]mebjh\Zgby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, dhlhjZy kimkly \j_fy Ll ih hdhgqZgbb ijh]jZffu Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_\h^bl ihkm^hfh_qgmx fZrbgm \ j_`bf \udexq_gby, lh AEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky (\ d<l·q/]h^) ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): AEC = Et × 280 + [Pl × Ll × 280 + Ph × (525600 – Tt × 280 – Tl × 280)] /(60 × 1000),
6 ]^_: Tl – \j_fy \h \dexq_gghf khklhygbb (\ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby) ^ey klZg^Zjlgh]h pbdeZ fhcdb (\ fbgmlZo) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h [eb`Zcr_c p_ehc fbgmlu); 280 – h[s__ dhebq_kl\h klZg^Zjlguo pbdeh\ fhcdb aZ 1 ]h^. KlZg^Zjlgh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb jZkkqblu\Z_lky (\ d<l·q/]h^) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\) ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf: ^ey ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx ps g_ f_g__ 10 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u b rbjbghc g_ [he__ 50 kf: SAEC = 7,0 × ps + 378, ^ey ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx g_ [he__ 9 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u b rbjbghc g_ [he__ 50 kf: SAEC = 25,2 × ps + 126, ]^_: ps – ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv. 5. >ey jZkq_lZ bg^_dkZ wnn_dlb\ghklb fhcdb IC bkiulm_fhc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijhba\h^blky kjZ\g_gb_ __ wnn_dlb\ghklb fhcdb k wnn_dlb\ghklvx fhcdb wlZehgghc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu. Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb fhcdb (IC) ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): n IC = Exp [(1/n) × Σ ln (CT,i /CЭ,i)], i=1 ]^_:
7 CT,i – wnn_dlb\ghklv fhcdb l_klbjm_fhc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijb bkiulZgbb \ l_q_gb_ 1 pbdeZ (pbdeZ Т); KЭ,Т – wnn_dlb\ghklv fhcdb wlZehgghc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijb bkiulZgbb \ l_q_gb_ 1 pbdeZ (pbdeZ Т); n – dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ (^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ 5). Эnn_dlb\ghklv fhcdb (K) y\ey_lky kj_^g_c \_ebqbghc kl_i_gb aZ]jyag_gghklb dZ`^h]h aZ]jm`_ggh]h \ ihkm^hfh_qgmx fZrbgm ij_^f_lZ klheh\h]h ijb[hjZ ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby klZg^Zjlgh]h pbdeZ fhcdb, hij_^_ey_fhc \ [ZeeZo kh]eZkgh lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 Hp_gdZ kl_i_gb aZ]jyag_gghklb Dhebq_kl\h lhq_d aZ]jyag_gby (n) H[sZy iehsZ^v aZ]jyag_gby (As) (ff 2 ) Hp_gdZ kl_i_gb aZ]jyag_gghklb n = 0 As = 0 5 (fZdkbfZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv) 0 < n 4 0 < As 4 4 4 < n 10 0 < As 4 3 10 < n 4 < As 50 2 g_ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky 50 < As 200 1 g_ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky 200 < As 0 (fbgbfZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv) 6. >ey jZkq_lZ bg^_dkZ wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrdb (ID) bkiulm_fhc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijhba\h^blky kjZ\g_gb_ __ wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrdb k wnn_dlb\ghklvx kmrdb wlZehgghc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu. ID jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): n ID = Eбp Д(1/n) × Σ ln (DT,i /DЭ,i)], i=1
8 ]^_: DT,i – wnn_dlb\ghklv kmrdb l_klbjm_fhc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijb bkiulZgbb \ l_q_gb_ 1 pbdeZ (pbdeZ Т); DЭ,Т – wnn_dlb\ghklv kmrdb wlZehgghc ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu ijb bkiulZgbb \ l_q_gb_ 1 pbdeZ (pbdeZ Т); n – dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ (^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ 5). Эnn_dlb\ghklv fhcdb (D) y\ey_lky kj_^g_c \_ebqbghc, oZjZdl_jbamxs_c gZebqb_ \eZ]b gZ dZ`^hf aZ]jm`_gghf \ ihkm^hfh_qgmx fZrbgm ij_^f_l_ klheh\h]h ijb[hjZ ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby klZg^Zjlgh]h pbdeZ fhcdb, hij_^_ey_fhc \ [ZeeZo kh]eZkgh lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 Hp_gdZ mjh\gy \eZ`ghklb Dhebq_kl\h lhq_d \eZ]b (Wl) b ih^l_dh\ (Ws) H[sZy iehsZ^v \eZ`guo mqZkldh\ (Aw) (ff 2 ) Hp_gdZ mjh\gy \eZ`ghklb Wl = 0 b Ws = 0 g_ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky 2 (fZdkbfZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv) 1 < Wl ≤ 2 beb Ws = 1 Aw < 50 1 2 < Wl b (beb) Ws = 2 eb[h Ws = 1 b Wl = 1 Aw > 50 0 (fbgbfZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv) 7. Ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf: Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z: EEI ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx 11 b [he__ dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u, Z lZd`_ ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx g_ [he__ 10 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u b rbjbghc [he__ 45 kf ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 63; EEI ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx 10 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u b rbjbghc g_ [he__ 45 kf ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 71;
9 IK ^he`_g [ulv [he__ 1,12; ID ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx [he__ 7 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u ^he`_g [ulv [he__ 1,08; ID ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx g_ [he__ 7 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u ^he`_g [ulv [he__ 0,86; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z EEI ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx 8 b 9 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u, Z lZd`_ ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg k ghfbgZevghc \f_klbfhklvx 10 dhfie_dlh\ ihkm^u b rbjbghc g_ [he__ 45 kf ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 63. 8. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: agZq_gby EEI, IK b ID, hij_^_e_ggu_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlZfb 4 – 6 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; bgnhjfZpby h klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_ fhcdb (^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, qlh ihkm^hfh_qgZy fZrbgZ ijb]h^gZ ^ey fhcdb ihkm^u b klheh\uo ijb[hjh\ h[uqgh]h aZ]jyag_gby b y\ey_lky gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\ghc ijh]jZffhc k lhqdb aj_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb b jZkoh^Z \h^u); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \h \dexq_gghf khklhygbb (\ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby) b j_`bf_ \udexq_gby; bgnhjfZpby h ijh^he`bl_evghklb pbdeZ ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu b jZkoh^_ \h^u ijb bkihevah\Zgbb hkgh\ghc ijh]jZffu fhcdb.
10 IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg h^bg lbih\hc wda_fieyj dZ`^hc fh^_eb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf jZa^_eZ III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 3. LZ[ebpZ 3 >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj JZaj_r_ggu_ ^himkdb* =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ AEC [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb fhcdb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby IC [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Иg^_dk wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrdb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby ID [he__ q_f gZ 19 % Ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ?t [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ Lt [he__ q_f gZ 10 % JZkoh^ \h^u baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ Wt [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby _keb agZq_gby J0 b Jl ij_\urZxl 1,00 <l, lh hgb g_ ^he`gu ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 10 %. ?keb agZq_gby J0 b Jl g_ ij_\urZxl 1,00 <l, lh hgb g_ ^he`gu ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 0,10 <l
11 Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj JZaj_r_ggu_ ^himkdb* Ijh^he`bl_evghklv gZoh`^_gby \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ Tl [he__ q_f gZ 10 % (*) Ih^ ghfbgZevguf agZq_gb_f ihgbfZ_lky agZq_gb_, aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f < bguo kemqZyo bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\h^blv gZ 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjZo dZ`^hc fh^_eb ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby baf_j_gguo iZjZf_ljh\ wlbo 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjh\ ihkm^hfh_qguo fZrbg khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ lZ[ebp_ 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, aZ bkdexq_gb_f ihlj_[e_gby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb, baf_jy_fZy \_ebqbgZ dhlhjh]h g_ ij_\urZ_l ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby Et [he__ q_f gZ 6 %. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev ihkm^hfh_qghc fZrbgu b \k_ ^jm]b_ wd\b\Ze_glgu_ ihkm^hfh_qgu_ fZrbgu ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 8 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эgеj]еlbчеkdhc эnnеdlb\ghklb lеeе\babhggыo ijbklZ\hd I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) Z\lhghfgu_ (g_ \kljZb\Z_fu_ \ ijb_fgbdb l_e_- b (beb) jZ^bh\_sZgby) Z[hg_glkdb_ l_e_\babhggu_ ijbklZ\db (^Ze__ – l_e_\babhggu_ ijbklZ\db), ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby hldjulh]h g_dh^bjh\Zggh]h pbnjh\h]h l_e_- b (beb) jZ^bh\_sZgby klZg^Zjlghc b (beb) \ukhdhc q_ldhklb \ kb]gZeu, khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ZgZeh]h\hfm l_e_\b^_gbx b (beb) jZ^bh, dhlhju_ g_ bf_xl nmgdpbb «mkeh\guc ^hklmi» b nmgdpbb aZibkb gZ kt_fgu_ ghkbl_eb bgnhjfZpbb \ klZg^Zjlghf nhjfZl_, gh fh]ml bf_lv: Z) nmgdpbx nhgh\hc aZibkb \_sZ_fhc ijh]jZffu gZ \kljh_gguc gZdhibl_ev bgnhjfZpbb (`_kldbc ^bkd) k \hafh`ghklvx ihke_^mxs_]h ее ijhkfhljZ kh k^\b]hf \j_f_gb; [) nmgdpbx ij_h[jZah\Zgby ijbgbfZ_fuo kb]gZeh\ l_e_\_sZgby \ukhdhc q_ldhklb \ \b^_hkb]gZe \ukhdhc beb klZg^Zjlghc q_ldhklb; \) \lhjhc lxg_j. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h
2 khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, l_e_\babhggu_ ijbklZ\db ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ kgb`_gb_ we_dljhiblZgby» – nmgdpby, dhlhjZy i_j_dexqZ_l l_e_\babhggmx ijbklZ\dm ba Zdlb\gh]h j_`bfZ jZ[hlu \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby ihke_ hij_^_e_ggh]h bgl_j\ZeZ \j_f_gb jZ[hlu \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ k fhf_glZ ihke_^g_]h \f_rZl_evkl\Z ihevah\Zl_ey b (beb) kf_gu dZgZeZ; «Zdlb\guc j_`bf (jZ[hqbc j_`bf)» – khklhygb_, dh]^Z h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh k\hbf gZagZq_gb_f \uihegy_l dZd fbgbfmf 1 ba ]eZ\guo jZ[hqbo nmgdpbc; «\lhjhc lxg_j» – khklZ\gZy qZklv (ma_e) l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db, dhlhjZy fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\ZgZ ^ey aZibkb ijh]jZffu l_e_- b (beb) jZ^bh\_sZgby ijb h^gh\j_f_gghf ijhkfhlj_ ^jm]hc \_sZl_evghc ijh]jZffu; «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby, gh g_ gZoh^blky \ Zdlb\ghf (jZ[hq_f) j_`bf_ beb j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby, Z fh`_l \uihegylv ebrv nmgdpbb h[_ki_q_gby we_dljhfZ]gblghc kh\f_klbfhklb b (beb) bg^bdZpbb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby;
3 «j_`bf h`b^Zgby (`^msbc j_`bf)» – khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf we_dljbq_kdh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b \ l_q_gb_ g_h]jZgbq_ggh]h \j_f_gb \uihegy_l nmgdpbx j_Zdlb\Zpbb (\ lhf qbke_ k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb) b (beb) nmgdpbx bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby; «mkeh\guc ^hklmi» – ih^dhgljhevgZy ijh\Zc^_jm kbkl_fZ h]jZgbq_gby ^hklmiZ d ieZlguf ijh]jZffZf l_e_- b (beb) jZ^bh\_sZgby; «nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb beb hlh[jZ`_gb_ gZ bg^bdZlhj_ khklhygby h[hjm^h\Zgby, \dexqZy bg^bdZpbx \j_f_gb; «nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ihkj_^kl\hf mkljhckl\ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby, \gmlj_ggbo ^Zlqbdh\ beb j_]meylhjh\ \u^_j`db \j_f_gb kihkh[ghklv d i_j_oh^m ba j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby \ Zdlb\guc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf ijhbkoh^bl Zdlb\Zpby \uiheg_gby ]eZ\guo beb ]eZ\guo b ^hihegbl_evguo nmgdpbc h[hjm^h\Zgby. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_. LZ[ebpZ Ij_^_evgu_ agZq_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby Иa^_eb_, ^hihegbl_evgu_ dhfihg_glu beb nmgdpbb Ij_^_evgu_ agZq_gby ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb (<l), g_ [he__
4 \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ L_e_\babhggZy ijbklZ\dZ, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy \uiheg_gb_ lhevdh hkgh\guo nmgdpbc 0,50 5,00 M\_ebq_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ijb gZebqbb nmgdpbb bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby + 0,50 – M\_ebq_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ijb gZebqbb \kljh_ggh]h gZdhibl_ey bgnhjfZpbb (`_kldh]h ^bkdZ) – + 6,00 M\_ebq_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ijb gZebqbb \lhjh]h lxg_jZ – + 1,00 M\_ebq_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ijb gZebqbb nmgdpbb ^_dh^bjh\Zgby kb]gZeh\ \ukhdhc q_ldhklb – + 1,00 4. < l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\dZo ^he`_g [ulv j_Zebah\Zg j_`bf h`b^Zgby. 5. < l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\dZo ^he`gu [ulv j_Zebah\Zgu Z\lhfZlbq_kdh_ kgb`_gb_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby beb ZgZeh]bqgZy nmgdpby k mq_lhf ke_^mxsbo lj_[h\Zgbc: Z) l_e_\babhggZy ijbklZ\dZ ^he`gZ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^blv ba Zdlb\gh]h j_`bfZ \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby ihke_ g_ [he__ q_f 3 qZkh\ jZ[hlu \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ k fhf_glZ ihke_^g_]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by k ihevah\Zl_e_f b (beb) kf_gu dZgZeZ k ij_^mij_^bl_evguf kb]gZehf \ l_q_gb_ 2 fbgml i_j_^ i_j_oh^hf \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby; [) nmgdpby Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h kgb`_gby we_dljhiblZgby ^he`gZ [ulv \dexq_gghc ih mfheqZgbx. 6. >ey baf_j_gguo agZq_gbc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb [he__ eb[h jZ\ghc 0,50 <l fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfZy hlghkbl_evgZy g_hij_^_e_gghklv baf_j_gby ^he`gZ [ulv f_g__ eb[h jZ\ghc 2 % agZq_gby baf_j_gghc fhsghklb ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby 95 %. >ey baf_j_gguo agZq_gbc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb f_g__ 0,50 <l
5 fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfZy g_hij_^_e_gghklv baf_j_gbc ^he`gZ [ulv f_g__ eb[h jZ\ghc 0,01 <l ijb mjh\g_ ^h\_jby 95 %. 7. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d l_e_\babhgguf ijbklZ\dZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ b j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (\ <l) k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\, \dexqZy wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey jZaebqguo ^hihegbl_evguo nmgdpbc b (beb) dhfihg_glh\; [) hibkZgb_ \u[hjZ beb ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby j_`bfZ jZ[hlu ba^_eby; \) g_h[oh^bfZy ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ^_ckl\bc (kh[ulbc) ^ey ^hklb`_gby khklhygby, \ dhlhjhf ba^_eb_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb baf_gy_l j_`bf jZ[hlu; ]) jZ^bhqZklhlgu_ \oh^gu_ kb]gZeu (^ey pbnjh\h]h gZa_fgh]h \_sZgby) b \oh^gu_ kb]gZeu ijhf_`mlhqghc qZklhlu (^ey kimlgbdh\h]h \_sZgby); ^) ex[u_ k\_^_gby, hibku\Zxsb_ jZ[hlm ba^_eby. 8. < dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\ d l_e_\babhgguf ijbklZ\dZf, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 25 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^ey l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gZ [ulv \dexq_gZ ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby: bkihevam_fu_ f_lh^u bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; ^Zlu ijh\_^_gby baf_j_gbc; iZjZf_lju, dhgljhebjm_fu_ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc
6 (baf_j_gbc): l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u; bkiulZl_evgh_ gZijy`_gb_ (\ <) b qZklhlZ (\ =p); kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ]Zjfhgbq_kdbo khklZ\eyxsbo k_lb we_dljhiblZgby; dhe_[Zgb_ gZijy`_gby bklhqgbdZ iblZgby \ oh^_ bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc); k\_^_gby h kj_^kl\Zo baf_j_gbc, gZkljhcdZo b ko_fZo, bkihevam_fuo ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc); bkiulZl_evgu_ Zm^bh- \b^_hkb]gZeu, khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ljZgkihjlghfm ihlhdm MPEG-2; iheh`_gb_ hj]Zgh\ mijZ\e_gby. G_ lj_[m_lky \dexqZlv \ mdZaZgguc dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\ lj_[h\Zgby d fhsghklb, ihlj_[ey_fhc lZdbfb i_jbn_jbcgufb mkljhckl\Zfb, ih^dexqZ_fufb d l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\d_ ^ey ijb_fZ l_e_- b (beb) jZ^bh\_sZgby, dZd Zdlb\gZy Zgl_ggZ ^ey ijb_fZ gZa_fgh]h \_sZgby, kimlgbdh\uc fZehrmfguc dhg\_jl_j-fhgh[ehd, ex[hc dZ[_ev beb l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgguc fh^_f. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) l_e_\babhgguo ijbklZ\hd ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj dZ`^hc fh^_eb l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db. Fh^_ev l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb j_amevlZlu baf_j_gbc g_ ij_\urZxl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 % beb 0,10 <l ^ey dhgljhey
7 ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb, \_ebqbgZ dhlhjhc khhl\_lkl\_ggh ij_\urZ_l beb g_ ij_\urZ_l 1,00 <l. < bghf kemqZ_ ijh\_jyxlky _s_ 3 lbih\uo wda_fieyjZ fh^_eb l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db. Fh^_ev l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 lbih\uo wda_fieyjh\ l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db g_ ij_\urZ_l ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ \_ebqbgm, mdZaZggmx \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev l_e_\babhgghc ijbklZ\db ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 9 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эgеj]еlbчеkdhc эnnеdlb\ghklb eZfi эeеdljbчеkdbo I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ we_dljbq_kdb_ eZfiu g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ [ulh\h]h b ZgZeh]bqgh]h gZagZq_gby, dhlhju_ lZd`_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky ^ey ^jm]bo p_e_c, ihfbfh hk\_s_gby beb \kljZb\Zlvky \ ^jm]b_ we_dljbq_kdb_ wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsb_ mkljhckl\Z (^Ze__ – we_dljbq_kdb_ eZfiu), aZ bkdexq_gb_f eZfi: Z) kh ke_^mxsbfb dhhj^bgZlZfb p\_lghklb б b в: x< 0,200 beb x> 0,600; y< – 2,3172 x 2 + 2,3653 x – 0,2800 beb y> – 2,3172 x 2 + 2,3653 x – 0,1000; [) k gZijZ\e_gguf k\_lhbaemq_gb_f; \) kh k\_lh\uf ihlhdhf f_g__ 60 exf_g beb k\ur_ 12 000 exf_g; ]) m dhlhjuo: dZd fbgbfmf 6 % h[s_]h baemq_gby \ h[eZklb 250 – 780 gf gZoh^blky f_`^m 250 b 400 gf; ibd baemq_gby gZoh^blky f_`^m 315 b 400 gf (UVA) beb 280 b 315 gf (UVB); ^) exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h IJА; _) ]ZahjZajy^guo \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby;
2 `) eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby k phdhe_f E14/E27/B22/B15 ^ey jZ[hq_]h gZijy`_gby 60 < beb f_g__, [_a \kljh_ggh]h ljZgknhjfZlhjZ; a) ki_pbZevguo ([_kphdhevguo eZfi, khnblguo eZfi, f_oZgbq_kdb ijhqguo eZfi, eZfi k nhdmkbjmxsbf phdhe_f, eZfi ihke_^h\Zl_evgh]h \dexq_gby, ^_dhjZlb\guo eZfi, k\_lhgZijZ\eyxsbo eZfi, k\_jofbgbZlxjguo eZfi, fbgbZlxjguo eZfi, fZeh]Z[Zjblguo eZfi, kj_^g_]Z[Zjblguo eZfi, djmigh]Z[Zjblguo eZfi, ^\mophdhevguo fbgbZlxjguo eZfi, eZfi ijh_dlhjguo k a_jdZevguf hljZ`Zl_e_f, bfimevkguo eZfi, eZfi kf_rZggh]h k\_lZ, eZfi ^g_\gh]h k\_lZ, eZfi FmjZ, [Zdl_jbpb^guo eZfi, lhq_qguo eZfi, mevljZnbhe_lh\uo eZfi, e_glhqguo eZfi, we_dljhexfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, bgnjZdjZkguo eZfi, ki_dljZevguo eZfi, eZfi ^ey [ulh\uo ijb[hjh\ (oheh^bevgbdh\, i_q_c b l.^.)). ?keb \ hlghr_gbb we_dljbq_kdbo eZfi ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, we_dljbq_kdb_ eZfiu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgby bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «[ehd iblZgby» – mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby iblZxs_]h k_l_\h]h gZijy`_gby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ \ gZijy`_gb_ ihklhyggh]h lhdZ beb \ ^jm]h_ gZijy`_gb_ i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ;
3 «[ulh\Zy eZfiZ» – eZfiZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey hk\_s_gby ijhkljZgkl\Z \ [ulm b g_ y\eyxsZyky ki_pbZevghc eZfihc; «\g_rgyy h[hehqdZ eZfiu» – \lhjZy (\g_rgyy) h[hehqdZ eZfiu, dhlhjZy g_ lj_[m_lky ^ey ]_g_jZpbb k\_lZ (gZijbf_j, \g_rgyy dhe[Z, dhlhjZy ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlv hilbfZevgu_ mkeh\by jZ[hlu ]hj_edb, ij_iylkl\h\Zlv \uoh^m mevljZnbhe_lh\h]h baemq_gby b (beb) jZkk_b\Zlv k\_l b ij_^hl\jZsZlv ihiZ^Zgb_ jlmlb b kl_deZ \ hdjm`Zxsmx kj_^m ijb jZa[b\Zgbb ]hj_edb); «\hevnjZfh\Zy ]Zeh]_ggZy eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby» – eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby, gblv gZdZeZ dhlhjhc khklhbl ba \hevnjZfZ b hdjm`_gZ h[hehqdhc, aZiheg_gghc ]Zeh]_gZfb beb ]Zeh]_ggufb kh_^bg_gbyfb; «\j_fy aZ`b]Zgby» – \j_fy, g_h[oh^bfh_ ^ey ihegh]h aZ]hjZgby b ^Zevg_cr_]h ]hj_gby eZfiu ihke_ __ \dexq_gby \ k_lv; «\j_fy jZa]hjZgby» – \j_fy, \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h ^hklb]Z_lky 60 % ghfbgZevgh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ihke_ \dexq_gby eZfiu \ k_lv; «]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ» – jZajy^gZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc hilbq_kdh_ baemq_gb_ \hagbdZ_l \ j_amevlZl_ we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z \ ]Za_; «]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby» – ]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc k\_lhbaemqZxsZy we_dljbq_kdZy ^m]Z klZ[bebabjm_lky l_fi_jZlmjhc kl_ghd ]hj_edb b l_ieh\Zy gZ]jmadZ gZ kl_gdb dhe[u ij_\urZ_l 3 <l/kf 2 ; «bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (Ra)» – f_jZ khhl\_lkl\by ajbl_evguo \hkijbylbc p\_lgh]h h[t_dlZ, hk\_s_ggh]h bkke_^m_fuf b klZg^Zjlguf bklhqgbdZfb k\_lZ ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo gZ[ex^_gby;
4 «dhfiZdlgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ» – exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc __ aZ`b]Zgb_ b klZ[bevgmx jZ[hlm h[_ki_qb\Zxl \kljh_gguc \ phdhev imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl b ^jm]b_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ we_f_glu; «dhjj_ebjh\ZggZy p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ(Tc [K])» – l_fi_jZlmjZ baemqZl_ey ieZgdh\kdh]h (q_jgh]h l_eZ), \hkijbgbfZ_fuc p\_l dhlhjh]h gZb[he__ [ebadh gZihfbgZ_l lhl, dhlhjuc bf__l ^Zgguc jZa^jZ`bl_ev ijb h^bgZdh\hc yjdhklb b ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo ijhkfhljZ; «dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb» – hlghr_gb_ Zdlb\ghc (ihe_aghc) fhsghklb d iheghc fhsghklb ijb jZ[hl_ gZ i_j_f_gghf lhd_; «dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu (LLMF)» – hlghr_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu \ aZ^Zgguc fhf_gl __ kjhdZ kem`[u (`bag_ggh]h pbdeZ) d gZqZevghfm k\_lh\hfm ihlhdm wlhc eZfiu (baf_j_gghfm ihke_ 100 qZkh\ wdkiemZlZpbb); «dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (LSF)» – ^hey _s_ nmgdpbhgbjmxsbo \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b ijb hij_^_e_gghc qZklhl_ \dexq_gbc (i_j_dexq_gbc) eZfi hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi; «eZfiZ» – bklhqgbd hilbq_kdh]h baemq_gby, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \ j_amevlZl_ ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb; «eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby» – eZfiZ k ]_jf_lbqghc dhe[hc, \ dhlhjhc k\_l baemqZ_lky l_ehf (gblvx) gZdZeZ ijb ijhoh`^_gbb q_j_a g_]h we_dljbq_kdh]h lhdZ \ \Zdmmf_ beb Zlfhkn_j_ bg_jlgh]h ]ZaZ; «eZfiZ gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy baemqZ_l dZd fbgbfmf 80 % k\h_]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ ij_^_eZo l_e_kgh]h m]eZ 3,14 kl_jZ^bZg (khhl\_lkl\m_l dhgmkm k m]ehf ijb \_jrbg_ 120º);
5 «eZfiZ g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy g_ y\ey_lky eZfihc gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ; «eZfiZ k g_ijhajZqghc dhe[hc» – eZfiZ, g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsZ djbl_jbyf eZfi k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc, \dexqZy dhfiZdlgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu»; «eZfiZ k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc» – eZfiZ (bkdexqZy dhfiZdlgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu), yjdhklv dhlhjhc ijb k\_lh\hf ihlhd_ f_g__ 2 000 ef ij_\urZ_l 25 000 d^/f 2 , Z ijb [he__ \ukhdhf k\_lh\hf ihlhd_ ij_\urZ_l 100 000 d^/f 2 , dhe[Z dhlhjhc y\ey_lky ijhajZqghc b gblv gZdZeZ dhlhjhc, k\_lhbaemqZxsbc ^bh^ beb ]ZahjZajy^gZy ljm[dZ q_ldh \b^gu; «exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ» – jlmlgZy eZfiZ gbadh]h ^Z\e_gby, \ dhlhjhc k\_l baemqZ_l h^bg beb g_kdhevdh keh_\ exfbghnhjZ, \ha[m`^Z_fuo mevljZnbhe_lh\uf baemq_gb_f we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z. Exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu ihklZ\eyxlky kh \kljh_gguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf beb [_a g_]h; «fh^_ev» – ba^_eby h^gh]h lbiZ b h^gh]h ba]hlh\bl_ey; «ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_» – dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb aZ^Zgguo jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo, bkihevam_fh_ ^ey h[hagZq_gby beb b^_glbnbdZpbb ba^_eby b mdZau\Z_fh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo; «iZljhg» – mkljhckl\h, \ dhlhjh_ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl gZagZq_gby \klZ\ey_lky phdhev eZfiu beb klZjl_j ^ey bo dj_ie_gby b ijbkh_^bg_gby d we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb; «ij_`^_\j_f_gguc hldZa» – \uoh^ eZfiu ba kljhy ^h bkl_q_gby kjhdZ kem`[u, mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo gZ eZfim;
6 «imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl (IJА)» – mkljhckl\h, \dexqZ_fh_ f_`^m k_lvx b h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb jZajy^gufb eZfiZfb, dhlhjh_ ihkj_^kl\hf bg^mdlb\ghklb, _fdhklb beb bo dhf[bgZpbb h[_ki_qb\Z_l ]eZ\guf h[jZahf h]jZgbq_gb_ lhdZ eZfiu gZ mjh\g_ lj_[m_fh]h agZq_gby. Imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu (^Ze__ – IJА) fh`_l khklhylv ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo [ehdh\. IJА lZd`_ fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv kj_^kl\Z ^ey ljZgknhjfZpbb gZijy`_gby k_lb b mkljhckl\Z, ihfh]Zxsb_ h[_ki_qblv gZijy`_gb_ ^ey aZ`b]Zgby eZfiu, ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ oheh^gh]h aZ`b]Zgby, mf_gvr_gb_ kljh[hkdhibq_kdh]h wnn_dlZ, bkijZ\e_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb b (beb) ih^Z\e_gb_ k_l_\uo jZ^bhihf_o. IJА fh`_l [ulv \kljh_g \ eZfim beb [ulv hl^_evguf hl g__; «jZajy^gZy eZfiZ» – eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc hilbq_kdh_ baemq_gb_ \hagbdZ_l \ j_amevlZl_ we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z \ ]ZaZo, iZjZo f_lZeeh\, ]Zeh]_gb^h\ beb bo kf_kb; «jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_» – dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo. AgZq_gby b mkeh\by ijb\h^ylky \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo klZg^ZjlZo beb khh[sZxlky ba]hlh\bl_e_f (ihklZ\sbdhf). ?keb g_ mdZaZgh gbq_]h bgh]h, lh \k_ lj_[h\Zgby \ujZ`_gu dZd jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby. JZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ ihemqZ_lky jZkq_lguf iml_f, lh _klv g_ wdki_jbf_glZevguf iml_f; «k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ηe)» – hlghr_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ, baemqZ_fh]h bklhqgbdhf k\_lZ, d ihlj_[ey_fhc bf fhsghklb, \ujZ`_ggh_ \ exf_gZo gZ \Zll (ef/<l). K\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ y\ey_lky ihdZaZl_e_f wnn_dlb\ghklb b wdhghfbqghklb bklhqgbdh\ k\_lZ b jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih nhjfme_: η = Φ / P ,
7 ]^_: Φ – k\_lh\hc ihlhd, baemqZ_fuc bklhqgbdhf k\_lZ; J – ihlj_[ey_fZy bf fhsghklv. >hihegbl_evgu_ mkljhckl\Z, dZd, gZijbf_j, IJА, ljZgknhjfZlhju b [ehdb iblZgby \ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb eZfiu (J), g_ mqblu\Zxlky; «k\_lh\hc ihlhd (Φ)» – \_ebqbgZ, oZjZdl_jbamxsZy fhsghklv \b^bfh]h baemq_gby ih _]h \ha^_ckl\bx gZ ]eZa q_eh\_dZ (\ ef), baf_jy_fZy ihke_ 100 qZkh\ wdkiemZlZpbb eZfiu; «k\_lh^bh^ (LED)» – ihemijh\h^gbdh\uc ijb[hj k p-n i_j_oh^hf, bkimkdZxsbc g_dh]_j_glgh_ \b^bfh_ baemq_gb_ ijb ih^Zq_ gZ g_]h we_dljbq_kdh]h gZijy`_gby; «k\_lh^bh^gZy eZfiZ» – eZfiZ, kh^_j`ZsZy 1 beb g_kdhevdh k\_lh^bh^guo k[hjhd. K\_lh^bh^gZy eZfiZ fh`_l [ulv kgZ[`_gZ phdhe_f; «ki_pbZevgZy eZfiZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy gZ hkgh\Zgbb __ l_ogbq_kdbo oZjZdl_jbklbd beb kh]eZkgh ijbeZ]Z_fhc d g_c wdkiemZlZpbhgghc ^hdmf_glZpbb g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey hk\_s_gby ijhkljZgkl\Z \ [ulm; «kjhd kem`[u eZfiu» – \j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, ihke_ dhlhjh]h ^hey nmgdpbhgbjmxsbo eZfi hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b ijb hij_^_e_gghc qZklhl_ \dexq_gbc (i_j_dexq_gbc) khhl\_lkl\m_l dhwnnbpb_glm kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu; «p\_lghklv» – oZjZdl_jbklbdZ dZq_kl\Z p\_lZ eZfiu, hij_^_ey_fZy __ dhhj^bgZlZfb p\_lghklb; «p\_lhi_j_^ZqZ» – \ebygb_ ki_dljZevgh]h khklZ\Z baemq_gby eZfiu gZ ajbl_evgh_ \hkijbylb_ hk\_sZ_fuo _x h[t_dlh\, oZjZdl_jbam_fh_ bg^_dkhf p\_lhi_j_^Zqb;
8 «pbde i_j_dexq_gby» – ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv \dexq_gby b \udexq_gby eZfiu q_j_a hij_^_e_ggu_ ijhf_`mldb \j_f_gb; «phdhev» – ^_lZev we_dljbq_kdhc eZfiu, kem`ZsZy ^ey __ dj_ie_gby \ iZljhg_ b h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ijbkh_^bg_gb_ d iblZxs_c k_lb; «yjdhklv» – dhebq_kl\h k\_lZ, hljZ`_ggh]h beb baemqZ_fh]h k ih\_joghklb gZ _^bgbpm \b^bfhc iehsZ^b \gmljb hij_^_e_ggh]h ijhkljZgkl\_ggh]h m]eZ (d^/f 2 ). III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b wdkiemZlZpbhgguf ^hdmf_glZf we_dljbq_kdbo eZfi 3. >ey we_dljbq_kdbo eZfi ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ baf_j_gby (bkiulZgby) b hij_^_e_gu ke_^mxsb_ agZq_gby: Z) k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ηe); [) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (Pe); \) dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu (LLMF); ]) dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (LSF); ^) kjhd kem`[u eZfiu; _) p\_lghklv; `) k\_lh\hc ihlhd (Φ); a) dhjj_ebjh\ZggZy p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ (Tc [K]); b) bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (RК); d) wnn_dlb\ghklv mevljZnbhe_lh\h]h baemq_gby; e) \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby; f) \j_fy jZa]hjZgby; g) dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb; h) yjdhklv;
9 i) kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlb \ eZfi_. 4. JZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ fZdkbfZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb (Pmax) ^ey hij_^_e_ggh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (Φ) g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 Ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby Kjhd \klmie_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc Ij_^_evgh ^himklbfh_ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb (Pmax) (\ <l) \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (Φ) (\ ef) ^ey eZfi k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc k g_ijhajZqghc dhe[hc K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z 0,8 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) 0,24 √ Φ + 0,0103 Φ K 1 k_gly[jy 2025 ]h^Z 0,6 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) 0,24 √ Φ + 0,0103 Φ Bkdexq_gby ^ey ij_^_evgh ^himklbfuo agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 1, ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 Bkdexq_gby ^ey ij_^_evgh ^himklbfuo agZq_gbc wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby* Kjhd \klmie_gby lj_[h\Zgbc gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ EZfiu, ih^iZ^Zxsb_ ih^ bkdexq_gb_ Ij_^_evgh ^himklbfh_ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb (Pmax) (\ <l) \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl Φ (\ ef) K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc b k\_lh\uf ihlhdhf: 60 ef≤ Φ ≤ 950 ef 1,1 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc b k\_lh\uf ihlhdhf: 60 ef ≤ Φ ≤ 725 ef 1,1 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) K 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc b k\_lh\uf ihlhdhf: 60 ef ≤ Φ ≤ 450 ef 1,1 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) K 1 k_gly[jy 2025 ]h^Z k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc b phdhe_f G9 b R7s 0,8 × (0,88 √ Φ +0,049 Φ) * Hkh[_gghklb h[jZs_gby gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfuo agZq_gbc wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf ]hkm^Zjkl\ – qe_gh\ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ.
10 AgZq_gby ihijZ\hqguo dhwnnbpb_glh\ (D) ^ey jZkq_lgh]h agZq_gby fZdkbfZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 3. LZ[ebpZ 3 IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu Lbi eZfiu Dhwnnbpb_gl (D) EZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby k \g_rgbf [ehdhf iblZgby Pmax /1,06 JZajy^gZy eZfiZ k phdhe_f GX53 Pmax /0,75 EZfiZ k g_ijhajZqghc dhe[hc k dhwnnbpb_glhf p\_lhi_j_^Zqb ≥ 90 b P ≤ 0,5 × (0,88 √N + 0,049 N) Pmax /0,85 =ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ k dhwnnbpb_glhf p\_lhi_j_^Zqb ≥ 90 b p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmjhc TМ ≥ 5 000K Pmax /0,76 EZfiZ k g_ijhajZqghc dhe[hc kh \lhjhc h[hehqdhc b P ≤ 0,5 × (0,88√N+0,049N) Pmax /0,95 LED-eZfiZ k \g_rgbf [ehdhf iblZgby Pmax /1,1 <k_ ijhqb_ lbiu eZfi we_dljbq_kdbo 1 5. Lj_[h\Zgby d wdkiemZlZpbhgguf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 4. >ey eZfi, hlebqZxsboky hl dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi b LED-eZfi, lj_[h\Zgby ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 5. LZ[ebpZ 4 Lj_[h\Zgby d wdkiemZlZpbhgguf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi OZjZdl_jbklbdZ K 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z K 1 k_gly[jy 2026 ]h^Z Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu ijb 6 000 q jZ[hlu ≥ 0,50 ≥ 0,70 KlZ[bevghklv k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu ijb 2 000 q ≥ 85 % (≥ 80 % ^ey eZfi k \g_rg_c dhe[hc) ijb 2 000 q ≥ 88 % (≥ 83 % ^ey eZfi k \g_rg_c dhe[hc) ijb 6 000 q ≥ 70 %
11 OZjZdl_jbklbdZ K 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z K 1 k_gly[jy 2026 ]h^Z Dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gby ^h \uoh^Z ba kljhy ≥ iheh\bg_ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu \ qZkZo ≥ 10 000, _keb \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby > 0,3 k ≥ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu \ qZkZo; ≥ 30 000, _keb \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby > 0,3 k <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby < 2,0 k < 1,5 k, _keb P < 10 <l < 1,0 k, _keb P ≥ 10 <l <j_fy jZa]hjZgby ^h ^hklb`_gby 60 % k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (Φ) < 60 k; < 120 k ^ey eZfi, dhlhju_ kh^_j`Zl ZfZev]Zfm jlmlb < 40 k beb < 100 k ^ey eZfi, dhlhju_ kh^_j`Zl ZfZev]Zfm jlmlb ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_ggh]h \uoh^Z ba kljhy ≤ 2,0 % ihke_ 200 q ≤ 2,0 % ihke_ 400 q UVA + UVB-baemq_gb_ ≤ 2,0 f<l/def ≤ 2,0 f<l/def UVC-baemq_gb_ ≤ 0,01 f<l/def ≤ 0,01 f<l/def Dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfiu ≥ 0,50, _keb P < 25 <l ≥ 0,90, _keb P ≥ 25 <l ≥ 0,55, _keb P < 25 <l ≥ 0,90, _keb P ≥ 25 <l Bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (Ra) ≥ 80 ≥ 80 LZ[ebpZ 5 Lj_[h\Zgby d wdkiemZlZpbhgguf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf eZfi, hlebqZxsboky hl dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi b LED-eZfi OZjZdl_jbklbdZ K 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z K 1 k_gly[jy 2026 ]h^Z JZkq_lguc kjhd kem`[u eZfiu ≥ 1 000 q ≥ 2 000 q KlZ[bevghklv k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu ≥ 85 % ijb 75- ijhp_glghf mdZaZgghf kj_^g_f kjhd_ kem`[u ≥ 85 % ijb 75- ijhp_glghf mdZaZgghf kj_^g_f kjhd_ kem`[u Dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gby \ 4 jZaZ ij_\urZ_l jZkq_lguc kjhd kem`[u \ qZkZo \ 4 jZaZ ij_\urZ_l jZkq_lguc kjhd kem`[u \ qZkZo <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby < 2,0 k < 2,0 k <j_fy jZa]hjZgby ^h ^hklb`_gby 60 % k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (Φ) ≤ 1,0 k ≤ 1,0 k
12 OZjZdl_jbklbdZ K 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z K 1 k_gly[jy 2026 ]h^Z ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_ggh]h \uoh^Z ba kljhy ≤ 5,0 % ihke_ 100 q ≤ 5,0 % ihke_ 200 q UVA + UVB-baemq_gb_ ≤ 2,0 f<l/def ≤ 2,0 f<l/def UVC-baemq_gb_ ≤ 0,01 f<l/def ≤ 0,01 f<l/def Dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfiu ≥ 0,95 ≥ 0,95 6. < ^hiheg_gb_ d lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ jZa^_e_ V l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), miZdh\dZ beb wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsmx bgnhjfZpbx: Z) ^ey [ulh\uo eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ (aZ bkdexq_gb_f eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby, dhlhju_ g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb) ^he`gZ ij_^hklZ\eylvky ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby: k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ; ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (_keb ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv eZfiu mdZau\Z_lky hl^_evgh hl wg_j]_lbq_kdhc fZjdbjh\db, lh ghfbgZevguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd lZd`_ ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv hl^_evgh, Z bf_ggh rjbnlhf, dhlhjuc dZd fbgbfmf \ 2 jZaZ [hevr_ rjbnlZ, bkihevam_fh]h ^ey mdZaZgby ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb); p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ (\ \b^_ qbkeh\h]h agZq_gby \ ]jZ^mkZo D_ev\bgZ); kjhd kem`[u eZfiu \ qZkZo (g_ [he__ q_f jZkq_lguc kjhd kem`[u); jZaf_ju (^ebgZ b ^bZf_lj) \ fbeebf_ljZo; _keb gZ miZdh\d_ mdZau\Z_lky wd\b\Ze_glghklv h[uqghc eZfi_
13 gZdZeb\Zgby, lh ^he`gZ mdZau\Zlvky lZ wd\b\Ze_glgZy fhsghklv (hdjm]e_ggZy ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ), dhlhjZy kh]eZkgh lZ[ebp_ 6 khhl\_lkl\m_l k\_lh\hfm ihlhdm eZfiu, kh^_j`Zs_cky \ miZdh\d_. LZ[ebpZ 6 JZkq_lguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd b ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv wd\b\Ze_glghc eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby JZkq_lguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd (Φ) ^ey jZaebqguo lbih\ eZfi, ef Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv wd\b\Ze_glghc eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby (\ <l) dhfiZdlgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ ]Zeh]_ggu_ gZdZeb\Zgby k\_lh^bh^gu_ b bgu_ 125 119 136 15 229 217 249 25 432 410 470 40 741 702 806 60 970 920 1 055 75 1 398 1 326 1 521 100 2253 2 137 2 452 150 3 172 3 009 3 452 200 Ijhf_`mlhqgu_ agZq_gby ^ey k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ b ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb wd\b\Ze_glghc eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby (hdjm]e_ggu_ ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ) ke_^m_l hij_^_eylv iml_f ebg_cgh]h bgl_jihebjh\Zgby f_`^m kf_`gufb agZq_gbyfb. H[hagZq_gb_ «wg_j]hk[_j_]ZxsZy eZfiZ» beb ZgZeh]bqgh_ h[hagZq_gb_ j_deZfgh]h oZjZdl_jZ \ hlghr_gbb wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfiu ^himklbfh, lhevdh _keb eZfiZ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, ijbf_gbfuf d eZfiZf k dhe[hc ba ijhajZqgh]h b g_ijhajZqgh]h kl_deZ, ijb\_^_gguf \ lZ[ebp_ 1. ?keb eZfiZ kh^_j`bl jlmlv, lh ^he`gZ [ulv mdZaZgZ ke_^mxsZy ^hihegbl_evgZy bgnhjfZpby:
14 kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlb \ eZfi_ \ fbeeb]jZffZo, hdjm]e_ggh_ ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ \ nhjf_ O,O f] beb X,X mР; mdZaZgby ih ebd\b^Zpbb hkdhedh\ ijb kemqZcghf jZajmr_gbb eZfiu; j_dhf_g^Zpbb ih mlbebaZpbb eZfiu; [) ^ey ki_pbZevguo eZfi gZ miZdh\d_ b \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo ^he`gZ [ulv ijb\_^_gZ ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby: gZagZq_gb_ eZfiu; mdZaZgb_ gZ lh, qlh eZfiZ hlghkblky d jZajy^m ki_pbZevguo, Z lZd`_ gZ h[eZklv __ ijbf_g_gby. 7. < ^hiheg_gb_ d ijb\_^_gghc \ imgdl_ 6 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bgnhjfZpbb d dhfie_dlm ^hdmf_glh\ ^he`gZ ijbeZ]Zlvky ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby, dhlhjZy lZd`_ fh`_l ij_^hklZ\eylvky \ ex[hf m^h[ghf ^ey ba]hlh\bl_ey \b^_ (\ lhf qbke_ q_j_a «Bgl_jg_l»): k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ; klZ[bevghklv k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu; dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu; p\_lghklv; k\_lh\hc ihlhd; bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb; hkh[h wnn_dlb\gh_ mevljZnbhe_lh\h_ UV-baemq_gb_; \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby; dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb; yjdhklv; dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gby ^h ij_`^_\j_f_ggh]h \uoh^Z ba kljhy; \j_fy jZa]hjZgby ^h ^hklb`_gby 60 % ihegh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (mdZaZgb_ «g_l» ^himklbfh, _keb ^Zggh_ \j_fy f_g__ 1 k);
15 khhl\_lkl\mxs__ mdZaZgb_, _keb j_]mebjh\Zgb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu g_\hafh`gh beb \hafh`gh lhevdh ijb ihfhsb hij_^_e_ggh]h \b^Z j_]mebjh\Zgby; khhl\_lkl\mxs__ mdZaZgb_, _keb eZfiZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb \ ki_pbZevguo, g_klZg^Zjlguo mkeh\byo (gZijbf_j, l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u Ta ≠ 25 °C). < l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb ih hp_gd_ khhl\_lkl\by ke_^m_l ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb ijb\h^blv l_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb, gZ hkgh\Zgbb dhlhjuo eZfiZ y\ey_lky ijb]h^ghc ^ey mdZaZggh]h gZ miZdh\d_ ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi we_dljbq_kdbo ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 8. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) eZfi we_dljbq_kdbo ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`gZ [ulv bkiulZgZ iZjlby, khklhysZy ba g_ f_g__ 20 h[jZaph\ h^ghc fh^_eb b h^gh]h ba]hlh\bl_ey. Baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbdb h[jZaph\ ijh^mdpbb ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, b g_ hldehgylvky [he__ q_f gZ 10 % hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc oZjZdl_jbklbd, mdZaZgguo \ gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbyo. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev we_dljbq_kdhc eZfiu ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 10 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эgеj]еlbqеkdhc эnnеdlb\ghklb \gеrgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgbя I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby, aZ bkdexq_gb_f: Z) ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c gZijy`_gby; [) bklhqgbdh\ [_ki_j_[hcgh]h iblZgby; \) aZjy^guo mkljhckl\ ^ey Zddmfmeylhjguo [ZlZj_c; ]) ij_h[jZah\Zl_e_c ^ey ]Zeh]_gguo eZfi; ^) \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby ^ey f_^bpbgkdh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby; _) \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby, \uimkdZ_fuo \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ \ l_q_gb_ 4 e_l k fhf_glZ \klmie_gby \ kbem l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ KhxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl) \ \b^_ aZiZkguo qZkl_c ^ey h[hjm^h\Zgby, \uims_ggh]h \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ l_jjblhjbb KhxaZ ^h \klmie_gby \ kbem l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ijb mkeh\bb, qlh \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo gZ \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby b^_glbnbpbjh\Zgh h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ^ey jZ[hlu k dhlhjuf ij_^gZagZq_gu mdZaZggu_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby.
2 ?keb \ hlghr_gbb \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgby bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Zdlb\guc j_`bf» – j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf gZ \oh^ \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ih^Zgh gZijy`_gb_ hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb, Z \uoh^ ih^kh_^bg_g d gZ]jmad_; «\g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ m^h\e_l\hjy_l \k_f ke_^mxsbf mkeh\byf: ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby \oh^gh]h gZijy`_gby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ iblZxs_c k_lb \ [he__ gbadh_ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_; kihkh[gh hkms_kl\eylv ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ \oh^gh]h gZijy`_gby \ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_ ihklhyggh]h beb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ (\g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby ihklhyggh]h beb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ); ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k hl^_evguf hl g_]h iblZ_fuf we_dljbq_kdbf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, b]jZxsbf jhev hkgh\ghc gZ]jmadb; aZdexq_gh \ nbabq_kdmx h[hehqdm (dhjimk) hl^_evgh hl iblZ_fh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby hkgh\ghc gZ]jmadb; kh_^bgy_lky k iblZ_fuf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f k ihfhsvx kt_fgh]h beb `_kldh aZdj_ie_ggh]h rl_dd_jgh-]g_a^h\h]h we_dljbq_kdh]h kh_^bg_gby, dZ[_ey, rgmjZ, ijh\h^Z beb bgh]h kh_^bgbl_evgh]h mkljhckl\Z;
3 ghfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv g_ ij_\urZ_l 250 Вl; ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k [ulh\uf b hnbkguf (dhglhjkdbf) we_dljbq_kdbf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, \oh^ysbf \ h[eZklv ijbf_g_gby ijbeh`_gbc № 5 b № 17 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm; «aZjy^gh_ mkljhckl\h Zddmfmeylhjghc [ZlZj_b» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ gZ k\h_f \uoh^ghf bgl_jn_ck_ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh kh_^bgy_lky k ihexkZfb kt_fghc Zddmfmeylhjghc [ZlZj_b; «bklhqgbd [_ki_j_[hcgh]h iblZgby» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb h[_ki_qb\Z_l j_a_j\gh_ iblZgb_, _keb gZijy`_gb_ \ k_lb iZ^Z_l ^h djblbq_kdb gbadh]h mjh\gy; «dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ (DI>)» – hlghr_gb_ fhsghklb, h[_ki_qb\Z_fhc \g_rgbf bklhqgbdhf iblZgby \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_, d \oh^ghc fhsghklb, ihlj_[ey_fhc \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ \g_rgbf bklhqgbdhf iblZgby; «gbadh\hevlguc \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby» – \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby k ghfbgZevguf \uoh^guf gZijy`_gb_f f_g__ 6 В b ghfbgZevguf \uoh^guf lhdhf g_ f_g__ 550 fА; «ghfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv (Р0)» – \uoh^gZy fhsghklv, mklZgh\e_ggZy ijhba\h^bl_e_f; «ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev ^ey ]Zeh]_gh\uo eZfi» – \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby, bkihevam_fuc kh k\_jogbadh\hevlgufb \hevnjZfh\ufb ]Zeh]_gh\ufb eZfiZfb; «ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev gZijy`_gby» – mkljhckl\h, ij_h[jZamxs__ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_ k_lb k ghfbgZevgufb agZq_gbyfb hl 220 В ^h 240 В i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ \ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_ k ghfbgZevgufb agZq_gbyfb hl 110 В ^h 127 В i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb, koh^gufb k \uoh^gufb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb we_dljhk_lb;
4 «j_`bf ohehklh]h oh^Z» – j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf gZ \oh^ \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ih^Zgh gZijy`_gb_ hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb, Z d _]h \uoh^Zf g_ ih^dexq_gh gbdZdhc gZ]jmadb; «kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI> \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby» – kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI> \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ijb 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, b 100 % ghfbgZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklb. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 1. LZ[ebpZ 1 FZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z GhfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby, djhf_ gbadh\hevlguo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby gbadh\hevlgu_ \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ ihklhyggh]h lhdZ P0 ≤ 51,0 Вl 0,50 Вl 0,30 Вl 0,30 Вl P0 >51,0 Вl 0,50 Вl 0,50 Вl g_l lj_[h\Zgbc 4. Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI> \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby g_ ^he`gh [ulv gb`_ ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 2.
5 LZ[ebpZ 2 FbgbfZevgh ^himklbfu_ kj_^gb_ agZq_gby DI> GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby Kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI> \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby, djhf_ gbadh\hevlguo gbadh\hevlgu_ \g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby Po ≤ 1,0 Вl 0,480 × Jh+ 0,140 0,497 × Jh+ 0,067 1,0 Вl < Po ≤ 51,0 Вl 0,063 × ln (Po) + 0,622 0,075 × ln (Po) + 0,561 Po > 51,0 Вl 0,870 0,860 5. Иaf_j_gby fhsghklb, jZ\ghc beb ij_\urZxs_c 0,50 Вl, ke_^m_l \uihegylv k g_hij_^_e_gghklvx f_g__ beb jZ\ghc 2 % ijb ^h\_jbl_evghf mjh\g_ 95 %. 6. Иaf_j_gby fhsghklb f_g__ 0,50 Вl ke_^m_l \uihegylv k g_hij_^_e_gghklvx f_g__ beb jZ\ghc 0,01 Вl ijb ^h\_jbl_evghf mjh\g_ 95 %. 7. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d \g_rgbf bklhqgbdZf iblZgby, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) ghfbgZevgh_ \oh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_; [) ghfbgZevgh_ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_; \) ghfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv; ]) wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z; ^) DI>; _) kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI>. 8. В dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 23 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, dhlhju_ ijbeZ]Zxlky ^ey \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby, ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gu \dexqZlvky ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby: bkihevam_fu_ f_lh^u bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby;
6 kj_^g_d\Z^jZlbqgu_ agZq_gby \uoh^gh]h lhdZ (\ fА) b \uoh^gh]h gZijy`_gby (\ В) ^ey (25 ± 2) %, (50 ± 2) %, (75 ± 2) % b (100 ± 2) % ghfbgZevgh]h \uoh^gh]h lhdZ; agZq_gby \uoh^ghc fhsghklb b ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ ijb (25 ± 2) %, (50 ± 2) %, (75 ± 2) % b (100 ± 2) % ghfbgZevgh]h \uoh^gh]h lhdZ; kj_^g_d\Z^jZlbqgu_ agZq_gby \oh^gh]h gZijy`_gby (\ В) b \oh^ghc fhsghklb (\ Вl) ijb 0 % ([_a gZ]jmadb), (25 ± 2) %, (50 ± 2) %, (75 ± 2) %, b (100 ± 2) % ghfbgZevgh]h \uoh^gh]h lhdZ; kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ]Zjfhgbq_kdbo khklZ\eyxsbo k_lb we_dljhiblZgby b bklbgguc dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb ijb 0 % ([_a gZ]jmadb), (25 ± 2) %, (50 ± 2) %, (75 ± 2) % b (100 ± 2) % ghfbgZevgh]h \uoh^gh]h lhdZ. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) \g_rgbo bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc h[jZa_p (wda_fieyj) \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby dZ`^hc fh^_eb \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby. Fh^_ev \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z g_ ij_\urZ_l [he__ q_f gZ 0,10 Вl ^himklbfh]h ij_^_evgh]h agZq_gby, mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ imgdl_ 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, Z kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ DI> – g_ gb`_ [he__ q_f gZ 5 % ^himklbfh]h ij_^_evgh]h agZq_gby, mklZgh\e_ggh]h imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. ?keb ihemq_ggu_ agZq_gby g_ khhl\_lkl\mxl mdZaZgguf agZq_gbyf, bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\_klb \ hlghr_gbb
7 3 ^hihegbl_evguo h[jZaph\ \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ^Zgghc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 h[jZaph\ g_ ij_\urZ_l ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ, [he__ q_f gZ \_ebqbgm. В bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 11 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эgеj]еlbqеkdhc эnnеdlb\ghklb pbjdmeяpbhggыo gZkhkh\ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) ]_jf_lbqgu_ ([_kkZevgbdh\u_) pbjdmeypbhggu_ gZkhku Z\lhghfgu_ b bgl_]jbjh\Zggu_ (\kljh_ggu_ \ ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_), aZ bkdexq_gb_f ke_^mxsbo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\: Z) ^ey iblv_\hc \h^u, bf_xsbo gZ miZdh\d_ b \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo d gbf mdZaZgb_ gZ lh, qlh ^Zgguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk ij_^gZagZq_g lhevdh ^ey iblv_\hc \h^u; [) \uimkdZ_fuo \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ \ l_q_gb_ 5 e_l kh ^gy \klmie_gby \ kbem l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ KhxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl) \ dZq_kl\_ aZiZkguo qZkl_c ^ey aZf_gu pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, \kljh_gguo \ ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, \uims_ggh_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ ^h \klmie_gby \ kbem l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ijb mkeh\bb, qlh \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo gZ lZdhc bgl_]jbjh\Zgguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk mdZaZgh
2 h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ^ey \kljZb\Zgby \ dhlhjh_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^Zggu_ gZkhku. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, l_e_\bahju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Z\lhghfguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk» – pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk, jZ[hlZxsbc Z\lhghfgh hl h[hjm^h\Zgby; «\kljh_gguc \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk» – pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey jZ[hlu \ dZq_kl\_ qZklb h[hjm^h\Zgby, ijb wlhf bf__l f_klh ih djZcg_c f_j_ h^gZ ba dhgkljmdlb\guo hkh[_gghkl_c: dhjimk gZkhkZ ijbkihkh[e_g ^ey fhglZ`Z b bkihevah\Zgby \ khklZ\_ h[hjm^h\Zgby; pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey bkihevah\Zgby h[hjm^h\Zgby k j_]mebjh\Zgb_f kdhjhklb; pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk bf__l oZjZdl_jbklbdb [_ahiZkghklb, g_ ih^oh^ysb_ ^ey Z\lhghfghc jZ[hlu (deZkk aZsblu IP); pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk jZkkfZljb\Z_lky dZd qZklv h[hjm^h\Zgby, ih^e_`Zs_]h ih^l\_j`^_gbx khhl\_lkl\by; «]_jf_lbqguc ([_kkZevgbdh\uc) pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk» – pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk, jZ[hq__ dhe_kh dhlhjh]h g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh
3 kh_^bg_gh k \Zehf ^\b]Zl_ey, ih]jm`_ggh]h \ i_j_dZqb\Z_fmx `b^dhklv; «dhjimk gZkhkZ» – qZklv ehiZklgh]h gZkhkZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey kh_^bg_gby k ljm[hc kbkl_fu hlhie_gby beb \lhjbqgh]h dhglmjZ jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_fu hoeZ`^_gby; «h[hjm^h\Zgb_» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ ]_g_jbjm_l b (beb) i_j_^Z_l l_ieh; «pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk» – ehiZklguc gZkhk k dhjimkhf beb [_a dhjimkZ, jZkkqblZgguc gZ ghfbgZevgmx ]b^jZ\ebq_kdmx fhsghklv hl 1 <l ^h 2 500 <l b ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ kbkl_fZo hlhie_gby beb \h \lhjbqguo dhglmjZo jZkij_^_e_gguo kbkl_f hoeZ`^_gby; «pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk ^ey iblv_\hc \h^u» – pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk, jZajZ[hlZgguc ki_pbZevgh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ kbkl_f_ j_pbjdmeypbb \h^u, ij_^gZagZq_gghc ^ey ihlj_[e_gby q_eh\_dhf. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. Иa]hlh\bl_e_f ^he`_g [ulv ijhba\_^_g jZkq_l bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ k g_h[oh^bfufb bkiulZgbyfb (baf_j_gbyfb). 4. JZkq_l bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ (djhf_ pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, \kljh_gguo \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ i_j\bqguo dhglmjZo kheg_qghc kbkl_fu h[h]j_\Z b \ l_ieh\uo gZkhkZo) hkms_kl\ey_lky \ ke_^mxs_f ihjy^d_. ?keb pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk fh`_l jZ[hlZlv gZ 2 beb [he__ jZ[hqbo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo, ij_^klZ\eyxsbo kh[hc aZ\bkbfhklv
4 gZihjZ (G) hl ih^Zqb (Q), lh baf_j_gb_ g_h[oh^bfh \uihegylv gZ oZjZdl_jbklbd_, dhlhjZy h[_ki_qb\Z_l ^hklb`_gb_ fZdkbfZevguo agZq_gbc ijhba\_^_gby Q × H. GZihj (G) ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc \ukhlm \h^ygh]h klhe[Z \ f_ljZo, h[jZam_fmx pbjdmeypbhgguf gZkhkhf \ mdZaZgghc jZ[hq_c lhqd_. Ih^ZqZ (Q) hagZqZ_l h[t_fgmx kdhjhklv ihlhdZ \h^u, ijhoh^ys_c q_j_a pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk \ f 3 /q. GZoh^yl lhqdm, \ dhlhjhc ijhba\_^_gb_ Q × H bf__l fZdkbfZevgmx \_ebqbgm, b hij_^_eyxl ih^Zqm b gZihj \ wlhc lhqd_ dZd: Q100 % b G100 %. JZkkqblu\Zxl ]b^jZ\ebq_kdmx fhsghklv (Phyd) \ wlhc lhqd_. =b^jZ\ebq_kdZy fhsghklv ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc Zjbnf_lbq_kdh_ ijhba\_^_gb_ ih^Zqb (Q), gZihjZ (G) b dhwnnbpb_glZ. «Jhyd» – ]b^jZ\ebq_kdZy fhsghklv (\ <l), i_j_^Z\Z_fZy pbjdmeypbhgguf gZkhkhf `b^dhklb, i_j_dZqb\Z_fhc \ hij_^_e_gghc jZ[hq_c lhqd_. JZkkqblu\Zxl dhgljhevgmx fhsghklv ^ey ^bZiZahgZ ]b^jZ\ebq_kdhc fhsghklb 1 <l ≤ Phyd ≤ 2500 <l ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: Pref = 1,7 × Phyd + 17 × (1 – ), ]^_ Jref – dhgljhevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (\ <l) pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ. DhgljhevgZy fhsghklv ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc khhlghr_gb_ f_`^m ]b^jZ\ebq_kdhc fhsghklvx b ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ, k mq_lhf aZ\bkbfhklb wnn_dlb\ghklb pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ hl _]h jZaf_jZ. Hij_^_eyxl hihjgmx dhgljhevgmx ebgbx dZd ijyfmx ebgbx
5 f_`^m lhqdZfb (Q 100 %, H100 %) b (Q0 %, ), dZd ihdZaZgh gZ jbkmgd_ 1. Jbk. 1. HihjgZy dhgljhevgZy ebgby pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ. <u[bjZxl gZkljhcdm pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ, ]ZjZglbjmxsmx, qlh ^ey pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ ijhba\_^_gb_ Q × H gZ \u[jZgghc ebgbb ^hklb]Z_l fZdkbfmfZ. >ey pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ, \kljh_ggh]h \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, g_h[oh^bfh ke_^h\Zlv dhgljhevghc ebgbb, j_]mebjmy oZjZdl_jbklbdm kbkl_fu b kdhjhklv pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ. ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ kbkl_fu ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ]jZnbd aZ\bkbfhklb gZihjZ hl ih^Zqb (G = f (Q)) \ j_amevlZl_ ^_ckl\by kbe lj_gby \ kbkl_f_ hlhie_gby beb jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_f_ hoeZ`^_gby, dZd ihdZaZgh gZ jbkmgd_ 2. ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ kbkl_fu
6 Jbk. 2. ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ kbkl_fu bgl_]jbjh\Zggh]h pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ. Иaf_jyxl J1 b G gZ ih^ZqZo Q100%, 0,75 × Q100%, 0,5 × Q100% b 0,25 × Q100%, ]^_ J1 – we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv (\ <l), ihlj_[ey_fZy pbjdmeypbhgguf gZkhkhf \ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c jZ[hq_c lhqd_. JZkkqblu\Zxl PL ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf: PL = Href × P1,meas, _keb Hmeas ≤ Href ; Hmeas PL = P1,meas , _keb Hmeas > Href , ]^_: Href – gZihj gZ hihjghc dhgljhevghc ebgbb ijb jZaebqguo ih^ZqZo; P1,meas – baf_j_ggZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv; Hmeas – baf_j_gguc gZihj. Иkihevamxl agZq_gby PL b ihdZaZgguc gZ jbkmgd_ 3 ]jZnbd ijhnbey gZ]jmadb: Jbk. 3. Ijhnbev gZ]jmadb. Ih^ZqZ (%) <j_fy (%) 100 6 75 15 50 35 25 44
7 Kj_^gxx \a\_r_ggmx fhsghklv (JLavg) jZkkqblu\Zxl ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: PL,avg = 0,06 × PL,100% + 0,15 × PL,75% + 0,35 × PL,50% + 0,44 × PL,25%, . Иg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) jZkkqblu\Zxl ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: EEI = PL,avg × K20 % , Pref ]^_: K20 % = 0,49. KХХ % hagZqZ_l ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl, ]ZjZglbjmxsbc, qlh gZ \j_fy hij_^_e_gby ihijZ\hqgh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ lhevdh ХХ % pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ hij_^_e_ggh]h lbiZ bf_xl EEI ≤ 0,20. 5. Иg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, \kljh_gguo \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ i_j\bqguo dhglmjZo kheg_qghc kbkl_fu h[h]j_\Z b \ l_ieh\uo gZkhkZo, jZkkqblu\Zxl ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: EEI = PL,avg × K20 % × (1- ) , Pref ]^_: ns – aZ^ZggZy kdhjhklv \jZs_gby pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ \ h[hjhlZo \ fbgmlm (h[/fbg), jZkkqblu\Z_fZy ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_:
8 ns = 75,0 %100 %100%100 60H Qn , ]^_ n100 % – kdhjhklv \jZs_gby pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ \ h[/fbg, hij_^_e_ggZy ijb Q100% b H100 %. 6. ИkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ihdZaZl_e_c ijh\h^ylky ijb ke_^mxsbo mkeh\byo: Z) Z\lhghfguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk \ dhjimk_ ^he`_g bkiulu\Zlvky dZd _^bgh_ p_eh_; [) Z\lhghfguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk [_a dhjimkZ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg k dhjimkhf, b^_glbqguf dhjimkm gZkhkZ, ij_^gZagZq_gghfm ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k gZkhkhf; \) bgl_]jbjh\Zgguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk ^he`_g [ulv ^_fhglbjh\Zg ba h[hjm^h\Zgby b bkiulZg \f_kl_ k dhjimkhf gZkhkZ k \oh^guf b \uoh^guf ihjlZfb gZ h^ghc hkb, ihklZ\ey_fuf ba]hlh\bl_e_f b ij_^gZagZq_gguf ^ey ih^dexq_gby d ljm[hijh\h^m kbkl_fu hlhie_gby beb \lhjbqghfm dhglmjm jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_fu hoeZ`^_gby; ]) pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk [_a dhjimkZ, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey \kljZb\Zgby \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg \f_kl_ k dhjimkhf gZkhkZ k \oh^guf b \uoh^guf ihjlZfb gZ h^ghc hkb, ihklZ\ey_fuf ba]hlh\bl_e_f b ij_^gZagZq_gguf ^ey ih^dexq_gby d ljm[hijh\h^m kbkl_fu hlhie_gby beb \lhjbqghfm dhglmjm jZkij_^_e_gghc kbkl_fu hoeZ`^_gby. 7. IhdZaZl_eb bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv: Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) Z\lhghfguo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, djhf_ gZkhkh\, ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_gguo lhevdh ^ey i_j\bqguo dhglmjh\ l_ieh\uo kheg_qguo
9 kbkl_f b l_ieh\uo gZkhkh\, ^he`_g [ulv g_ [he__ 0,27; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) Z\lhghfguo b bgl_]jbjh\Zgguo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ^he`_g [ulv g_ [he__ 0,23. 8. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d pbjdmeypbhgguf gZkhkZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv: ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (??I) pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, mdZaZgguc \ fZjdbjh\d_ gZkhkZ, gZ _]h miZdh\d_ b \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo \ nhjf_ «??I ≤ 0,ДХХЖ»; [) ^ey Z\lhghfguo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ aZibkv: «Djbl_jbc khhl\_lkl\by gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\guo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ??I ≤ 0,20; \) ^ey pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey iblv_\hc \h^u, bgnhjfZpbx h gZagZq_gbb: «>Zgguc pbjdmeypbhgguc gZkhk ij_^gZagZq_g lhevdh ^ey iblv_\hc \h^u». LZdZy bgnhjfZpby mdZau\Z_lky lZd`_ gZ miZdh\d_ pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ; ]) bgnhjfZpbx, dZkZxsmxky jZa[hjdb, ih\lhjgh]h bkihevah\Zgby b mlbebaZpbb gZkhkZ. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkh\ ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb
10 (EEI) lbih\h]h wda_fieyjZ fh^_eb pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ g_ ij_\urZ_l agZq_gby, mklZgh\e_ggu_ ^ey wlhc fh^_eb pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc [he__ q_f gZ 7 %. < bguo kemqZyo bkiulZgbyf (baf_j_gbyf) ih^\_j]Zxl 3 kemqZcgh hlh[jZgguo pbjdmeypbhgguo gZkhkZ ^Zgghc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) wlbo 3 lbih\uo wda_fieyjh\ pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ g_ ij_\urZ_l agZq_gby, mdZaZggh]h \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev pbjdmeypbhggh]h gZkhkZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 12 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИЯ d эg_j]_lbч_kdhc эфф_dlb\ghklb \_glbeяlhjh\ k эe_dljhijb\h^hf I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) \_glbeylhju k we_dljhijb\h^hf, Z\lhghfgu_ b \kljh_ggu_ \ ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_, fhsghklvx hl 125 Вl (\dexqbl_evgh) ^h 500 dВl (\dexqbl_evgh) b gZijy`_gb_f iblZgby ^h 1000 В (\dexqbl_evgh) i_j_f_ggh]h b ^h 1500 В (\dexqbl_evgh) ihklhyggh]h lhdZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f dhfgZlguo \_glbeylhjh\ b \_glbeylhjh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey: Z) jZ[hlu \h \aju\hhiZkguo, lhdkbqguo, \uau\Zxsbo dhjjhabx b kh^_j`Zsbo Z[jZab\gmx iuev kj_^Zo; [) wdkiemZlZpbb ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ ^\b`msboky ]Zah\ k\ur_ 100 K; \) wdkiemZlZpbb ijb jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmj_ kj_^u, hdjm`Zxs_c we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev \_glbeylhjZ, k\ur_ 65 K; ]) wdkiemZlZpbb ijb kj_^g_]h^h\hc l_fi_jZlmj_ ih^\b`guo ]Zah\ b (beb) kj_^g_]h^h\hc l_fi_jZlmj_, hdjm`Zxs_c we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev \_glbeylhjZ, gb`_ fbgmk 40 K;
2 ^) lhevdh djZldh\j_f_gghc jZ[hlu \ qj_a\uqZcguo, Z\Zjbcguo b wdklj_gguo kemqZyo; _) \kljZb\Zgby: \ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ k h^gbf we_dljh^\b]Zl_e_f fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 3 dВl, ijb\h^ysbf \ ^\b`_gb_ \_glbeylhj b kem`Zsbf ^ey \uiheg_gby ^jm]bo nmgdpbc, dhlhju_ y\eyxlky hkgh\gufb ^ey ^Zggh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby; \ kmrbedb ^ey [_evy b klbjZevgh-kmrbevgu_ fZrbgu k ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 3 dВl; \ dmohggu_ \uly`db b \ha^mohhqbklbl_eb k ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx f_g__ 280 Вl. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb \_glbeylhjh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, \_glbeylhju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «\_glbeylhj» – fZrbgZ k \jZsZxsbfbky ehiZklyfb, bkihevam_fZy ^ey ih^^_j`Zgby g_ij_ju\gh]h ihlhdZ ]ZaZ (h[uqgh \ha^moZ), ijhoh^ys_]h kd\hav g__, jZ[hlZ dhlhjhc gZ _^bgbpm fZkku g_ ij_\urZ_l 25 d>`/d] b dhlhjZy jZajZ[hlZgZ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k \kljh_gguf we_dljh^\b]Zl_e_f beb bf__l \kljh_gguc we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev ^ey \jZs_gby djuevqZldb ijb __ hilbfZevghc
3 wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, y\ey_lky hk_\uf \_glbeylhjhf, jZ^bZevguf \_glbeylhjhf, ^bZf_ljZevguf \_glbeylhjhf beb ^bZ]hgZevguf \_glbeylhjhf b fh`_l [ulv hkgZs_gZ ^\b]Zl_e_f beb g_l; «\oh^gh_ gZijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h» – jZkiheh`_ggh_ i_j_^ djuevqZldhc gZijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey gZijZ\e_gby ihlhdZ ]ZaZ \ djuevqZldm, k \hafh`ghklvx j_]mebjh\db beb [_a lZdhc \hafh`ghklb; «\oh^ghc h[t_fguc jZkoh^ (q)» – h[t_f ]ZaZ, ijhoh^ysbc q_j_a \_glbeylhj \ _^bgbpm \j_f_gb (f 3 /k), jZkkqblu\Z_fuc q_j_a ^_e_gb_ fZkku ]ZaZ, i_j_f_s_gghc \_glbeylhjhf (d]/k), gZ iehlghklv wlh]h ]ZaZ gZ \oh^_ \_glbeylhjZ (d]/f 3 ); «\ukhdhwnn_dlb\guc ijb\h^» – ijb\h^ghc f_oZgbaf k bkihevah\Zgb_f j_fgy, rbjbgZ dhlhjh]h [he__ q_f \ljh_ ij_\urZ_l _]h lhesbgm, am[qZlh]h j_fgy beb dhe_kZ; «\uly`ghc \_glbeylhj» – \_glbeylhj, g_ ijbf_gy_fuc \ ke_^mxsbo wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo ba^_ebyo: kmrbedZo ^ey [_evy b klbjZevgh-kmrbevguo fZrbgZo k fZdkbfZevghc we_dljbq_kdhc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx k\ur_ 3 dВl; dhg^bpbhg_jZo \ha^moZ k fZdkbfZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 12 dВl; we_dljhgguo \uqbkebl_evguo fZrbgZo b ^jm]hf h[hjm^h\Zgbb bgnhjfZpbhgguo l_ogheh]bc; «\uoh^gh_ gZijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h» – jZkiheh`_ggh_ ihke_ djuevqZldb gZijZ\eyxs__ mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey gZijZ\e_gby ihlhdZ ]ZaZ hl djuevqZldb, k \hafh`ghklvx j_]mebjh\db beb [_a lZdhc \hafh`ghklb;
4 «]hlh\uc d wdkiemZlZpbb» – ]hlh\uc beb ih^]hlh\e_gguc gZ f_kl_ wdkiemZlZpbb \_glbeylhj, dhlhjuc kh^_j`bl \k_ we_f_glu dhgkljmdpbb, g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb \ wg_j]bx ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ, g_ lj_[mxsbc ^jm]bo dhgkljmdlb\guo we_f_glh\ beb khklZ\guo qZkl_c; «^Z\e_gb_ lhjfh`_gby» – ^Z\e_gb_, baf_j_ggh_ \ lhqd_ ihlhdZ ]ZaZ, _keb [u hg gZoh^beky \ khklhygbb ihdhy ijb bahwgljhibcghf ijhp_kk_; «^bZ]hgZevguc \_glbeylhj» – \_glbeylhj, m dhlhjh]h ]Za ijhoh^bl q_j_a djuevqZldm ih imlb, jZkiheh`_gghfm f_`^m imlyfb ]ZaZ \ jZ^bZevguo b hk_\uo \_glbeylhjZo; «^bZf_ljZevguc \_glbeylhj» – \_glbeylhj, m dhlhjh]h gZijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gby ]ZaZ q_j_a djuevqZldm \ hkgh\ghf ijhoh^bl i_ji_g^bdmeyjgh d hkb djuevqZldb ih __ i_jbf_ljm gZ \oh^_ b \uoh^_; «^bgZfbq_kdh_ ^Z\e_gb_» – ^Z\e_gb_, jZkkqblZggh_ gZ hkgh\Zgbb fZkkh\h]h jZkoh^Z, kj_^g_c iehlghklb ]ZaZ gZ \uoh^_ b \ h[eZklb \hdjm] \uoh^Z \_glbeylhjZ; «dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc» – bkiulZgb_, baf_j_gb_ beb ihjy^hd wdkiemZlZpbb, dhlhju_ hij_^_eyxl iZjZf_lju ihlhdZ gZ \oh^_ b \uoh^_ bkiulm_fh]h \_glbeylhjZ; «dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc A» – ihjy^hd, ijb dhlhjhf baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky gZ \_glbeylhj_ \ mkeh\byo k\h[h^gh]h \oh^Z b \uoh^Z; «dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc B» – ihjy^hd, ijb dhlhjhf baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky gZ \_glbeylhj_ \ mkeh\byo k\h[h^gh]h \oh^Z b k \ha^moh\h^hf gZ \uoh^_; «dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc C» – ihjy^hd, ijb dhlhjhf baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky gZ \_glbeylhj_ \ mkeh\byo k \ha^moh\h^hf gZ \oh^_ b k\h[h^gh]h \uoh^Z;
5 «dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc D» – ihjy^hd, ijb dhlhjhf baf_j_gby ijh\h^ylky gZ \_glbeylhj_ k \ha^moh\h^Zfb gZ \oh^_ b \uoh^_; «dZl_]hjby wnn_dlb\ghklb» – nhjfbjm_fZy gZ \uoh^_ \_glbeylhjZ wg_j]by ]ZaZ, bkihevam_fZy ^ey hij_^_e_gby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjZ, Z lZd`_ ^ey hij_^_e_gby klZlbq_kdh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by beb kmffZjgh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by; «dhevp_\h_ dj_ie_gb_» – dhevp_h[jZagZy ^_lZev, \ dhlhjhc gZoh^blky \_glbeylhj, ^ZxsZy \hafh`ghklv _]h dj_ie_gby \ ijblhqgh- \uly`guo dhgkljmdpbyo; «dhjimk» – h[hehqdZ \hdjm] djuevqZldb, dhlhjZy gZijZ\ey_l ]Za d djuevqZld_, ijh\h^bl kd\hav djuevqZldm b hl\h^bl hl \_glbeylhjZ; «dhwnnbpb_gl k`bfZ_fhklb» – [_ajZaf_jgZy \_ebqbgZ, hij_^_eyxsZy agZq_gb_ k`Zlby, dhlhjhfm ih^\_j]Z_lky ihlhd ]ZaZ \ oh^_ bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc), jZkkqblu\Z_fZy dZd hlghr_gb_ \uiheg_gghc \_glbeylhjhf f_oZgbq_kdhc jZ[hlu gZ^ ]Zahf d jZ[hl_, dhlhjZy \uihegyeZkv [u gZ^ g_ ih^^Zxs_cky k`Zlbx `b^dhklvx k lZdbf `_ fZkkh\uf jZkoh^hf, \oh^ghc iehlghklvx b hlghr_gb_f ^Z\e_gbc \_glbeylhjZ (ijb lhf, qlh ^Z\e_gb_ \_glbeylhjZ – wlh ihegh_ ^Z\e_gb_ (kp) beb klZlbq_kdh_ ^Z\e_gb_ (kps)); «djZldh\j_f_gguc j_`bf jZ[hlu» – j_`bf jZ[hlu ^\b]Zl_ey \_glbeylhjZ ijb ihklhygghc gZ]jmad_ \ l_q_gb_ \j_f_gb, dhlhjh]h g_^hklZlhqgh ^ey ^hklb`_gby l_fi_jZlmjgh]h jZ\gh\_kby; «djuevqZldZ (dhe_kh \_glbeylhjZ)» – qZklv \_glbeylhjZ, dhlhjZy i_j_^Z_l wg_j]bx ihlhdm ]ZaZ; «g_ ]hlh\uc d wdkiemZlZpbb» – \_glbeylhj, dhlhjuc kh[jZg ba g_kdhevdbo khklZ\guo qZkl_c, kh^_j`Zsbo dZd fbgbfmf djuevqZldm, gh dhlhjuc g_h[oh^bfh ^hihegblv h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb khklZ\gufb
6 qZklyfb ^ey kha^Zgby \hafh`ghklb ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb \ wg_j]bx ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ; «gbadhwnn_dlb\guc ijb\h^» – ijb\h^ghc f_oZgbaf k bkihevah\Zgb_f j_fgy, rbjbgZ dhlhjh]h f_g__ q_f \ljh_ ij_\urZ_l _]h lhesbgm, beb k bkihevah\Zgb_f ^jm]h]h \ZjbZglZ ijb\h^gh]h f_oZgbafZ, g_ y\eyxs_]hky \ukhdhwnn_dlb\guf ijb\h^hf; «h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηe)» – klZlbq_kdbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by beb kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, qlh ijbf_gbfh \ dhgdj_lghf kemqZ_; «hk_\hc \_glbeylhj» – \_glbeylhj, i_j_f_sZxsbc ]Za \ gZijZ\e_gbb hkb \jZs_gby djuevqZldb (djuevqZlhd) k nhjfbjh\Zgb_f djuevqZldhc (djuevqZldZfb) \boj_\h]h ^\b]Zxs_]hky ih dZkZl_evghc ihlhdZ (hk_\hc \_glbeylhj fh`_l [ulv k pbebg^jbq_kdbf dhjimkhf beb [_a g_]h, k \oh^guf beb \uoh^guf gZijZ\eyxsbf mkljhckl\hf, k ieZklbgqZluf beb dhevp_\uf dj_ie_gb_f); «ieZklbgqZlh_ dj_ie_gb_» – ieZklbgZ k hl\_jklb_f, \ dhlhjhf aZdj_ie_g \_glbeylhj, ^ZxsZy \hafh`ghklv dj_ie_gby \_glbeylhjZ \ ijblhqgh-\uly`guo dhgkljmdpbyo; «ihegh_ ^Z\e_gb_ (kp)» – dhwnnbpb_gl k`bfZ_fhklb ^ey jZkq_lZ kmffZjghc fhsghklb ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ; «ihegh_ ^Z\e_gb_, kha^Z\Z_fh_ \_glbeylhjhf (pf)» – jZagbpZ f_`^m ^Z\e_gb_f lhjfh`_gby gZ \uoh^_ \_glbeylhjZ b ^Z\e_gb_f lhjfh`_gby gZ \oh^_ \_glbeylhjZ; «ijb\h^ghc f_oZgbaf» – \b^ ijb\h^Z ^ey \_glbeylhjZ (gZijbf_j, k j_f_gghc, am[qZlhc beb njbdpbhgghc i_j_^Zq_c), dhlhjuc g_ y\ey_lky ijyfuf ijb\h^hf;
7 «ijyfhc ijb\h^» – dhgnb]mjZpby ijb\h^Z ^ey \_glbeylhjZ, ijb dhlhjhf djuevqZldZ aZdj_iey_lky gZ \Zem we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh eb[h k ihfhsvx ]b[dh]h \ZeZ b qbkeh h[hjhlh\ djuevqZldb jZ\gh qbkem h[hjhlh\ ^\b]Zl_ey; «jZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv (ηj.w)» – fbgbfZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv, dhlhjmx ^he`_g h[_ki_qb\Zlv \_glbeylhj, qlh[u khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), hij_^_ey_fZy gZ hkgh\_ ihlj_[ey_fhc bf we_dljbq_kdhc fhsghklb \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; «klZlbq_kdbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (psf)» – wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \_glbeylhjh\ gZ hkgh\_ baf_j_ggh]h klZlbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \_glbeylhjhf; «klZlbq_kdh_ ^Z\e_gb_ (kps)» – dhwnnbpb_gl k`bfZ_fhklb ^ey jZkq_lZ klZlbq_kdhc fhsghklb ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ; «klZlbq_kdh_ ^Z\e_gb_, kha^Z\Z_fh_ \_glbeylhjhf (psf)» – ihegh_ ^Z\e_gb_, kha^Z\Z_fh_ \_glbeylhjhf (pf), aZ \uq_lhf kha^Z\Z_fh]h \_glbeylhjhf ^bgZfbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby, mfgh`_ggh]h gZ qbkeh FZoZ; «kl_i_gv k`Zlby» – hlghr_gb_ baf_j_ggh]h gZ \uoh^_ \_glbeylhjZ klZlbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby d baf_j_gghfm klZlbq_kdhfm ^Z\e_gbx gZ \oh^_ \_glbeylhjZ ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; «kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (pf)» – wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \_glbeylhjZ gZ hkgh\_ baf_j_ggh]h ihegh]h ^Z\e_gby, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \_glbeylhjhf;
8 «qbkeh FZoZ» – ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl, ijbf_gy_fuc d ^bgZfbq_kdhfm ^Z\e_gbx \ lhqd_, hij_^_e_gguc dZd ^Z\e_gb_ lhjfh`_gby, mf_gvr_ggh_ gZ agZq_gb_ ^Z\e_gby, hdZau\Z_fh_ \ hlghkbl_evgh g_ih^\b`ghc d hdjm`Zxs_fm ]Zam lhqd_ ih kjZ\g_gbx k Z[khexlguf gme_\uf ^Z\e_gb_f, b ^_e_ggh_ gZ agZq_gb_ ^bgZfbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby; «mjh\_gv wnn_dlb\ghklb (N)» – iZjZf_lj, bkihevam_fuc ijb \uqbke_gbb jZkq_lghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjZ k hij_^_e_gghc ihlj_[ey_fhc we_dljbq_kdhc fhsghklvx \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; «mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby» – ij_h[jZah\Zl_ev, \kljh_gguc \ we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev, beb jZ[hlZxsb_ dZd h^gZ kbkl_fZ we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev–\_glbeylhj, dhlhju_ g_ij_ju\gh ij_h[jZamxl we_dljbq_kdmx wg_j]bx, hl dhlhjhc iblZ_lky we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev, k p_evx mijZ\e_gby \_ebqbghc hl^Z\Z_fhc we_dljh^\b]Zl_e_f f_oZgbq_kdhc fhsghklb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k nmgdpb_c baf_j_gby \_ebqbgu djmlys_]h fhf_glZ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl qZklhlu \jZs_gby we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, aZ bkdexq_gb_f mkljhckl\ mijZ\e_gby gZijy`_gb_f, dhlhju_ baf_gyxl lhevdh gZijy`_gb_ iblZgby we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjh\ 3. AgZq_gb_ h[s_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjZ, hij_^_ey_fhc dZd h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by \_glbeylhjZ (ηe), jZkkqblZggh_ kh]eZkgh ijZ\beZf jZkq_lZ, ijb\_^_gguf \ imgdlZo 4 – 8 gZklhys_]h jZa^_eZ, ^he`gh jZ\gylvky beb ij_\urZlv agZq_gb_ jZkq_lghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (ηj.w.),
9 ijb\_^_gghc \ lZ[ebp_ 1: ^ey \uly`guo \_glbeylhjh\ – c 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z; ^ey \k_o \b^h\ \_glbeylhjh\ – c 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjh\ g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \_glbeylhju, dhlhju_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb: k hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklvx, h[_ki_qb\Z_fhc ijb qZklhl_ \jZs_gby g_ f_g__ 8 000 h[hjhlh\ \ fbgmlm; \ mkeh\byo, ijb dhlhjuo dhwnnbpb_gl k`Zlby ij_\urZ_l 1,11; \ dZq_kl\_ ljZgkihjlbjh\hqguo \_glbeylhjh\ ^ey i_j_f_s_gby g_]Zahh[jZaguo \_s_kl\. >ey \_glbeylhjh\ ^\hcgh]h ijbf_g_gby, ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey bkihevah\Zgby dZd \ ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo, lZd b \ qj_a\uqZcguo kblmZpbyo \ djZldh\j_f_gghf j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k mq_lhf lj_[h\Zgbc ijhlb\hih`Zjghc aZsblu, ^himklbfufb y\eyxlky mjh\gb wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb f_gvr_ mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 1: gZ 10 % ^ey \uly`guo \_glbeylhjh\ c 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z; gZ 5 % ^ey \k_o \b^h\ \_glbeylhjh\ c 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. LZ[ebpZ 1 JZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv ^ey jZaebqguo lbih\ \_glbeylhjh\ Lbi \_glbeylhjZ DZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D) KlZlbq_kdbc beb kmffZjguc DI> >bZiZahg fhsghkl_c (P), dВl JZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv (ηj.w.)* Hk_\hc \_glbeylhj A, C klZlbq_kdbc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 2,74 × lnP – 6,33 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 0,78 × lnP – 1,88 + N B, D kmffZjguc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 2,74 × lnP – 6,33 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 0,78 × lnP – 1,88 + N
10 Lbi \_glbeylhjZ DZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D) KlZlbq_kdbc beb kmffZjguc DI> >bZiZahg fhsghkl_c (P), dВl JZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv (ηj.w.)* JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb \i_j_^ ehiZklyfb b k ijyfufb jZ^bZevgufb ehiZklyfb A, C klZlbq_kdbc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 2,74 × lnP – 6,33 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 0,78 × lnP – 1,88 + N B, D kmffZjguc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 2,74 × lnP – 6,33 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 0,78 × lnP – 1,88 + N JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb gZaZ^ ehiZklyfb [_a dhjimkZ A, C klZlbq_kdbc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 4,56 × lnP – 10,5 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 1,1 × lnP – 2,6 + N JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb gZaZ^ ehiZklyfb \ dhjimk_ A, C klZlbq_kdbc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 4,56 × lnP – 10,5 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 1,1 × lnP – 2,6 + N B, D kmffZjguc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 4,56 × lnP – 10,5 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 1,1 × lnP – 2,6 + N >bZ]hgZevguc \_glbeylhj A, C klZlbq_kdbc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 4,56 × lnP – 10,5 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 1,1 × lnP – 2,6 + N B, D kmffZjguc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 4,56 × lnP – 10,5 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = 1,1 × lnP – 2,6 + N >bZf_ljZevguc \_glbeylhj B, D kmffZjguc 0,125 ≤ P ≤ 10 ηj.w. = 1,14 × lnP – 2,6 + N 10 < P ≤ 500 ηj.w. = N * AgZq_gby mjh\gy wnn_dlb\ghklb (N) ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 2. LZ[ebpZ 2 Mjh\_gv wnn_dlb\ghklb (N) \_glbeylhjh\ Lbi \_glbeylhjZ DZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D) Mjh\_gv wnn_dlb\ghklb (N) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z Hk_\hc \_glbeylhj A, C 36 40 B, D 50 58
11 Lbi \_glbeylhjZ DZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D) Mjh\_gv wnn_dlb\ghklb (N) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb \i_j_^ ehiZklyfb b jZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k ijyfufb jZ^bZevgufb ehiZklyfb A, C 37 44 B, D 42 49 JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb gZaZ^ ehiZklyfb [_a dhjimkZ A, C 58 62 JZ^bZevguc \_glbeylhj k aZ]gmlufb gZaZ^ ehiZklyfb \ dhjimk_ A, C 58 61 B, D 61 64 >bZ]hgZevguc \_glbeylhj A, C 47 50 B, D 58 62 >bZf_ljZevguc \_glbeylhj B, D 13 21 4. IjZ\beZ jZkq_lZ iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjZ hkgh\Zgu gZ hlghr_gbb f_`^m fhsghklvx ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ b ihlj_[ey_fhc we_dljbq_kdhc fhsghklvx we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, ijb wlhf fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ y\ey_lky ijhba\_^_gb_f jZkoh^Z ]ZaZ b jZagbpu ^Z\e_gbc f_`^m \oh^hf b \uoh^hf \_glbeylhjZ. >Z\e_gb_ y\ey_lky klZlbq_kdbf ^Z\e_gb_f beb iheguf ^Z\e_gb_f, dhlhjh_ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc kmffm klZlbq_kdh]h b ^bgZfbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gbc \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl dZl_]hjbb baf_j_gbc b mjh\gy wnn_dlb\ghklb. 5. ?keb \_glbeylhj ihklZ\ey_lky ]hlh\uf d wdkiemZlZpbb, lh fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ b ihlj_[ey_fmx
12 we_dljbq_kdmx fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey ke_^m_l baf_jylv \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb: Z) ^ey \_glbeylhjh\ [_a j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ηe = Pu(s) / Je , ]^_: ηe – h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by; Pu(s) – fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ, hij_^_e_ggZy \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; Pe – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, baf_j_ggZy gZ \u\h^Zo we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; [) ^ey \_glbeylhjh\ k j_]mebjh\dhc qZklhlu \jZs_gby h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ηe = (Pu(s)/Pe(d)) × Cc , ]^_: ηe – h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by; Pu(s) – fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ, hij_^_e_ggZy \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb;
13 Pe(d) – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, baf_j_ggZy gZ \u\h^Zo j_]meylhjZ kdhjhklb \jZs_gby, ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb; Cc – ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb, jZkkqblu\Z_fuc ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: Cc = – 0,03 × ln(Pe(d)) + 1,088, ijb Pe(d) < 5 dВl, Cc = 1,04 ijb Pe(d) ≥ 5 dВl. 6. ?keb \_glbeylhj ihklZ\ey_lky g_ ]hlh\uf d wdkiemZlZpbb, lh h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb djuevqZldb jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ηe = ηr · ηm · ηT · Cm · Cc , ]^_: ηe – h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by; ηr – wnn_dlb\ghklv djuevqZldb, khhl\_lkl\mxsZy Pu(s)/Pa , ]^_: Pu(s) – fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ, hij_^_e_ggZy \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb djuevqZldb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 7 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ; Pa – fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb djuevqZldb; ηm – ghfbgZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \oh^ys_]h \ dhfie_dl we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, ij_^mkfhlj_ggZy ijbeh`_gb_f № 3 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm. ?keb ^\b]Zl_ev g_ \oh^bl \ h[eZklv ijbf_g_gby mdZaZggh]h
14 ijbeh`_gby beb hlkmlkl\m_l \ dhfie_dl_ ihklZ\db \_glbeylhjZ, lh ghfbgZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv (ηm) ^\b]Zl_ey hij_^_ey_lky gZ hkgh\Zgbb ke_^mxsbo agZq_gbc: _keb j_dhf_g^m_fZy ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey Pe ≥ 0,75 dВl, lh ghfbgZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ηm= 0,000278 × (x 3 ) – 0,019247 × (x 2 ) + 0,104395 × x + 0,809761, ]^_: x = lg(Pe); Pe – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, baf_j_ggZy gZ \u\h^Zo we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; _keb j_dhf_g^m_fZy ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey Pe < 0,75 dВl, lh ghfbgZevgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ηm = 0,1462 × ln(Pe) + 0,8381, ]^_: Pe – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey, baf_j_ggZy gZ \u\h^Zo we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey ijb jZ[hl_ \_glbeylhjZ \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb. Ijb wlhf ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey (Pe), j_dhf_g^m_fZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f \_glbeylhjZ, ^he`gZ [ulv ^hklZlhqghc, qlh[u \_glbeylhj ^hklb]Ze k\h_c hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb k mq_lhf h[mkeh\e_gguo ijb\h^hf ihl_jv);
15 ηT – wnn_dlb\ghklv f_oZgbafZ ijb\h^Z, ^ey dhlhjhc bkihevamxlky ke_^mxsb_ ghfbgZevgu_ agZq_gby: ijb ijyfhf ijb\h^_: ηT = 1,0; _keb ijb\h^ghc f_oZgbaf y\ey_lky gbadhwnn_dlb\guf ijb\h^hf, lh: ^ey Pa ≥ 5 dВl – ηT = 0,96; ^ey 1 dВl <Pa< 5 dВl – ηT = 0,0175 × Pa + 0,8725; ^ey Pa ≤ 1 dВl – ηT = 0,89; _keb ijb\h^ghc f_oZgbaf y\ey_lky \ukhdhwnn_dlb\guf ijb\h^hf, lh: ^ey Pa ≥ 5 dВl – ηT = 0,98; ^ey 1 dВl <Pa< 5 dВl – ηT = 0,01 × Pa + 0,93; ^ey Pa ≤ 1 dВl – ηT = 0,94; Cm – ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl, mqblu\Zxsbc kh]eZkh\Zgb_ khklZ\guo qZkl_c, jZ\guc 0,9; Cc – ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb, jZ\guc: _keb we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev [_a j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby – Cc = 1,0; _keb we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev k j_]mebjh\dhc qZklhlu \jZs_gby b Pe(d) ≥ 5 dВl – Cc = 1,04; _keb we_dljh^\b]Zl_ev k j_]mebjh\dhc qZklhlu \jZs_gby b Pe(d) < 5 dВl – Cc = – 0,03 ln(Pe(d)) + 1,088. 7. Fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ Pu(s) \ dВl jZkkqblu\Z_lky kh]eZkgh \u[jZgghfm ba]hlh\bl_e_f f_lh^m dhgljhey ^ey dZl_]hjbb baf_j_gbc: Z) _keb baf_j_gby gZ \_glbeylhj_ ijh\h^bebkv kh]eZkgh dZl_]hjbb baf_j_gbc A beb K lh ijbf_gy_lky klZlbq_kdZy fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ, jZkkqblZggZy ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_:
16 Pu(s) = q × psf × kps ; [) _keb baf_j_gby gZ \_glbeylhj_ ijh\h^bebkv kh]eZkgh dZl_]hjbb baf_j_gbc B beb D, lh ijbf_gy_lky kmffZjgZy fhsghklv ]Zah\h]h ihlhdZ \_glbeylhjZ, jZkkqblZggZy ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: Pu = q × pf × kp ; 8. Ijbf_gyxlky ke_^mxsb_ f_lh^u hij_^_e_gby jZkq_lghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl dhgkljmdpbb \_glbeylhjZ: Z) ^ey hk_\uo \_glbeylhjh\, jZ^bZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ k \i_j_^ aZ]gmlufb ehiZklyfb b jZ^bZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ k ijyfufb jZ^bZevgufb ehiZklyfb (k \kljh_gguf hk_\uf \_glbeylhjhf) jZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf: ηj.w. = 2,74 × ln(P) – 6,33 + N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 0,125 dВl ^h 10 dВl; ηj.w. = 0,78 × ln(P) – 1,88 + N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 10 dВl ^h 500 dВl; ]^_: P – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey Pe(d); N – p_eh_ qbkeh lj_[m_fh]h mjh\gy wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; [) ^ey jZ^bZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ k gZaZ^ aZ]gmlufb ehiZklyfb [_a dhjimkZ, jZ^bZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ k gZaZ^ aZ]gmlufb ehiZklyfb k dhjimkhf b ^bZ]hgZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ jZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf:
17 ηj.w. = 4,56 × ln(P) – 10,5 + N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 0,125 dВl ^h 10 dВl; ηj.w. = 1,1 × ln(P) – 2,6 + N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 10 dВl ^h 500 dВl; ]^_: P – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey Pe(d); N – p_eh_ qbkeh lj_[m_fh]h mjh\gy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb; \) ^ey ^bZf_ljZevguo \_glbeylhjh\ jZkq_lgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf: ηj.w. = 1,14 · ln(P) – 2,6 + N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 0,125 dВl ^h 10 dВl; ηj.w. = N – ^ey fhsghkl_c P hl 10 dВl ^h 500 dВl; ]^_: P – ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey Pe(d); N – p_eh_ qbkeh lj_[m_fh]h mjh\gy wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb. 9. В fZjdbjh\d_ \_glbeylhjZ, ij_^mkfhlj_gghc imgdlhf 10 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlvky ke_^mxsb_ iZjZf_lju b oZjZdl_jbklbdb _]h wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb: agZq_gb_ h[s_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (ηe,) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ); dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D), bkihevah\ZggZy ^ey hij_^_e_gby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; dZl_]hjby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (klZlbq_kdbc beb kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by); ijb gZebqbb j_]mebjh\db kdhjhklb aZibkv «Вf_kl_ k \_glbeylhjhf ^he`gh fhglbjh\Zlvky mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu
18 \jZs_gby» beb aZibkv «В \_glbeylhj \kljh_gh mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby». 10. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d \_glbeylhjZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) agZq_gb_ h[s_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (ηe) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ); [) dZl_]hjby baf_j_gbc (A – D), bkihevah\ZggZy ^ey hij_^_e_gby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; \) dZl_]hjby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (klZlbq_kdbc beb kmffZjguc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by); ]) ijb gZebqbb j_]mebjh\db kdhjhklb aZibkv «Вf_kl_ k \_glbeylhjhf ^he`gh fhglbjh\Zlvky mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby» beb aZibkv «В \_glbeylhj \kljh_gh mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db qZklhlu \jZs_gby»; ^) mjh\_gv wnn_dlb\ghklb \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; _) dhebq_kl\h h[hjhlh\ \ fbgmlm \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; `) k\_^_gby h ghfbgZevghc(uo) ihlj_[ey_fhc(uo) fhsghklb(yo) ^\b]Zl_ey \ dВl, ijhba\h^bl_evghklb (ijhba\h^bl_evghklyo) b ^Z\e_gbb (^Z\e_gbyo) \ mkeh\byo hilbfZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; a) \_ebqbgZ dhwnnbpb_glZ k`Zlby; b) k\_^_gby, g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey h[_ki_q_gby hilbfZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u \_glbeylhjh\ ijb bo mklZgh\d_, wdkiemZlZpbb b l_ogbq_kdhf h[kem`b\Zgbb; d) bgnhjfZpby ih jZa[hjd_, i_j_jZ[hld_, mlbebaZpbb \_glbeylhjh\ b fbgbfbaZpbb bo \ha^_ckl\by gZ hdjm`Zxsmx kj_^m.
19 11. В dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, mdZaZgguo \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 25 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^ey \_glbeylhjh\ ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gZ [ulv \dexq_gZ bgnhjfZpby h lZdbo bkihevam_fuo ijb hij_^_e_gbb wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjh\ ^_lZeyo b qZklyo h[hjm^h\Zgby, dZd \ha^moh\h^u, dhlhju_ g_ mdZaZgu \ dZl_]hjbb baf_j_gbc b g_ ihklZ\eyxlky \f_kl_ k \_glbeylhjhf. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \_glbeylhjh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 12. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) \_glbeylhjh\ ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj dZ`^hc fh^_eb \_glbeylhjZ. Fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb h[sbc dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηe) \_glbeylhjZ khklZ\ey_l dZd fbgbfmf 90 % jZkq_lghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, hij_^_e_gghc kh]eZkgh imgdlZf 3 – 8 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc ijb khhl\_lkl\mxsbo mjh\gyo wnn_dlb\ghklb. В bguo kemqZyo: ^ey \_glbeylhjh\, dhlhju_ ba]hlZ\eb\Zxlky \ dhebq_kl\_ f_g__ 5 rlmd \ ]h^, kqblZ_lky, qlh fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ; ^ey \_glbeylhjh\, dhlhju_ ba]hlZ\eb\Zxlky \ dhebq_kl\_ 5 beb [he__ 5 \ ]h^, ih^\_j]Zxl bkiulZgbyf (baf_j_gbyf) 3 ^jm]bo kemqZcgh \u[jZgguo lbih\uo wda_fieyjZ dZ`^hc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ kqblZ_lky hl\_qZxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc h[s_]h dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (ηe) wlbo 3 lbih\uo wda_fieyjh\
20 (h[jZaph\) \_glbeylhjZ khklZ\ey_l g_ f_g__ \_ebqbgu, mdZaZgghc \ Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. В bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 13 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxщ_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, imkdhj_]mebjmxщbo ZiiZjZlh\ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey lZdbo eZfi I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) gZ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ]ZahjZajy^gu_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu (IJА) b k\_lbevgbdb ^ey lZdbo eZfi, lZd`_ _keb hgb \kljh_gu \ ^jm]mx wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsmx ijh^mdpbx, aZ bkdexq_gb_f: Z) eZfi (djhf_ gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby), dhlhju_ g_ y\eyxlky bklhqgbdZfb [_eh]h k\_lZ; [) gZljb_\uo eZfi ^ey hk\_s_gby l_iebp; \) eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ; ]) ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby kf_rZggh]h k\_lZ, m dhlhjuo: ba kmffZjgh]h baemq_gby \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 250 b 780 gf dZd fbgbfmf 6 % gZoh^blky \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 250 b 400 gf;
2 ba kmffZjgh]h baemq_gby \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 250 b 780 gf dZd fbgbfmf 11 % gZoh^blky \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 630 b 780 gf; ba kmffZjgh]h baemq_gby \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 250 b 780 gf dZd fbgbfmf 5 % gZoh^blky \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 640 b 700 gf; ibd baemq_gby gZoh^blky \ ^bZiZahg_ f_`^m 315 b 400 gf (UVA – mevljZnbhe_lh\h_ baemq_gb_ lbiZ А) beb 280 b 315 gf (UVB – mevljZnbhe_lh\h_ baemq_gb_ lbiZ B); ^) ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi kh ke_^mxsbfb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb: ^bZf_lj g_ [he__ 7 ff (T2); ^bZf_lj 16 ff (T5) b fhsghklv eZfiu Pe ≤ 13 <l beb > 80 <l; ^bZf_lj 38 ff (T12), G-13-^\morlujvdh\uc phdhev, ij_^_evgu_ agZq_gby p\_lgh]h k\_lhnbevljZ 5f (+ imjimjguc p\_l, – a_e_guc), p\_lh\u_ dhhj^bgZlu б = 0,330, y = 0,335 b б = 0,415, y = 0,377; ^bZf_lj 38 ff (T12) b \g_rgb_ aZ`b]Zxsb_ ihehku; _) h^ghphdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi kh ke_^mxsbfb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb: ^bZf_lj 16 ff (T5), q_luj_orlujvdh\uc phdhev 2G11, Tc = 5 500 K, dhhj^bgZlu p\_lghklb б = 0,330 b в = 0,335 b Lk = 3 200 k dhhj^bgZlZfb p\_lghklb o = 0,415 b m = 0,377; `) ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, bf_xsbo p\_lh\mx l_fi_jZlmjm Tk > 7 000 K; a) ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k fhsghklvx UV > 2 f<l/def; b) ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k phdhe_f, hlebqZxsbfky hl phdhe_c E27, E40 beb PGГ12;
3 d) eZfi, ijbf_gyxsboky \ dhfivxl_jZo, nhlhdhibjh\Zevguo ijb[hjZo, h[hjm^h\Zgbb ^ey kheyjb_\, hk\_s_gby l_jjZjbmfh\ b ih^h[gh]h ijbf_g_gby; e) ijh^mdpbb, dhlhjZy g_ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey h[s_]h hk\_s_gby beb ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k eZfiZfb, mdZaZggufb \ ih^imgdlZo «\» – «^» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ, b dhlhjZy \kljh_gZ \ ^jm]mx ijh^mdpbx, kem`Zsmx g_ ^ey h[s_]h hk\_s_gby; f) k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey Z\Zjbcgh]h hk\_s_gby b k\_lbevgbdh\, dhlhju_ bkihevamxlky \ dZq_kl\_ kb]gZevguo; g) imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\, dhlhju_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k mdZaZggufb \ ih^imgdl_ «f» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ k\_lbevgbdZfb b kdhgkljmbjh\Zgu ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k eZfiZfb \ Z\Zjbcguo kblmZpbyo. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey lZdbo eZfi ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, wlb mkljhckl\Z ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ke_^mxsb_ ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «\g_rgyy h[hehqdZ eZfiu» – \lhjZy (\g_rgyy) h[hehqdZ eZfiu, dhlhjZy g_ lj_[m_lky ^ey ]_g_jZpbb k\_lZ, gZijbf_j, \g_rgyy dhe[Z, dhlhjZy ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlv hilbfZevgu_ mkeh\by jZ[hlu ]hj_edb,
4 ij_iylkl\h\Zlv \uoh^m mevljZnbhe_lh\h]h baemq_gby b (beb) jZkk_b\Zlv k\_l b ij_^hl\jZsZlv ihiZ^Zgb_ jlmlb b kl_deZ \ hdjm`Zxsmx kj_^m ijb jZa[b\Zgbb ]hj_edb; «]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ» – jZajy^gZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc hilbq_kdh_ baemq_gb_ \hagbdZ_l \ j_amevlZl_ we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z \ ]Za_; «]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby» – ]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc k\_lhbaemqZxsZy we_dljbq_kdZy ^m]Z klZ[bebabjm_lky l_fi_jZlmjhc kl_ghd ]hj_edb b l_ieh\Zy gZ]jmadZ gZ kl_gdb dhe[u ij_\urZ_l 3 <l/kf 2 ; «ba[ulhqguc k\_l» – qZklv k\_lZ hk\_lbl_evgh]h mkljhckl\Z, dhlhjZy g_ kem`bl mklZgh\e_gghc p_eb, Z bf_ggh: k\_l, dhlhjuc hk\_sZ_l ahgm, g_ lj_[mxsmx hk\_s_gby; jZkk_ygguc k\_l ih khk_^kl\m k hk\_lbl_evguf mkljhckl\hf; k\_q_gb_ g_[Z, dhlhjh_ hagZqZ_l hk\_s_gb_ ghqgh]h g_[Z gZ hkgh\Zgbb ijyfh]h beb hihkj_^h\Zggh]h hljZ`_gby (\b^bfh]h b g_\b^bfh]h) baemq_gby, jZkk_b\Z_fh]h ihkj_^kl\hf khklZ\guo dhfihg_glh\ Zlfhkn_ju (fhe_dmeu ]ZaZ, Zwjhaheb b qZklbpu) \ gZijZ\e_gbb gZ[ex^_gby; «bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (RК)» – f_jZ khhl\_lkl\by ajbl_evguo \hkijbylbc p\_lgh]h h[t_dlZ, hk\_s_ggh]h bkke_^m_fuf b klZg^Zjlguf bklhqgbdZfb k\_lZ ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo gZ[ex^_gby; «bklhqgbd [_eh]h k\_lZ» – bklhqgbd k\_lZ, dhhj^bgZlu p\_lghklb dhlhjh]h khhl\_lkl\mxl ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf: 0,270 < x < 0,530; – 2,3172 x 2 + 2,3653 x – 0,2199 < y < – 2,3172 x 2 + 2,3653 x – 0,1595; «dhjj_ebjh\ZggZy p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ (Tk ДKЖ)» – l_fi_jZlmjZ baemqZl_ey ieZgdh\kdh]h (q_jgh]h l_eZ), \hkijbgbfZ_fuc p\_l
5 dhlhjh]h gZb[he__ [ebadh gZihfbgZ_l lhl, dhlhjuc bf__l ^Zgguc jZa^jZ`bl_ev ijb h^bgZdh\hc yjdhklb b ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo ijhkfhljZ; «dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu (LLMF)» – hlghr_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu \ aZ^Zgguc fhf_gl __ kjhdZ kem`[u (`bag_ggh]h pbdeZ) d gZqZevghfm k\_lh\hfm ihlhdm wlhc eZfiu (baf_j_gghfm ihke_ 100 qZkh\ wdkiemZlZpbb); «dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (LSF)» – ^hey _s_ nmgdpbhgbjmxsbo \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b ijb hij_^_e_gghc qZklhl_ \dexq_gbc (i_j_dexq_gbc) eZfi hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi; «DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (ŋijZ)» – hlghr_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb eZfiu (\uoh^gZy fhsghklv imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ) d \oh^ghc fhsghklb we_dljbq_kdhc p_ib imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ijb wlhf \hafh`gu_ k_gkhjgu_ ^Zlqbdb, k_l_\u_ kh_^bg_gby b ^jm]b_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ ihlj_[bl_eb ^he`gu [ulv hlkh_^bg_gu; «eZfiZ gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy baemqZ_l dZd fbgbfmf 80 % k\h_]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ ij_^_eZo l_e_kgh]h m]eZ 3,14 kl_jZ^bZg (khhl\_lkl\m_l dhgmkm k m]ehf ijb \_jrbg_ 120º); «eZfiZ g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy g_ y\ey_lky eZfihc k gZijZ\e_gguf k\_lhbaemq_gb_f; «eZfiZ k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc» –]ZahjZajy^gZy eZfiZ \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k ijhajZqghc \g_rg_c dhe[hc beb gZjm`ghc ljm[dhc, \ dhlhjhc ohjhrh \b^gZ k\_lhbaemqZxsZy we_dljbq_kdZy ^m]h\Zy ljm[dZ (gZijbf_j, ijhajZqgZy kl_deyggZy eZfiZ); «eZfiZ kf_rZggh]h k\_lZ» – eZfiZ, dhlhjZy \ h^ghc dhe[_ kh^_j`bl ihke_^h\Zl_evgh kh_^bg_ggu_ jlmlgmx eZfim b kibjZevgmx
6 gblv gZdZeZ; «exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ» – jlmlgZy eZfiZ gbadh]h ^Z\e_gby, \ dhlhjhc k\_l baemqZ_l h^bg beb g_kdhevdh keh_\ exfbghnhjZ, \ha[m`^Z_fuo mevljZnbhe_lh\uf baemq_gb_f we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z; «f_lZeeh]Zeh]_ggZy eZfiZ» – eZfiZ, k\_l \ dhlhjhc baemqZ_l kf_kv iZjh\ f_lZeeh\, ]Zehb^guo kh_^bg_gbc f_lZeeh\ b ijh^mdlh\ jZaeh`_gby ]Zehb^guo kh_^bg_gbc; «gZljb_\Zy eZfiZ \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby» – eZfiZ, k\_l \ dhlhjhc baemqZxl iZju gZljby, iZjpbZevgh_ ^Z\e_gb_ dhlhjuo ijb mklZgh\b\r_fky j_`bf_ ^hklb]Z_l 10 dIZ (75 ff jl. kl.); «ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_» – dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb aZ^Zgguo jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo, bkihevam_fh_ ^ey h[hagZq_gby beb b^_glbnbdZpbb ba^_eby b mdZau\Z_fh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo; «h[s__ hk\_s_gb_» – \ hkgh\ghf jZ\ghf_jgh_ hk\_s_gb_ l_jjblhjbb [_a mq_lZ hkh[uo f_klguo ihlj_[ghkl_c; «ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv» – fhsghklv, ihlj_[ey_fZy ijb ghfbgZevghf gZijy`_gbb iblZgby b fZdkbfZevghc gZ]jmad_; «imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl (IJА)» – mkljhckl\h, \dexqZ_fh_ f_`^m k_lvx b h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb jZajy^gufb eZfiZfb, dhlhjh_ ihkj_^kl\hf bg^mdlb\ghklb, _fdhklb beb bo dhf[bgZpbb h[_ki_qb\Z_l ]eZ\guf h[jZahf h]jZgbq_gb_ lhdZ eZfiu gZ mjh\g_ lj_[m_fh]h agZq_gby. Imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl (^Ze__ – IJА) fh`_l khklhylv ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo [ehdh\. IJА lZd`_ fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv kj_^kl\Z ^ey ljZgknhjfZpbb gZijy`_gby k_lb b mkljhckl\Z, ihfh]Zxsb_ h[_ki_qblv gZijy`_gb_ ^ey aZ`b]Zgby eZfiu, ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ oheh^gh]h aZ`b]Zgby, mf_gvr_gb_ kljh[hkdhibq_kdh]h wnn_dlZ, bkijZ\e_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb b (beb) ih^Z\e_gb_ k_l_\uo
7 jZ^bhihf_o. Imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl fh`_l [ulv \kljh_g \ eZfim beb [ulv hl^_e_gguf hl g__; «jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_» – dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo. AgZq_gby b mkeh\by ijb\h^ylky \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo klZg^ZjlZo beb khh[sZxlky ba]hlh\bl_e_f (ihklZ\sbdhf). ?keb g_ mdZaZgh gbq_]h bgh]h, lh \k_ lj_[h\Zgby \ujZ`_gu dZd jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby. JZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ ihemqZ_lky jZkq_lguf iml_f, lh _klv g_wdki_jbf_glZevguf iml_f; «j_]mebjmxs__ mkljhckl\h bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ» – h^bg beb g_kdhevdh dhgkljmdlb\guo we_f_glh\ f_`^m [ehdhf iblZgby b h^gbf beb g_kdhevdbfb bklhqgbdZfb k\_lZ, dhlhjuc fh`_l kem`blv ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby iblZxs_]h gZijy`_gby, h]jZgbq_gby we_dljhiblZgby eZfiu ^h lj_[m_fh]h agZq_gby, ^ey ijb\_^_gby \ khklhygb_ ]hlh\ghklb gZijy`_gby aZ`b]Zgby b lhdZ ijb ij_^\Zjbl_evghf ih^h]j_\_, ^ey ij_^hl\jZs_gby oheh^gh]h aZimkdZ, dhjj_dlbjh\db dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb beb kgb`_gby jZ^bhihf_o. J_]mebjmxsbfb mkljhckl\Zfb bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ, gZijbf_j, y\eyxlky imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu, dhg\_jlhju b ljZgknhjfZlhju ^ey ]Zeh]_gguo eZfi, Z lZd`_ ^jZc\_ju ^ey k\_lhbaemqZxsbo ^bh^h\ (LED); «j_]mebjm_fuc (^bffbjm_fuc) imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl» – imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbc j_]mebjh\Zgb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfi ^ey ihemq_gby g_h[oh^bfhc hk\_s_gghklb; «jlmlgZy eZfiZ \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby» – eZfiZ, iZjpbZevgh_ ^Z\e_gb_ iZjh\ jlmlb \ dhlhjhc ijb mklZgh\b\r_fky j_`bf_ hl 3 10 4 ^h 10 6 IZ (hl 225 ^h 7 500 ff jl. kl.); «k\_lbevgbd» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ jZkij_^_ey_l, nbevljm_l beb ij_h[jZam_l k\_l, baemqZ_fuc h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb eZfiZfb, b dhlhjh_ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y \k_ qZklb, g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey m^_j`Zgby,
8 nbdkZpbb b aZsblu eZfiu, b ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb \kihfh]Zl_evgu_ ko_fu \f_kl_ kh kj_^kl\Zfb ^ey ih^dexq_gby we_dljhiblZgby; «k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ηe)» – hlghr_gb_ baemqZ_fh]h bklhqgbdhf k\_lZ ihlhdZ d ihlj_[ey_fhc bf fhsghklb, baf_jy_lky \ exf_gZo gZ \Zll (ef/<l). Y\ey_lky ihdZaZl_e_f wnn_dlb\ghklb b wdhghfbqghklb bklhqgbdh\ k\_lZ. JZkkqblu\Z_lky ih nhjfme_: η = Φ / P, ]^_: Φ – k\_lh\hc ihlhd, baemqZ_fuc bklhqgbdhf k\_lZ, J – ihlj_[ey_fZy bf fhsghklv. >hihegbl_evgu_ mkljhckl\Z, lZdb_ dZd imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu (IJА), ljZgknhjfZlhju b [ehdb iblZgby \ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb eZfiu (J), g_ mqblu\Zxlky; «k\_lh\h_ aZ]jyag_gb_» – kmffZ \k_o hljbpZl_evguo \ha^_ckl\bc bkdmkkl\_ggh]h k\_lZ gZ hdjm`Zxsmx kj_^m, \dexqZy \ha^_ckl\b_ ba[ulhqgh]h k\_lZ; «k\_lh\hc ihlhd (Φ)» – wg_j]by \b^bfh]h baemq_gby, i_j_ghkbfZy ihlhdhf baemq_gby \ _^bgbpm \j_f_gb; «k\_lhj_]meylhj» – mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey j_]mebjh\Zgby yjdhklb k\_q_gby eZfi; «khihklZ\e_gguc DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (EBЛ)» – hlghr_gb_ jZkq_lghc fhsghklb eZfiu (Pe) d DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ. KhihklZ\e_gguc DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ ^ey h^ghphdhevguo b ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c ko_f_:
9 ηijZ ≥ EBЛFL. ?keb Pe ≤ 5 <l – agZq_gb_ EbbFL = 0,71. ?keb 5 <l < Pe < 100 <l – agZq_gb_ EBbFL = Pe / (2sqrt × (Pe / 36) + 38 / 36 × Pe +1). ?keb Pe ≥ 100 <l – agZq_gb_ EBbFL = 0,91; «kjhd kem`[u eZfiu» – \j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, ihke_ dhlhjh]h ^hey nmgdpbhgbjmxsbo eZfi hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b ijb hij_^_e_gghc qZklhl_ \dexq_gbc (i_j_dexq_gbc) khhl\_lkl\m_l dhwnnbpb_glm kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu; «p\_lghklv» – oZjZdl_jbklbdZ dZq_kl\Z p\_lZ eZfiu, hij_^_ey_fZy __ dhhj^bgZlZfb p\_lghklb; «wnn_dlb\ghklv UV-baemq_gby» – wnn_dlb\gZy kbeZ UV-baemq_gby eZfiu hlghkbl_evgh __ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (\ f<l/def); «we_dljhgguc beb \ukhdhqZklhlguc imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl» – jZ[hlZxsbc hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb [ehd iblZgby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ, \dexqZy klZ[bebabjmxsb_ we_f_glu \dexq_gby, ^ey jZ[hlu, h[uqgh \ukhdhqZklhlghc, h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbo ljm[qZluo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b ijZ\beZ hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 1. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi 3. >\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu ^bZf_ljhf 16 b 26 ff (L5 b L8) ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 25 ºC ^he`gu bf_lv jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb g_ f_g__ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 1. ?keb ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv hlebqZ_lky hl mdZaZgghc \ lZ[ebp_ 1, lh eZfiu ^he`gu ^hklb]Zlv k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb, mdZaZgghc ^ey eZfi
10 [eb`Zcr_c ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb, aZ bkdexq_gb_f T8-eZfi fhsghklvx [he__ 50 <l, dhlhju_ ^he`gu ^hklb]Zlv k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb 83 ef/<l. ?keb agZq_gb_ ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb ihiZ^Z_l jh\gh ihk_j_^bg_ f_`^m ^\mfy agZq_gbyfb, ijb\_^_ggufb \ lZ[ebp_ 1, lh khhl\_lkl\mxsZy eZfiZ ^he`gZ khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv [he__ \ukhdhfm ba agZq_gbc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb. ?keb ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv eZfiu ij_\urZ_l fZdkbfZevgmx mdZaZggmx \ lZ[ebp_ 1 fhsghklv, lh khhl\_lkl\mxsZy eZfiZ ^he`gZ bf_lv agZq_gb_ k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb ^ey ^Zgghc fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb. LZ[ebpZ 1 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb eZfi T8 b T5 T8 (^bZf_lj 26 ff) T5 (^bZf_lj 16 ff) \ukhdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv T5 (^bZf_lj 16 ff) \ukhdZy fhsghklv GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 15 63 14 86 24 73 18 75 21 90 39 79 25 76 28 93 49 88 30 80 35 94 54 82 36 93 – – 80 77 38 87 – – – – 58 90 – – – – 70 89 – – – – Ijb jZkq_l_ ef/\l ^himkdZ_lky hdjm]e_gb_ ^_kyluo qZkl_c ^h p_eh]h \ [hevrmx klhjhgm. >Zggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo ^\mophdhevguo eZfi k phdhe_f G13 ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z. H^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 25 ºC ^he`gu bf_lv jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb g_ f_g__ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 2.
11 ?keb ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv beb nhjfZ eZfiu hldehgyxlky hl agZq_gbc fhsghklb beb nhjf eZfi, ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebpZo 2 – 5, lh eZfiu ^he`gu ^hklb]Zlv k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb [eb`Zcr_c ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb beb nhjfu. ?keb agZq_gb_ ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb ihiZ^Z_l jh\gh ihk_j_^bg_ f_`^m ^\mfy agZq_gbyfb, ijb\_^_ggufb \ lZ[ebp_, lh khhl\_lkl\mxsZy eZfiZ ^he`gZ khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv [he__ \ukhdhfm ba agZq_gbc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb. ?keb ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv ij_\urZ_l fZdkbfZevgmx mdZaZggmx \ lZ[ebp_ 2 fhsghklv, lh khhl\_lkl\mxsZy eZfiZ ^he`gZ bf_lv agZq_gb_ k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb ^ey mdZaZgghc fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb. KibjZe_\b^gu_ ^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu \k_o ^bZf_ljh\, jZ\guo beb [he__ 16 ff, ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf ^ey dhevp_\uo eZfi L9 ba lZ[ebpu 5.
12 LZ[ebpZ 2 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb h^ghphdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, jZ[hlZxsbo k we_dljhfZ]gblguf b we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf H^gZ iZjZee_evgZy ljm[dZ, phdhev G23 (2 rlujvdZ) beb 2G7 (4 rlujvdZ) >\_ iZjZee_evgu_ ljm[db, phdhev G24Н (2 rlujvdZ) beb G24q (4 rlujvdZ ) Ljb iZjZee_evgu_ ljm[db, phdhev GХ24Н (2 rlujvdZ) b GХ24q (4 rlujvdZ ) GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 5 48 10 60 13 62 7 57 13 69 18 67 9 67 18 67 26 66 11 76 26 66 Q_luj_ ljm[db \ h^ghc iehkdhklb, phdhev 2G10 (4 rlujvdZ) H^gZ iZjZee_evgZy ljm[dZ, phdhev, 2G11 (4 rlujvdZ) GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 18 61 18 67 24 71 24 75 36 78 34 82 36 81 Ijb jZkq_l_ ef/\l ^himkdZ_lky hdjm]e_gb_ ^_kyluo qZkl_c ^h p_eh]h \ [hevrmx klhjhgm.
13 LZ[ebpZ 3 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb h^ghphdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, jZ[hlZxsbo lhevdh k we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf Ljb iZjZee_evgu_ ljm[db, phdhev GX24q (4 rlujvdZ) Q_luj_ iZjZee_evgu_ ljm[db, phdhev GX24q (4 rlujvdZ) H^gZ iZjZee_evgZy ljm[dZ, phdhev 2G11 (4 rlujvdZ) GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 32 75 57 75 40 83 42 74 70 74 55 82 57 75 – – 80 75 70 74 – – – – Ijb jZkq_l_ ef/\l ^himkdZ_lky hdjm]e_gb_ ^_kyluo qZkl_c ^h p_eh]h \ [hevrmx klhjhgm.
14 LZ[ebpZ 4 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb h^ghphdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi dj_g^_e_h[jZaghc nhjfu beb \ukhdhc ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb H^gZ ljm[dZ \ nhjf_ d\Z^jZlZ, phdhev GR8 (2 rlujvdZ), phdhev GR10q (4rlujvdZ) b phdhev GRВ10q3 (4rlujvdZ) Q_luj_ iZjZee_evgu_ ljm[db 2G8 (4 rlujvdZ) GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 10 65 60 67 16 66 82 75 21 64 85 71 28 73 120 75 38 71 55 71 Ijb jZkq_l_ ef/\l ^himkdZ_lky hdjm]e_gb_ ^_kyluo qZkl_c ^h p_eh]h \ [hevrmx klhjhgm. LZ[ebpZ 5 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby fbgbfZevghc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb dhevp_h[jZaguo eZfi T9 b T5 T9 dhevp_h[jZagZy ljm[dZ ^bZf_ljhf 29 ff, phdhev G10q T5 dhevp_h[jZagZy ljm[dZ ^bZf_ljhf 29 ff, phdhev 2GX13 GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ (ef/<l), ihke_ 100 q wdkiemZlZpbb 22 52 22 77 32 64 40 78 40 70 55 75 60 60 60 80 Ijb jZkq_l_ ef/\l ^himkdZ_lky hdjm]e_gb_ ^_kyluo qZkl_c ^h p_eh]h \ [hevrmx klhjhgm.
15 >ey h^ghphdhevguo b ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi k hij_^_e_ggufb iZjZf_ljZfb ^himkdZ_lky mf_gvr_gb_ jZkq_lguo agZq_gbc fbgbfZevghc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb. K\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ fh`_l [ulv f_gvr_ ^ey eZfi k iZjZf_ljZfb, dZd wlh mdZaZgh \ lZ[ebp_ 6. LZ[ebpZ 6 >himklbfh_ mf_gvr_gb_ fbgbfZevguo agZq_gbc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi k \ukhdhc p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmjhc, \ukhdbf bg^_dkhf p\_lhi_j_^Zqb, \lhjhc h[hehqdhc beb [hevrbf kjhdhf kem`[u IZjZf_lju eZfiu >himklbfh_ mf_gvr_gb_ k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb ijb 25 ºC TМ ≥ 5 000 K – 10 % 95 ≥ RК> 90 – 20 % Ra > 95 – 30 % Ijb gZebqbb \lhjhc h[hehqdb – 10 % Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu ≥ 0,50 ihke_ 40 000 qZkh\ wdkiemZlZpbb – 5 % MdZaZggu_ ^himklbfu_ mf_gvr_gby (\ %) kmffbjmxlky. H^ghphdhevgu_ b ^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, hilbfZevgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ dhlhjuo ^ey jZ[hlu hlebqgZ hl 25º C, ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf d k\_lh\hc hl^Zq_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lZ[ebpZfb 1 – 6 lZd`_ ijb bo hilbfZevghc l_fi_jZlmj_ ^ey jZ[hlu. =ZahjZajy^gu_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k TМ ≥ 5 000 K beb kh \lhjhc h[hehqdhc ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf d k\_lh\hc hl^Zq_, ijb\_^_gguf \ lZ[ebpZo 7 – 9, dZd fbgbfmf gZ 90 %. GZljb_\u_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k RК ≤ 60 ^he`gu bf_lv jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb g_ f_g__ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 7.
16 LZ[ebpZ 7 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k RК ≤ 60 GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv eZfiu, W, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc, ef/<l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k fZlh\hc dhe[hc, ef/<l W ≤ 45 ≥ 60 ≥ 60 45 < W ≤ 55 ≥ 80 ≥ 70 55 < W ≤ 75 ≥ 90 ≥ 80 75 < W ≤ 105 ≥ 100 ≥ 95 105 < W ≤ 155 ≥ 110 ≥ 105 155 < W ≤ 255 ≥ 125 ≥ 115 255 < W ≤ 605 ≥ 135 ≥ 130 >ey gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^_ckl\mxl lj_[h\Zgby, ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 7. >ey gZljb_\uo eZfi ^ey ijyfhc aZf_gu jlmlguo eZfi (jZ[hlZxsbo gZ IJА ^ey jlmlguo eZfi) ^Zggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2025 ]h^Z. F_lZeeh]Zeh]_ggu_ eZfiu k RК ≤ 80 b gZljb_\u_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k RК > 60 ^he`gu bf_lv jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb g_ f_g__ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 8. LZ[ebpZ 8 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby fbgbfZevghc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb f_lZeeh]Zeh]_gguo eZfi k RК ≤ 80 b gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby k RК > 60 GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv eZfiu, W, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc, ef/<l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k fZlh\hc dhe[hc, ef/<l W ≤ 55 ≥ 60 ≥ 60 55 < W ≤ 75 ≥ 75 ≥ 70 75 < W ≤ 105 ≥ 80 ≥ 75 105 < W ≤ 155 ≥ 80 ≥ 75 155 < W ≤ 255 ≥ 80 ≥ 75 255 < W ≤ 405 ≥ 85 ≥ 75
17 Ijhqb_ ]ZahjZajy^gu_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^he`gu bf_lv jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb g_ f_g__ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 9. >Zggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2025 ]h^Z. LZ[ebpZ 9 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby fbgbfZevghc k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb ijhqbo ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv eZfiu, W, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ, ef/<l W ≤ 40 50 40 < W ≤ 50 55 50 < W ≤ 70 65 70 < W ≤ 125 70 125 < W 75 K 1 k_gly[jy 2025 ]h^Z: ^he`gZ [ulv ij_^mkfhlj_gZ wdkiemZlZpby exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb A2 beb k [he__ wnn_dlb\gufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb. LZd`_ ^he`gZ [ulv ij_^mkfhlj_gZ bo wdkiemZlZpby k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb, dhlhju_ ih^iZ^Zxl ih^ [he__ gbadbc deZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, q_f А2; eZfiu k p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmjhc TМ ≥ 5 000 K beb \lhjhc h[hehqdhc ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ^_ckl\mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf d k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb dZd fbgbfmf gZ 90 %; jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb f_lZeeh]Zeh]_gguo eZfi ^he`gu [ulv g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 10.
18 LZ[ebpZ 10 JZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb f_lZeeh]Zeh]_gguo eZfi GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv eZfiu W, <l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k ijhajZqghc dhe[hc, ef/<l JZkq_lgZy k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu k fZlh\hc dhe[hc, ef/<l W ≤ 55 ≥ 70 ≥ 65 55 < W ≤ 75 ≥ 80 ≥ 75 75 < W ≤ 105 ≥ 85 ≥ 80 105 < W ≤ 155 ≥ 85 ≥ 80 155 < W ≤ 255 ≥ 85 ≥ 80 255 < W ≤ 405 ≥ 90 ≥ 85 2. Lj_[h\Zgby d wdkiemZlZpbhgguf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf eZfi 4. Exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ ^he`gu bf_lv bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (RК) g_ f_g__ 80 b agZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 11. MdZaZggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z. LZ[ebpZ 11 AgZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ^ey h^ghphdhevguo b ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi Lbi eZfiu <j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, q 2 000 4 000 8 000 16 000 Dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu >\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhggufb IJА 0,95 0,92 0,90 – T8-^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhgguf IJА k ij_^\Zjbl_evguf ih^h]j_\hf we_dljh^h\ 0,96 0,92 0,91 0,90 >jm]b_ ^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf k aZimkdhf \ ih^h]j_lhf khklhygbb 0,95 0,92 0,90 0,90
19 Lbi eZfiu <j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, q 2 000 4 000 8 000 16 000 Dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu Dhevp_h[jZagu_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf, U-h[jZagu_ T8-^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu b kibjZe_h[jZagu_ ^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu (T5) k ^bZf_ljhf 16 ff beb [he__ 0,80 0,74 – – 0,72 ijb 5 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb Dhevp_h[jZagu_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhggufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb 0,85 0,83 0,80 – 0,75 ijb 12 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb >jm]b_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhggufb IJА 0,85 0,78 0,75 – >jm]b_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhgguf IJА k ij_^\Zjbl_evguf ih^h]j_\hf we_dljh^h\ 0,90 0,84 0,81 0,78 D mdZaZgguf \ lZ[ebp_ 11 agZq_gbyf ijbf_gyxlky ^himklbfu_ mf_gvr_gby ^ey lj_[h\Zgbc d dhwnnbpb_glm khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 12. LZ[ebpZ 12 IhdZaZl_eb ^himklbfh]h mf_gvr_gby ^ey lj_[h\Zgbc d dhwnnbpb_glm khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi IZjZf_lju eZfiu >himklbfh_ mf_gvr_gb_ lj_[h\Zgbc d dhwnnbpb_glm khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu EZfiu k 95 ≥ RК> 90 wdkiemZlZpby ≤ 8 000 q – 5 % wdkiemZlZpby > 8 000 q – 10 % EZfiu k RК> 95 wdkiemZlZpby ≤ 4 000 q – 10 % wdkiemZlZpby > 4 000 q – 15 % EZfiu k p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmjhc ≥ 5 000 K – 10 %
20 Exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 13. MdZaZggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z. LZ[ebpZ 13 Dhwnnbpb_glu kjhdh\ kem`[u ^ey h^ghphdhevguo b ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi Lbi eZfiu <j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, q 2 000 4 000 8 000 16 000 Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu >\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhggufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb 0,99 0,97 0,90 – >\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf k aZimkdhf \ ih^h]j_lhf khklhygbb 0,99 0,97 0,92 0,90 Dhevp_h[jZagu_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf, U-h[jZagu_ T8-^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu b kibjZe_h[jZagu_ ^\mophdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu (T5) k ^bZf_ljhf 16 ff beb [he__ 0,98 0,77 – – 0,50 ijb 5 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb Dhevp_h[jZagu_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhggufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb 0,99 0,97 0,85 – 0,50 ijb 12 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb >jm]b_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k g_we_dljhggufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb 0,98 0,90 0,50 – >jm]b_ h^ghphdhevgu_ exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu, wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ k we_dljhgguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf k ij_^\Zjbl_evguf ih^h]j_\hf we_dljh^h\ 0,99 0,98 0,88 –
21 GZljb_\u_ eZfiu \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu b dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 14. LZ[ebpZ 14 AgZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu b dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu ^ey gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby DZl_]hjby gZljb_\uo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby Dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu Pe ≤ 75 <l LLMF b LSF, baf_j_ggu_ ijb 12 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb RК ≤ 60 > 0,80 > 0,90 Ra > 60 > 0,75 > 0,75 \k_ fh^_jgbabjh\Zggu_ eZfiu, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb ^ey jlmlguo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby > 0,75 > 0,80 Pe > 75 <l LLMF b LSF, baf_j_ggu_ ijb 16 000 q wdkiemZlZpbb RК ≤ 60 > 0,85 > 0,90 Ra > 60 > 0,70 > 0,65 \k_ fh^_jgbabjh\Zggu_ eZfiu, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb ^ey jlmlguo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby > 0,75 > 0,55 F_lZeeh]Zeh]_ggu_ eZfiu ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu b dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 15. MdZaZggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z.
22 LZ[ebpZ 15 AgZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu b dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u ^ey f_lZeeh]Zeh]_gguo eZfi k d_jZfbq_kdhc ]hj_edhc <j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb, q Dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu 12 000 > 0,80 > 0,80 3. Lj_[h\Zgby d k\_lh\hc hl^Zq_ g_\kljh_gguo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi b ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby 5. Rbjhdh^bZiZahggu_ imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu (^himkdZxsb_ jZ[hlm k eZfiZfb jZaebqguo fhsghkl_c) ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf ^ey dZ`^hc ba fhsghkl_c, gZ dhlhjhc hgb fh]ml wdkiemZlbjh\Zlvky. AZij_sZ_lky h[jZs_gb_ gZ jugd_ we_dljhfZ]gblguo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey h^ghphdhevguo b ^\mophdhevguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi deZkkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb D k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. Imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 16, ^he`gu bf_lv deZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb g_ gb`_ B2, imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 17, – g_ gb`_ deZkkZ A3, imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 18, – g_ gb`_ deZkkZ A1. Ijb 25 % k\_lh\hc fhsghklb wdkiemZlbjm_fhc eZfiu \oh^gZy fhsghklv (P\de) p_ib imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ g_ ^he`gZ khklZ\eylv [he__: P\de < 50 % × PejZkq / ηijZ, ]^_: PejZkq – ^ey jZkq_lgh]h agZq_gby fhsghklb eZfiu;
23 ηijZ – ^ey gb`g_]h ij_^_evgh]h agZq_gby wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h deZkkZ. Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv 1,0 <l, _keb wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ eZfiu ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb g_ baemqZxl gbdZdh]h k\_lZ b \hafh`gu_ ^jm]b_ ih^dexq_ggu_ dhgkljmdlb\gu_ we_f_glu (k_l_\u_ kh_^bg_gby, k_gkhju b l. ^.) hlkh_^bg_gu. ?keb hlkh_^bg_gb_ g_\hafh`gh, lh ke_^m_l baf_jblv bo fhsghklv b \uq_klv ba j_amevlZlZ. Imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gby DI> g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 19. LZ[ebpZ 16 DeZkku wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb g_j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi L_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb eZfiu DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (Pe/P\oh^) g_j_]mebjm_fuc Lbi eZfiu Ghfb- gZevgZy fhs- ghklv ILCOS-dh^ JZkq_lgZy /klZg- ^ZjlgZy fhsghklv A2 BAT A2 A3 B1 B2 50 =p <Q <l <l <l T8 15 FD-15-E-G13-26/450 15 13,5 87,8 % 84,4 % 75,0 % 67,9 % 62,0 % T8 18 FD-18-E-G13-26/600 18 16 87,7 % 84,2 % 76,2 % 71,3 % 65,8 % T8 30 FD-30-E-G13-26/900 30 24 82,1 % 77,4 % 72,7 % 79,2 % 75,0 % T8 36 FD-36-E-G13-26/1200 36 32 91,4 % 88,9 % 84,2 % 83,4 % 79,5 % T8 38 FD-38-E-G13-26/1050 38,5 32 87,7 % 84,2 % 80,0 % 84,1 % 80,4 % T8 58 FD-58-E-G13-26/1500 58 50 93,0 % 90,9 % 84,7 % 86,1 % 82,2 % T8 70 FD-70-E-G13-26/1800 69,5 60 90,9 % 88,2 % 83,3 % 86,3 % 83,1 % TC-L 18 FSD-18-E-2G11 18 16 87,7 % 84,2 % 76,2 % 71,3 % 65,8 % TC-L 24 FSD-24-E-2G11 24 22 90,7 % 88,0 % 81,5 % 76,0 % 71,3 % TC-L 36 FSD-36-E-2G11 36 32 91,4 % 88,9 % 84,2 % 83,4 % 79,5 % TCF 18 FSS-18-E-2G10 18 16 87,7 % 84,2 % 76,2 % 71,3 % 65,8 % TCF 24 FSS-24-E-2G10 24 22 90,7 % 88,0 % 81,5 % 76,0 % 71,3 % TCF 36 FSS-36-E-2G10 36 32 91,4 % 88,9 % 84,2 % 83,4 % 79,5 % TC-D / 10 FSQ-10-E-G24q=1 10 9,5 89,4 % 86,4 % 73,1 % 67,9 % 59,4 %
24 L_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb eZfiu DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (Pe/P\oh^) g_j_]mebjm_fuc Lbi eZfiu Ghfb- gZevgZy fhs- ghklv ILCOS-dh^ JZkq_lgZy /klZg- ^ZjlgZy fhsghklv A2 BAT A2 A3 B1 B2 50 =p <Q <l <l <l DE FSQ-10-I-G24d=1 TC-D / DE 13 FSQ-13-E-G24q=1 FSQ-13-I-G24d=1 13 12,5 91,7 % 89,3 % 78,1 % 72,6 % 65,0 % TC-D / DE 18 FSQ-18-E-G24q=2 FSQ-18-I-G24d=2 18 16,5 89,8 % 86,8 % 78,6 % 71,3 % 65,8 % TC-D / DE 26 FSQ-26-E-G24q=3 FSQ-26-I-G24d=3 26 24 91,4 % 88,9 % 82,8 % 77,2 % 72,6 % TC-T / TE 13 FSM-13-E-GX24q=1 FSM-13-I-GX24d=1 13 12,5 91,7 % 89,3 % 78,1 % 72,6 % 65,0 % TC-T / TE 18 FSM-18-E-GX24q=2 FSM-18-I-GX24d=2 18 16,5 89,8 % 86,8 % 78,6 % 71,3 % 65,8 % TC-T / TC-TE 26 FSM-26-E-GX24q=3 FSM-26-I-GX24d=3 26,5 24 91,4 % 88,9 % 82,8 % 77,5 % 73,0 % TC-DD / DDE 10 FSS-10-E-GR10q FSS-10-L/P/H-GR10q 10,5 9,5 86,4 % 82,6 % 70,4 % 68,8 % 60,5 % TC-DD /DDE 16 FSS-16-E-GR10q FSS-16-I-GR8 FSS-16-L/P/H-GR10q 16 15 87,0 % 83,3 % 75,0 % 72,4 % 66,1 % TC-DD / DDE 21 FSS-21-E-GR10q FSS-21-L/P/H-GR10q 21 19,5 89,7 % 86,7 % 78,0 % 73,9 % 68,8 % TC-DD / DDE 28 FSS-28-E-GR10q FSS-28-I-GR8 FSS-28-L/P/H-GR10q 28 24,5 89,1 % 86,0 % 80,3 % 78,2 % 73,9 % TC-DD / DDE 38 FSS-38-E-GR10q FSS-38-L/P/H-GR10q 38,5 34,5 92,0 % 89,6 % 85,2 % 84,1 % 80,4 % TC 5 FSD-5-I-G23 FSD-5-E-2G7 5,4 5 72,7 % 66,7 % 58,8 % 49,3 % 41,4 % TC 7 FSD-7-I-G23 FSD-7-E-2G7 7,1 6,5 77,6 % 72,2 % 65,0 % 55,7 % 47,8 % TC 9 FSD-9-I-G23 FSD-9-E-2G7 8,7 8 78,0 % 72,7 % 66,7 % 60,3 % 52,6 % TC 11 FSD-11-I-G23 FSD-11-E-2G7 11,8 11 83,0 % 78,6 % 73,3 % 66,7 % 59,6 % T5 4 FD-4-E-G5-16/150 4,5 3,6 64,9 % 58,1 % 50,0 % 45,0 % 37,2 % T5 6 FD-6-E-G5-16/225 6 5,4 71,3 % 65,1 % 58,1 % 51,8 % 43,8 % T5 8 FD-8-E-G5-16/300 7,1 7,5 69,9 % 63,6 % 58,6 % 48,9 % 42,7 % T5 13 FD-13-E-G5-16/525 13 12,8 84,2 % 80,0 % 75,3 % 72,6 % 65,0 % T9-C 22 FSC-22-E-G10q-29/200 22 19 89,4 % 86,4 % 79,2 % 74,6 % 69,7 % T9-C 32 FSC-32-E-G10q-29/300 32 30 88,9 % 85,7 % 81,1 % 80,0 % 76,0 % T9-C 40 FSC-40-E-G10q-29/400 40 32 89,5 % 86,5 % 82,1 % 82,6 % 79,2 % T2 6 FDH-6-L/P-W4,3x8,5d-– 5 72,7 % 66,7 % 58,8 % – –
25 L_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb eZfiu DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (Pe/P\oh^) g_j_]mebjm_fuc Lbi eZfiu Ghfb- gZevgZy fhs- ghklv ILCOS-dh^ JZkq_lgZy /klZg- ^ZjlgZy fhsghklv A2 BAT A2 A3 B1 B2 50 =p <Q <l <l <l 7/220 T2 8 FDH-8-L/P-W4,3x8,5d- 7/320 – 7,8 76,5 % 70,9 % 65,0 % – – T2 11 FDH-11-L/P- W4,3x8,5d-7/420 – 10,8 81,8 % 77,1 % 72,0 % – – T2 13 FDH-13-L/P- W4,3x8,5d-7/520 – 13,3 84,7 % 80,6 % 76,0 % – – T2 21 FDH-21-L/P- W4,3x8,5d-7/ – 21 88,9 % 85,7 % 79,2 % – – T2 23 FDH-23-L/P- W4,3x8,5d-7/ – 23 89,8 % 86,8 % 80,7 % – – T5-E 14 FDH-14-G5-L/P-16/550 – 13,7 84,7 % 80,6 % 72,1 % – – T5-E 21 FDH-21-G5-L/P-16/850 – 20,7 89,3 % 86,3 % 79,6 % – – T5-E 24 FDH-24-G5-L/P-16/550 – 22,5 89,6 % 86,5 % 80,4 % – – T5-E 28 FDH-28-G5-L/P- 16/1150 – 27,8 89,8 % 86,9 % 81,8 % – – T5-E 35 FDH-35-G5-L/P- 16/1450 – 34,7 91,5 % 89,0 % 82,6 % – – T5-E 39 FDH-39-G5-L/P-16/850 – 38 91,0 % 88,4 % 82,6 % – – T5-E 49 FDH-49-G5-L/P- 16/1450 – 49,3 91,6 % 89,2 % 84,6 % – – T5-E 54 FDH-54-G5-L/P- 16/1150 – 53,8 92,0 % 89,7 % 85,4 % – – T5-E 80 FDH-80-G5-L/P- 16/1150 – 80 93,0 % 90,9 % 87,0 % – – T5-E 95 FDH-95-G5-L/P- 16/1150 – 95 92,7 % 90,5 % 84,1 % – – T5-E 120 FDH-120-G5-L/P- 16/1450 – 120 92,5 % 90,2 % 84,5 % – – T5-C 22 FSCH-22-L/P-2GX13- 16/225 – 22,3 88,1 % 84,8 % 78,8 % – – T5-C 40 FSCH-40-L/P-2GX13- 16/300 – 39,9 91,4 % 88,9 % 83,3 % – – T5-C 55 FSCH-55-L/P-2GX13- 16/300 – 55 92,4 % 90,2 % 84,6 % – – T5-C 60 FSCH-60-L/P-2GX13- 16/375 – 60 93,0 % 90,9 % 85,7 % – – TC-LE 40 FSDH-40-L/P-2G11 – 40 91,4 % 88,9 % 83,3 % – – TC-LE 55 FSDH-55-L/P-2G11 – 55 92,4 % 90,2 % 84,6 % – –
26 L_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb eZfiu DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (Pe/P\oh^) g_j_]mebjm_fuc Lbi eZfiu Ghfb- gZevgZy fhs- ghklv ILCOS-dh^ JZkq_lgZy /klZg- ^ZjlgZy fhsghklv A2 BAT A2 A3 B1 B2 50 =p <Q <l <l <l TC-LE 80 FSDH-80-L/P-2G11 – 80 93,0 % 90,9 % 87,0 % – – TC-TE 32 FSMH-32-L/P- 2GX24q=3 – 32 91,4 % 88,9 % 82,1 % – – TC-TE 42 FSMH-42-L/P- 2GX24q=4 – 43 93,5 % 91,5 % 86,0 % – – TC-TE 57 FSM6H-57-L/P- 2GX24q=5 FSM8H-57-L/P- 2GX24q=5 – 56 91,4 % 88,9 % 83,6 % – – TC-TE 70 FSM6H-70-L/P- 2GX24q=6 FSM8H-70-L/P- 2GX24q=6 – 70 93,0 % 90,9 % 85,4 % – – TC-TE 60 FSM6H-60-L/P-2G8=1 – 63 92,3 % 90,0 % 84,0 % – – TC-TE 62 FSM8H-62-L/P-2G8=2 – 62 92,2 % 89,9 % 83,8 % – – TC-TE 82 FSM8H-82-L/P-2G8=2 – 82 92,4 % 90,1 % 83,7 % – – TC-TE 85 FSM6H-85-L/P-2G8=1 – 87 92,8 % 90,6 % 84,5 % – – TC-TE 120 FSM6H-120-L/P-2G8=1 FSM8H-120-L/P-2G8=1 – 122 92,6 % 90,4 % 84,7 % – – TC-DD 55 FSSH-55-L/P-GRY10q3 – 55 92,4 % 90,2 % 84,6 % – – LZ[ebpZ 17 DeZkku wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb g_j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, g_ mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 16 ηijZ DeZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb ≥ 0,94 × EBbFL A3 ≥ EBЛFL A2 ≥ 1 - 0,75 × (1-EBbFL) A2 BAT
27 LZ[ebpZ 18 Lj_[h\Zgby d deZkkZf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi DeZkk, ^hklb]gmluc ijb 100 % k\_lh\hc fhsghklb DeZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ A3 A1 A2 A1 BAT LZ[ebpZ 19 DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv eZfiu (Pe),<l FbgbfZevguc DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (ηijZ),% Pe ≤ 30 65 30 <Pe ≤ 75 75 75 < Pe ≤ 105 80 105 < P ≤ 405 85 Pe > 405 90 Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k exfbg_kp_glgufb eZfiZfb g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv 0,5 <l, _keb wdkiemZlbjm_fu_ eZfiu ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb g_ baemqZxl gbdZdh]h k\_lZ. MdZaZggh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ ^_ckl\m_l ^ey imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\, _keb ^jm]b_ \hafh`gh ih^dexq_ggu_ dhgkljmdlb\gu_ we_f_glu (k_l_\u_ kh_^bg_gby, ^Zlqbdb b l. ^.) hlkh_^bg_gu. ?keb hlkh_^bg_gb_ g_\hafh`gh, lh ke_^m_l baf_jblv bo fhsghklv b \uq_klv ba j_amevlZlZ. MdZaZggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z: Imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^he`gu bf_lv agZq_gby DI> g_ gb`_ ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 20. MdZaZggh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ ^he`gh ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z.
28 LZ[ebpZ 20 DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv eZfiu (Pe), <l FbgbfZevguc DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ (ηijZ),% Pe ≤ 30 78 30 < Pe ≤ 75 85 75 < Pe ≤ 105 87 105 < Pe ≤ 405 90 Pe > 405 92 Imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi deZkkbnbpbjmxlky kh]eZkgh DI>. Эlh hagZqZ_l kbkl_fm deZkkbnbdZpbb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ kh]eZkgh ij_^_evguf agZq_gbyf DI>. DeZkkZfb ^ey g_j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ y\eyxlky A2 BAT, A2, A3, B1 b B2 (deZkkbnbpbjm_fu_ ih gbkoh^ys_c kh]eZkgh DI>), Z ^ey j_]mebjm_fuo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ – A1 BAT b A1. < lZ[ebp_ 16 ijb\_^_gu deZkku wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k mdZaZggufb eZfiZfb beb ^jm]bfb eZfiZfb, jZkkqblZggufb ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb k ZgZeh]bqgufb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb (eZfiu k b^_glbqgufb ^Zggufb wlZehggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ). >hihegbl_evgu_ lj_[h\Zgby d g_j_]mebjm_fuf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlZf, g_ mdZaZgguf \ lZ[ebp_ 16, ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 17. J_]mebjm_fu_ imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi kh]eZkgh deZkkm, \ dhlhjuc imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl ihiZ^Ze [u ijb wdkiemZlZpbb kh 100 % k\_lhhl^Zq_c, deZkkbnbpbjmxlky ih deZkkZf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb
29 \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lZ[ebp_c 18. I_j_dexqZ_fu_ imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu deZkkbnbpbjmxlky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k kZfuf gbadbf (kZfuf gZbom^rbf) DI> eb[h ^ey dZ`^hc wdkiemZlbjm_fhc eZfiu mdZau\Z_lky deZkk. 6. Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv h[s__ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \kljh_gguo imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\, _keb eZfiu ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb g_ baemqZxl gbdZdh]h k\_lZ b ^jm]b_ ih^dexq_ggu_ dhgkljmdlb\gu_ we_f_glu (k_l_\u_ kh_^bg_gby, k_gkhju b l. ^.) hlkh_^bg_gu. ?keb hlkh_^bg_gb_ g_\hafh`gh, lh ke_^m_l baf_jblv bo fhsghklv b \uq_klv ba j_amevlZlZ. K\_lbevgbdb ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ b ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby ^he`gu [ulv kh\f_klbfu k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbfb ZiiZjZlZfb, dhlhju_ khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, ^_ckl\mxsbf ^ey lZdbo ZiiZjZlh\. MdZaZggh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ ^he`gh ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. 7. < ^hiheg_gb_ d lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ jZa^_e_ IV l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ KhxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), miZdh\dZ beb wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsmx bgnhjfZpbx: Z) lj_[h\Zgby d l_ogbq_kdhfm hibkZgbx eZfi \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo: ghfbgZevgh_ b jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ fhsghklb eZfiu; ghfbgZevgh_ b jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu; jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ k\_lh\hc hl^Zqb eZfiu ihke_ 100 q
30 wdkiemZlZpbb ijb klZg^Zjlguo mkeh\byo (l_fi_jZlmjZ wdkiemZlZpbb 25 °C, ^ey T5-eZfi – 35 °C); ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, _keb baf_jy_fuc k\_lh\hc ihlhd \h \k_o kemqZyo h^bgZdh\, ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb ijb \ukhdhc qZklhl_ (> 50 =p) ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv dZeb[jh\hqguc lhd mkeh\bc bkiulZgby b (beb) jZkq_lgh_ gZijy`_gb_ \ukhdhqZklhlgh]h ]_g_jZlhjZ k khijhlb\e_gb_f. LZd`_ ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv, qlh \ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ g_ \dexq_gu ihl_jb fhsghklb \ j_amevlZl_ bkihevah\Zgby lZdbo \kihfh]Zl_evguo mkljhckl\, dZd imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu; kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlb \ eZfi_ \ fbeeb]jZffZo \ nhjfZl_ X,X f] beb X,X mg (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ); bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (RК) eZfiu; p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ eZfiu; ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ deZkk imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\, k dhlhjufb eZfiZ fh`_l wdkiemZlbjh\Zlvky; [) lj_[h\Zgby d l_ogbq_kdhfm hibkZgbx imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo: ^ey dZ`^hc fh^_eb imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ ^he`_g mdZau\Zlvky deZkk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (ijb\h^blky \ hlq_leb\h \b^bfhc b ^he]h\_qghc nhjf_ gZ imkdhj_]mebjmxs_f ZiiZjZl_); \) lj_[h\Zgby d l_ogbq_kdhfm hibkZgbx k\_lbevgbdh\ \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo ^ey dZ`^hc fh^_eb k\_lbevgbdZ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ k h[sbf k\_lh\uf ihlhdhf k\ur_ 2 000 ef:
31 _keb k\_lbevgbd ihklZ\ey_lky k imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf, lh mdZau\Z_lky bgnhjfZpby h DI> imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ^Zggufb ba]hlh\bl_ey; _keb k\_lbevgbd ihklZ\ey_lky k eZfihc, lh mdZau\Z_lky k\_lh\Zy hl^ZqZ eZfiu (ef/<l) kh]eZkgh ^Zgguf ba]hlh\bl_ey. 8. < ^hiheg_gb_ d ijb\_^_gghc \ imgdl_ 7 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ bgnhjfZpbb ij_^hklZ\ey_lky ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby (\ ex[hc m^h[ghc ^ey ba]hlh\bl_ey nhjf_): Z) ^ey eZfi: jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ fhsghklb eZfiu; jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu; ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, _keb baf_jy_fuc k\_lh\hc ihlhd \h \k_o kemqZyo h^bgZdh\, ^ey wdkiemZlZpbb ijb \ukhdhc qZklhl_ (> 50 =p) ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv dZeb[jh\hqguc lhd mkeh\bc bkiulZgby b (beb) jZkq_lgh_ gZijy`_gb_ \ukhdhqZklhlgh]h ]_g_jZlhjZ k khijhlb\e_gb_f. LZd`_ ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv, qlh \ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ g_ \dexq_gu ihl_jb fhsghklb \ j_amevlZl_ bkihevah\Zgby lZdbo \kihfh]Zl_evguo mkljhckl\, dZd imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu; jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu ijb 2 000 q, 4 000 q, 6 000 q, 8 000 q, 12 000 q, 16 000 q b 20 000 q (^ey gh\uo eZfi \ hlghr_gbb dhlhjuo hlkmlkl\m_l bgnhjfZpby, lhevdh ^h 8 000 q), ijb wlhf ^ey eZfi, dhlhju_ fh]ml wdkiemZlbjh\Zlvky ijb qZklhl_ 50 =p b [he__ ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv qZklhlm wdkiemZlZpbb; jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu ijb 2 000 q, 4 000 q, 6 000 q, 8 000 q, 12 000 q, 16 000 q b 20 000 q (^ey gh\uo eZfi, ^ey dhlhjuo hlkmlkl\m_l bgnhjfZpby, lhevdh ^h 8 000 q), ijb wlhf ^ey eZfi, dhlhju_ fh]ml wdkiemZlbjh\Zlvky dZd
32 ijb qZklhl_ 50 =p, lZd b [he__ \ukhdhc qZklhl_, ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv qZklhlm wdkiemZlZpbb; l_fi_jZlmjZ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u, ijb dhlhjhc eZfiZ \ k\_lbevgbd_ ^he`gZ kha^Z\Zlv k\hc fZdkbfZevguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd. ?keb l_fi_jZlmjZ khklZ\ey_l f_g__ 0 °C beb [he__ 50 °C, lh ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv, qlh eZfiZ g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ a^Zgbyo; [) ^ey k\_lbevgbdh\: _keb imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl beb eZfiZ g_ ihklZ\eyxlky \f_kl_ kh k\_lbevgbdhf, lh bgnhjfZpbx h kh\f_klbfuo kh k\_lbevgbdhf lbiZo eZfi b imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ ke_^m_l ij_^hklZ\eylv ba dZlZeh]h\ ba]hlh\bl_e_c (gZijbf_j, f_`^mgZjh^ghc kbkl_fu h[hagZq_gby eZfi ILCOS); jmdh\h^kl\h ih l_ogbq_kdhfm h[kem`b\Zgbx k\_lbevgbdZ ^ey h[_ki_q_gby khojZg_gby _]h i_j\hgZqZevgh]h dZq_kl\Z \ l_q_gb_ \k_]h kjhdZ kem`[u; jmdh\h^kl\h ih fhglZ`m; ^ey \k_o k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby bgnhjfZpby h lhf, kdhgkljmbjh\Zgu eb hgb ^ey jZ[hlu k eZfihc, bf_xs_c dhe[m ba ijhajZqgh]h b (beb) fZlh\h]h kl_deZ. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi [_a \kljh_ggh]h imkdhj_]mebjmxs_]h ZiiZjZlZ, ]ZahjZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdh]h ^Z\e_gby, imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey lZdbo eZfi ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) eZfi we_dljbq_kdbo ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`gZ [ulv bkiulZgZ iZjlby, khklhysZy fbgbfmf ba 20 h[jZaph\ 1 fh^_eb b 1 ba]hlh\bl_ey. Baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd h[jZaph\ ijh^mdpbb ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f,
33 b g_ hldehgylvky [he__ q_f gZ 10 % hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc oZjZdl_jbklbd, mdZaZgguo \ gZklhys_f ^hdmf_gl_. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev we_dljbq_kdhc eZfiu ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. 10. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 h[jZa_p fh^_eb 1 ba]hlh\bl_ey. Baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd h[jZapZ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev imkdhj_]mebjmxsbo ZiiZjZlh\ b k\_lbevgbdh\ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, \ wlhf kemqZ_ ijh\_jyxlky 3 ^jm]bo h[jZapZ ^Zgghc fh^_eb. ?keb agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd h[jZaph\ khhl\_lkl\mxl ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, lh kqblZ_lky, qlh ^ZggZy fh^_ev khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 14 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbч_kdhc эnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^gыo eZfi b k\яaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgbя I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) dZd hl^_evgh, lZd b \kljh_ggufb \ ^jm]b_ ba^_eby eZfiu gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi (LED), Z lZd`_ k\yaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx we_dljhiblZgby b eZfiZfb, \dexqZy imkdhj_]mebjmxsb_ ZiiZjZlu (^Ze__ – IJА) eZfi, mkljhckl\Z mijZ\e_gby b k\_lbevgbdb, aZ bkdexq_gb_f: Z) eZfi ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby, g_ ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey hk\_s_gby; [) IJА b k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi b jZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb; \) k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c, aZy\e_gguo dZd qZklv k\_lbevgbdh\ ijb jZaf_j_ iZjlbb g_ [he__ 200 _^bgbp \ ]h^. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi b k\yaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ),
2 mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, eZfiu gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^gu_ eZfiu b k\yaZggh_ k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Zglb[ebdh\uc wdjZg» − f_oZgbq_kdZy beb hilbq_kdZy hljZ`ZxsZy beb g_hljZ`ZxsZy g_ijhajZqgZy i_j_]hjh^dZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey [ehdbjh\Zgby ijyfh]h \b^bfh]h baemq_gby, bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ, l. _. eZfiu gZijZ\e_ggh]h ^_ckl\by, iha\heyxsZy ij_^hl\jZlblv \j_f_ggh_ hke_ie_gb_ ([ebdb bg\Zeb^ghklb), _keb gZ[ex^Zl_ev kfhljbl ijyfh gZ bklhqgbd k\_lZ. D g_fm g_ hlghkblky ihdjulb_ ih\_joghklb bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ \ eZfi_ gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ; «[ZeeZkl» − IJА, \dexq_gguc f_`^m we_dljbq_kdbf bklhqgbdhf b h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb jZajy^gufb eZfiZfb, dhlhjuc k ihfhsvx bg^mdlb\ghklb, _fdhklb beb dhf[bgZpbb ba bg^mdlb\ghklb b _fdhklb, kem`bl \ hkgh\ghf ^ey h]jZgbq_gby lhdZ eZfiu (eZfi) ^h lj_[m_fh]h agZq_gby; «\g_rgbc IJА» − g_\kljh_gguc IJА, dhlhjuc ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey mklZgh\db \g_ dhjimkZ eZfiu beb k\_lbevgbdZ eb[h dhlhjuc fh`_l [ulv m^Ze_g ba dhjimkZ [_a kms_kl\_ggh]h ih\j_`^_gby eZfiu beb k\_lbevgbdZ; «\hevnjZfh\Zy ]Zeh]_ggZy eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby» − eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby, gblv gZdZeZ dhlhjhc khklhbl ba \hevnjZfZ b hdjm`_gZ h[hehqdhc, aZiheg_gghc ]Zeh]_gZfb beb ]Zeh]_ggufb kh_^bg_gbyfb;
3 «\j_fy aZ`b]Zgby» − \j_fy, g_h[oh^bfh_ ^ey ihegh]h aZ]hjZgby b ^Zevg_cr_]h ]hj_gby eZfiu ihke_ __ \dexq_gby \ k_lv; «\j_fy jZa]hjZgby» − \j_fy, \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h ^hklb]Z_lky 60 % ghfbgZevgh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ihke_ \dexq_gby eZfiu \ k_lv; «ba^_eb_ ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby» − ba^_eb_, bkihevamxs__ l_ogheh]bb, gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky lj_[h\Zgby l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), gh dhlhjh_ ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ ki_pbZevguo ijbeh`_gbyo \ k\yab k _]h l_ogbq_kdbfb iZjZf_ljZfb, dZd aZy\e_gh \ l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb. D ki_pbZevguf ijbeh`_gbyf hlghkylky lZdb_ ijbeh`_gby, dhlhju_ lj_[mxl l_ogbq_kdbo iZjZf_ljh\, g_ y\eyxsboky g_h[oh^bfufb ^ey p_e_c hk\_s_gby kp_g beb h[t_dlh\ \ h[uqguo mkeh\byo, Z bf_ggh: ijbeh`_gby, ]^_ hkgh\ghc p_evx g_ y\ey_lky hk\_s_gb_, \ qZklghklb: baemq_gb_ k\_lZ \ dZq_kl\_ Z]_glZ \ obfbq_kdbo beb [bheh]bq_kdbo ijhp_kkZo (ihebf_jbaZpby, mevljZnbhe_lh\uc k\_l, bkihevam_fuc ^ey hl\_j^_gby, kmrdb beb aZdZedb, nhlh^bgZfbq_kdZy l_jZiby, \ kZ^h\h^kl\_, `b\hlgh\h^kl\_, ijb[hjZo [hjv[u k gZk_dhfufb); kb]gZebaZpby (gZijbf_j, mijZ\e_gb_ ^\b`_gb_f beb Zwjh^jhfgu_ eZfiu); ijbeh`_gby ^ey hk\_s_gby, \ qZklghklb: ki_dljZevgh_ jZkij_^_e_gb_ k\_lZ – ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey baf_g_gby \g_rg_]h \b^Z kp_gu beb hk\_s_gby h[t_dlZ, \ ^hiheg_gb_ d _]h \b^bfhfm khklhygbx (gZijbf_j, hk\_s_gb_ \u^Z\Z_fhc ibsb beb
4 p\_lgu_ eZfiu, hij_^_e_ggu_ \ imgdl_ 5.5 jZa^_eZ IV gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ), aZ bkdexq_gb_f \ZjbZpbc \ p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmj_ ZgZeh]bqgufb kihkh[Zfb; ki_dljZevgh_ jZkij_^_e_gb_ k\_lZ gZkljZb\Z_lky gZ hkh[u_ ihlj_[ghklb dhgdj_lgh]h l_ogbq_kdh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby \ ^hiheg_gb_ d kha^Zgbx kp_gu beb h[t_dlZ, \b^bfh]h ^ey q_eh\_dZ (gZijbf_j, klm^bcgh_ hk\_s_gb_, hk\_s_gb_ ^ey rhm-wnn_dlh\, l_ZljZevgh_ hk\_s_gb_); hk\_s_gb_ kp_gu beb h[t_dlZ lj_[m_l ki_pbZevghc aZsblu hl g_]Zlb\gh]h \ha^_ckl\by bklhqgbdZ k\_lZ (gZijbf_j, hk\_s_gb_ k hkh[hc nbevljZpb_c ^ey k\_lhqm\kl\bl_evguo iZpb_glh\ beb k\_lhqm\kl\bl_evguo fma_cguo wdkihgZlh\); hk\_s_gb_ lj_[m_lky lhevdh \ qj_a\uqZcguo kblmZpbyo (gZijbf_j, k\_lbevgbdb Z\Zjbcgh]h hk\_s_gby beb h[hjm^h\Zgb_ hi_jZpbhgghc ^ey Z\Zjbcgh]h hk\_s_gby); hk\_lbl_evgu_ ijb[hju ^he`gu \u^_j`b\Zlv wdklj_fZevgu_ nbabq_kdb_ mkeh\by (gZijbf_j, \b[jZpbb beb l_fi_jZlmjm gb`_ fbgmk 20 °K beb \ur_ 50 °C); ba^_eby, kh^_j`Zsb_ hk\_lbl_evgu_ k\_lhl_ogbq_kdb_ ijb[hju, \ dhlhjuo hkgh\ghc p_evx g_ y\ey_lky hk\_s_gb_, b bf_xsb_ iZjZf_lju, dhlhju_ aZ\bkyl hl aZljZl we_dljhwg_j]bb ijb \uiheg_gbb _]h hkgh\ghc p_eb \h \j_fy bkihevah\Zgby (gZijbf_j, oheh^bevgbdb, r\_cgu_ fZrbgu, wg^hkdhiu, ZgZebaZlhju djh\b); «bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb» (RК) − f_jZ khhl\_lkl\by ajbl_evguo \hkijbylbc p\_lgh]h h[t_dlZ, hk\_s_ggh]h bkke_^m_fuf b klZg^Zjlguf bklhqgbdZfb k\_lZ ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo gZ[ex^_gby;
5 «bklhqgbd k\_lZ» − ih\_joghklv beb h[t_dl, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ]eZ\guf h[jZahf ^ey \b^bfh]h hilbq_kdh]h baemq_gby, \hagbdZxs_]h ijb ij_h[jZah\Zgbb wg_j]bb. Ihgylb_ «\b^bfuc» hlghkblky d ^ebgZf \heg 380 – 780 gf; «dhfiZdlgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ» − exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc __ aZ`b]Zgb_ b klZ[bevgmx jZ[hlm h[_ki_qb\Zxl \kljh_gguc \ phdhev imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl b ^jm]b_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ we_f_glu; «dhjj_ebjh\ZggZy p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ» (Tc [K]) – l_fi_jZlmjZ baemqZl_ey ieZgdh\kdh]h (q_jgh]h l_eZ), \hkijbgbfZ_fuc p\_l dhlhjh]h gZb[he__ [ebadh gZihfbgZ_l lhl, dhlhjuc bf__l ^Zgguc jZa^jZ`bl_ev ijb h^bgZdh\hc yjdhklb b ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo ijhkfhljZ; «dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb» − hlghr_gb_ Zdlb\ghc (ihe_aghc) fhsghklb d iheghc fhsghklb ijb jZ[hl_ gZ i_j_f_gghf lhd_; «dhwnnbpb_gl khojZg_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu» (LLMF) − hlghr_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu \ aZ^Zgguc fhf_gl __ kjhdZ kem`[u (`bag_ggh]h pbdeZ) d gZqZevghfm k\_lh\hfm ihlhdm wlhc eZfiu; «dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfi» (LSF) − ^hey _s_ nmgdpbhgbjmxsbo \ ^Zgguc fhf_gl ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b ijb hij_^_e_gghc qZklhl_ \dexq_gbc (i_j_dexq_gbc) eZfi hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi; «eZfiZ» − bklhqgbd hilbq_kdh]h baemq_gby, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \ j_amevlZl_ ij_h[jZah\Zgby we_dljbq_kdhc wg_j]bb; «eZfiZ gZdZeb\Zgby» − eZfiZ k ]_jf_lbqghc dhe[hc, \ dhlhjhc k\_l baemqZ_lky l_ehf (gblvx) gZdZeZ ijb ijhoh`^_gbb q_j_a g_]h we_dljbq_kdh]h lhdZ \ \Zdmmf_ beb Zlfhkn_j_ bg_jlgh]h ]ZaZ;
6 «eZfiZ gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» − eZfiZ, dhlhjZy baemqZ_l dZd fbgbfmf 80 % k\h_]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ ij_^_eZo l_e_kgh]h m]eZ 3,14 kl_jZ^bZg (khhl\_lkl\m_l dhgmkm k m]ehf ijb \_jrbg_ 120º); «eZfiZ g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ» − eZfiZ, dhlhjZy g_ y\ey_lky eZfihc k gZijZ\e_gguf k\_lhbaemq_gb_f; «exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ» − jlmlgZy eZfiZ gbadh]h ^Z\e_gby, \ dhlhjhc k\_l baemqZ_l h^bg beb g_kdhevdh keh_\ exfbghnhjZ, \ha[m`^Z_fuo mevljZnbhe_lh\uf baemq_gb_f we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z. Exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu ihklZ\eyxlky kh \kljh_gguf imkdhj_]mebjmxsbf ZiiZjZlhf beb [_a g_]h; «exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ [_a \kljh_ggh]h [ZeeZklZ» − h^gh- beb ^\mophdhevgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ [_a \kljh_ggh]h [ZeeZklZ; «fhsghklv h`b^Zgby» − fhsghklv, ihlj_[ey_fZy IJА \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby; «fhsghklv ohehklh]h oh^Z» − fhsghklv, ihlj_[ey_fZy IJА \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z; «gZqZevguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd» − k\_lh\hc ihlhd eZfiu ihke_ g_ijh^he`bl_evgh]h i_jbh^Z wdkiemZlZpbb; «ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_» − dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb aZ^Zgguo jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo, bkihevam_fh_ ^ey h[hagZq_gby beb b^_glbnbdZpbb ba^_eby b mdZau\Z_fh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo; «h^ghjh^ghklv p\_lZ» − fZdkbfZevgh_ hldehg_gb_ dhhj^bgZl p\_lghklb (o b m) h[jZapZ eZfiu hl p_gljZ p\_lghklb (cx b cy), \ujZ`_ggh_ \ _^bgbpZo jZaf_jZ (^bkdj_lguo) weebikZ FZdА^ZfZ, ihkljh_ggh]h \hdjm] p_gljZ p\_lghklb (cx b cy); «hk\_s_gb_» − ijbf_g_gb_ k\_lZ gZ kp_g_, gZ h[t_dlZo beb \[ebab gbo lZd, qlh[u hgb fh]eb [ulv \b^bfufb ex^vfb;
7 «iZljhg» − mkljhckl\h, \ dhlhjh_ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl gZagZq_gby \klZ\eyxlky eZfiZ beb klZjl_j ^ey bo dj_ie_gby b ijbkh_^bg_gby d we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb; «ih^k\_ldZ» − \b^ hk\_s_gby, dh]^Z k\_l gZijZ\ey_lky lZdbf h[jZahf, qlh[u \u^_eblv h[t_dl beb qZklv iehsZ^b; «ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd» (Φuse) − qZklv k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu, ihiZ^Zxs_]h \ dhgmk, bkihevam_fuc ^ey jZkq_lZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfiu \ imgdl_ 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; «ij_`^_\j_f_gguc hldZa» − \uoh^ eZfiu ba kljhy ^h bkl_q_gby kjhdZ kem`[u, mklZgh\e_ggh]h \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo gZ eZfim; «imkdhj_]mebjmxsbc ZiiZjZl (IJА)» − mkljhckl\h, \dexqZ_fh_ f_`^m k_lvx b h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb jZajy^gufb eZfiZfb, dhlhjh_ ihkj_^kl\hf bg^mdlb\ghklb, _fdhklb beb bo dhf[bgZpbb h[_ki_qb\Z_l ]eZ\guf h[jZahf h]jZgbq_gb_ lhdZ eZfiu gZ mjh\g_ lj_[m_fh]h agZq_gby. IJА fh`_l khklhylv ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo [ehdh\. IJА lZd`_ fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv kj_^kl\Z ^ey ljZgknhjfZpbb gZijy`_gby k_lb b mkljhckl\Z, ihfh]Zxsb_ h[_ki_qblv gZijy`_gb_ ^ey aZ`b]Zgby eZfiu, ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ oheh^gh]h aZ`b]Zgby, mf_gvr_gb_ kljh[hkdhibq_kdh]h wnn_dlZ, bkijZ\e_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb b (beb) ih^Z\e_gb_ k_l_\uo jZ^bhihf_o. IJА fh`_l [ulv \kljh_g \ eZfim beb hl^_e_g hl g__; «IJА ]Zeh]_gghc eZfiu» − IJА, ij_h[jZamxsbc gZijy`_gb_ k_lb \ gbadh_ gZijy`_gb_ ^ey iblZgby ]Zeh]_gguo eZfi; «jZajy^gZy eZfiZ» − eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc hilbq_kdh_ baemq_gb_ \hagbdZ_l \ j_amevlZl_ we_dljbq_kdh]h jZajy^Z \ ]Za_, iZjZo f_lZeeh\, ]Zeh]_gb^h\ b bo kf_kb;
8 «jZajy^gZy eZfiZ \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb» − we_dljbq_kdZy jZajy^gZy eZfiZ, \ dhlhjhc k\_lhbaemqZxsZy ^m]Z klZ[bebabjm_lky l_fi_jZlmjhc kl_gdb b ^ey wlhc ^m]b gZ]jmadZ kl_gdb [ZeehgZ khklZ\ey_l [he__ 3 <l gZ d\Z^jZlguc kZglbf_lj; «jZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_» − dhebq_kl\_ggh_ agZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ijb hij_^_e_gguo jZ[hqbo mkeh\byo. AgZq_gby b mkeh\by ijb\h^ylky \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo klZg^ZjlZo beb khh[sZxlky ba]hlh\bl_e_f (ihklZ\sbdhf). ?keb g_ mdZaZgh gbq_]h bgh]h, lh \k_ lj_[h\Zgby \ujZ`_gu dZd jZkq_lgu_ agZq_gby. JZkq_lgh_ agZq_gb_ ihemqZ_lky jZkq_lguf iml_f, lh _klv g_wdki_jbf_glZevguf iml_f; «j_`bf ohehklh]h oh^Z» − khklhygb_ IJА, ijb dhlhjhf hg ih^dexq_g d bklhqgbdm iblZgby, b dh]^Z _]h \uoh^ hldexq_g ijb ghjfZevghc wdkiemZlZpbb hl \k_o i_j\bqguo gZ]jmahd i_j_dexqZl_e_f, ij_^gZagZq_gguf ^ey wlhc p_eb (g_bkijZ\ghklv beb hlkmlkl\b_ eZfiu eb[h hldexq_gb_ gZ]jmadb ijb kjZ[Zlu\Zgbb Z\Zjbcgh]h \udexqZl_ey g_ hlghkylky d ghjfZevghc wdkiemZlZpbb); «j_`bf h`b^Zgby» − j_`bf IJА, dh]^Z eZfiZ \udexq_gZ k ihfhsvx mijZ\eyxs_]h kb]gZeZ ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb. Ihgylb_ hlghkblky d IJА kh \kljh_gghc nmgdpb_c i_j_dexq_gby, ihklhyggh ih^dexq_gghfm d bklhqgbdm iblZgby ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo wdkiemZlZpbb; «jlmlvkh^_j`ZsZy eZfiZ» − eZfiZ, kh^_j`ZsZy jlmlv; «k\_lbevgbd» − mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ jZkij_^_ey_l, nbevljm_l beb ij_h[jZam_l k\_l, baemqZ_fuc h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb eZfiZfb, b dhlhjh_ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y \k_ qZklb, g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey m^_j`Zgby, nbdkZpbb b aZsblu eZfiu b ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb \kihfh]Zl_evgu_ ko_fu \f_kl_ kh kj_^kl\Zfb ^ey ih^dexq_gby we_dljhiblZgby;
9 «k\_lh\hc ihlhd» (Φ) − wg_j]by \b^bfh]h baemq_gby, i_j_ghkbfZy ihlhdhf baemq_gby \ _^bgbpm \j_f_gb; «k\_lh^bh^» (LED) − ihemijh\h^gbdh\uc ijb[hj k p-n i_j_oh^hf, bkimkdZxsbc g_dh]_j_glgh_ \b^bfh_ baemq_gb_ ijb ih^Zq_ gZ g_]h we_dljbq_kdh]h gZijy`_gby; «k\_lh^bh^gZy k[hjdZ» − dhfie_dl ba h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo k\_lh^bh^h\. K[hjdZ fh`_l \dexqZlv \ k_[y hilbq_kdbc we_f_gl b l_ieh\u_, f_oZgbq_kdb_ b we_dljbq_kdb_ dhfihg_glu; «k\_lh^bh^gZy eZfiZ» − eZfiZ, kh^_j`ZsZy h^gm beb g_kdhevdh k\_lh^bh^guo k[hjhd. EZfiZ fh`_l [ulv kgZ[`_gZ phdhe_f; «k\_lh^bh^guc fh^mev» − dhfie_dl, g_ bf_xsbc djurdb b kh^_j`Zsbc h^gm beb g_kdhevdh k\_lh^bh^guo k[hjhd gZ i_qZlghc ieZl_. Dhfie_dl fh`_l \dexqZlv \ k_[y we_dljbq_kdb_, hilbq_kdb_, f_oZgbq_kdb_ b l_ieh\u_ dhfihg_glu, bgl_jn_cku b mkljhckl\h mijZ\e_gby; «kbeZ k\_lZ» (dZg^_eZ beb d^) − hlghr_gb_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ, bkimkdZ_fh]h bklhqgbdhf \ hij_^_e_gghf l_e_kghf m]e_ \ aZjZg__ hij_^_e_gghf gZijZ\e_gbb, d \_ebqbg_ wlh]h l_e_kgh]h m]eZ; «kh\f_klbfhklv» − hagZqZ_l, qlh _keb mkljhckl\h ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey \kljZb\Zgby \ h^gh h[hjm^h\Zgb_, mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky \ ^jm]h_ mkljhckl\h beb ih^dexqZ_lky d g_fm q_j_a nbabq_kdbc kh_^bgbl_ev eb[h iml_f [_kijh\h^gh]h kh_^bg_gby, lh: \hafh`gh \uihegblv mklZgh\dm, \kljZb\Zgb_ beb kh_^bg_gb_; kjZam ihke_ gZqZeZ bo kh\f_klgh]h bkihevah\Zgby ihevah\Zl_eb g_ h[gZjm`Zl ^_n_dlZ \ dZdhf-eb[h ba mkljhckl\; [_ahiZkghklv kh\f_klgh]h bkihevah\Zgby mkljhckl\ g_ f_g__, q_f dh]^Z l_ `_ mkljhckl\Z ih hl^_evghklb bkihevamxlky kh\f_klgh k ^jm]bfb mkljhckl\Zfb;
10 «kjhd kem`[u eZfiu» − ijh^he`bl_evghklv jZ[hlu, ihke_ dhlhjhc qZklv hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi, dhlhju_ ijh^he`Zxl nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv, khhl\_lkl\m_l djbl_jbx j_kmjkZ eZfiu ijb hij_^_e_gguo mkeh\byo b qZklhl_ dhffmlZpbb. >ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi kjhd kem`[u eZfiu hagZqZ_l \j_fy jZ[hlu f_`^m gZqZehf bo bkihevah\Zgby b fhf_glhf, dh]^Z hklZxlky nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv lhevdh 50 % hl h[s_]h dhebq_kl\Z eZfi beb dh]^Z kj_^gbc k\_lh\hc ihlhd \ iZjlbb eZfi iZ^Z_l gb`_ 70 %, \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, qlh ijhbahc^_l jZg__; «m]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ» − m]he f_`^m ^\mfy \hh[jZ`Z_fufb ijyfufb \ iehkdhklb, ijhoh^ys_c q_j_a hilbq_kdmx hkv emqZ, wlb ebgbb ijhoh^yl q_j_a p_glj i_j_^g_c klhjhgu eZfiu b lhqdb, \ dhlhjuo bgl_gkb\ghklv k\_lZ khklZ\ey_l 50 % hl kbeu k\_lZ \ p_glj_ emqZ, ]^_ kbeZ k\_lZ \ p_glj_ emqZ y\ey_lky agZq_gb_f, baf_j_gguf gZ hilbq_kdhc hkb emqZ; «mijZ\eyxsbc kb]gZe» − ZgZeh]h\uc beb pbnjh\hc kb]gZe, i_j_^Z\Z_fuc gZ IJА q_j_a [_kijh\h^gmx beb ijh\h^gmx ebgbx k\yab eb[h ihkj_^kl\hf fh^meypbb gZijy`_gby \ hl^_evguo dZ[_eyo mijZ\e_gby beb k ihfhsvx fh^mebjh\Zggh]h kb]gZeZ, gZdeZ^u\Z_fh]h gZ gZijy`_gb_ k_lb; «mkljhckl\h mijZ\e_gby» − we_dljhggh_ beb f_oZgbq_kdh_ mkljhckl\h ^ey dhgljhey b j_]mebjh\Zgby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu k ihfhsvx ^jm]bo kj_^kl\, q_f ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ wg_j]bb, lZdbo dZd i_j_dexqZl_eb ih \j_f_gb, ^Zlqbdb ijbkmlkl\by, ^Zlqbdb k\_lZ b mkljhckl\Z j_]mebjh\Zgby ^g_\gh]h k\_lZ. Djhf_ lh]h, ^bff_ju k hlk_qdhc nZau ^he`gu lZd`_ jZkkfZljb\Zlvky \ dZq_kl\_ mkljhckl\ mijZ\e_gby;
11 «p\_lghklv» − oZjZdl_jbklbdZ dZq_kl\Z p\_lZ eZfiu, hij_^_ey_fZy __ dhhj^bgZlZfb p\_lghklb; «pbde i_j_dexq_gby» − ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv \dexq_gby b \udexq_gby eZfiu q_j_a hij_^_e_ggu_ ijhf_`mldb \j_f_gb; «phdhev» − ^_lZev we_dljbq_kdhc eZfiu, kem`ZsZy ^ey __ dj_ie_gby \ iZljhg_ b h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ijbkh_^bg_gb_ d iblZxs_c k_lb; «we_dljbq_kdh_ k\_lhl_ogbq_kdh_ ba^_eb_» − ba^_eb_, kdhgkljmbjh\Zggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ dZq_kl\_ we_dljbq_kdh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby b ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey ijbf_g_gby \ p_eyo hk\_s_gby. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b ijZ\beZf hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. Ba]hlh\bl_e_f ^he`_g [ulv ijhba\_^_g jZkq_l ke_^mxsbo ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi b k\yaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby k g_h[oh^bfufb bkiulZgbyfb (baf_j_gbyfb): bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi; wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv IJА; oZjZdl_jbklbdb eZfi, mdZaZggu_ \ gZklhys_f jZa^_e_. Kjhdb wlZih\ \\_^_gby lj_[h\Zgbc ijb\_^_gu \ imgdl_ 10 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ. 1. JZkq_l bg^_dkZ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ 4. Bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) eZfiu jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 agZdh\ ihke_ aZiylhc): EEI = Pcor / Pref, ]^_:
12 Pcor − jZkq_lgZy fhsghklv, baf_j_ggZy ijb ghfbgZevghf \oh^ghf gZijy`_gbb b kdhjj_dlbjh\ZggZy ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lZ[ebp_c 1. IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu \ lZ[ebp_ ih \hafh`ghklb h[t_^bg_gu. LZ[ebpZ 1 IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu Lbi eZfiu Dhwnnbpb_gl D EZfiZ, jZ[hlZxsZy k \g_rgbf IJА ^ey ]Zeh]_gguo eZfi Prated x 1,06 EZfiZ, jZ[hlZxsZy k \g_rgbf IJА ^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi Prated x 1,10 Exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ ^bZf_ljhf 16 ff (eZfiZ T5) b 4-dhglZdlgZy h^ghphdhevgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ, jZ[hlZxsZy k \g_rgbf IJА ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi Prated x 1,10 >jm]b_ eZfiu, jZ[hlZxsb_ k \g_rgbfb IJА ^ey exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi Prated × EZfiZ, jZ[hlZxsZy k \g_rgbf IJА ^ey jZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb Prated x 1,10 DhfiZdlgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ k bg^_dkhf p\_lhi_j_^Zqb ≥ 90 Prated x 0,85 EZfiZ k Zglb[ebdh\uf wdjZghf Prated x 0,80 Pref – wlZehggZy fhsghklv, \uqbkey_fZy ^ey ihe_agh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfiu (Φuse) ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: ^ey fh^_e_c eZfi k Φuse < 1 300 ef P ref = 0,88 , ^ey fh^_e_c eZfi k Φuse ≥ 1 300 ef Pref = 0,07341 Φuse, Φuse hij_^_ey_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf: ^ey eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ k m]ehf jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ ≥ 90° djhf_ eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby b eZfi, bf_xsbo ij_^mij_`^_gb_ gZ miZdh\d_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Z[aZpZfb q_lujgZ^pZluf b \hk_fgZ^pZluf ih^imgdlZ
13 «Z» imgdlZ 11 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, – ghfbgZevguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd \ dhgmk_ 120° (Φ120°); ^ey ^jm]bo eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ – jZkq_lguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd \ dhgmk_ 90° (Φ90°). 2. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ 5. FZdkbfZevgu_ agZq_gby EEI eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h eZfi ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 2. MdZaZggu_ lj_[h\Zgby ^he`gu ijbf_gylvky k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z. LZ[ebpZ 2 FZdkbfZevgu_ agZq_gby bg^_dkZ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) 3. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb IJА 6. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, fhsghklv ohehklh]h oh^Z IJА, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey bkihevah\Zgby f_`^m we_dljbq_kdhc k_lvx b i_j_dexqZl_e_f ^ey \dexq_gby (\udexq_gby) eZfiu, g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 1,0 <l. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 3, wlhl ij_^_e ^he`_g [ulv jZ\_g 0,50 <l. >ey IJА eZfi k \uoh^ghc fhsghklvx (P) [he__ 250 <l ij_^_eu ЭlZiu FZdkbfZevguc bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) ^Zfiu gZdZeb\Zgby, jZ[hlZxsb_ hl k_lb ^jm]b_ eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby jZajy^gu_ eZfiu \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb ^jm]b_ eZfiu ЭlZi 1 _keb Φuse > 450ef: 1,75 _keb Φuse ≤ 450ef: 1,20 _keb Φuse > 450ef: 0,95 0,50 0,50 ЭlZi 2 1,75 0,95 0,50 0,50 ЭlZi 3 0,95 0,95 0,360 0,20
14 fhsghklb ohehklh]h oh^Z ^he`gu [ulv mfgh`_gu gZ dhwnnbpb_gl P/250 <l. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 3, mklZgh\b\rZyky fhsghklv IJА eZfi g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 0,50 <l. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, wnn_dlb\ghklv IJА ]Zeh]_gghc eZfiu ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 0,91 ijb 100 % gZ]jmad_. 4. Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf eZfi 7. Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, djhf_ k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi. Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf eZfi ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 3 ^ey dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ b \ lZ[ebp_ 4 ^ey eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi b jZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb. LZ[ebpZ 3 Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ ЭlZi 1 ЭlZi 3 Dhwnnbpb_gl ]h^guo eZfi ihke_ 6 000 q ≥ 0,50 ≥ 0,70 Dhwnnbpb_gl klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ijb 2 000 q: ≥ 0,80 % ijb 2 000 q: ≥ 0,83 % ijb 6 000 q: ≥ 0,70 % Dhebq_kl\h i_j_dexq_gbc ^h hldZaZ ≥ iheh\bgu kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu \ qZkZo ≥ 10 000, _keb eZfiZ \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby > 0,3 k ≥ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (\ q) ≥ 30 000, _keb eZfiZ \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby > 0,3 k <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby < 2,0 k < 1,5 k _keb P < 10 <l < 1,0 k _keb P ≥ 10 <l <j_fy jZa]hjZgby ^h 60 %, Φ < 40,0 k beb < 100 k ^ey eZfi, kh^_j`Zsbo jlmlv \ < 40 k beb < 100 k ^ey eZfi, kh^_j`Zsbo jlmlv \
15 ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ ЭlZi 1 ЭlZi 3 nhjf_ ZfZev]Zfu nhjf_ ZfZev]Zfu ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_gguo hldZah\ ≤ 5,0 % ijb 500 q ≤ 5,0 % ijb 1 000 q Dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfiu ^ey eZfi kh \kljh_gguf IJА ≥ 0,50 _keb P < 25 <l ≥ 0,90 _keb P ≥ 25 <l ≥ 0,55, _keb P < 25 <l ≥ 0,90, _keb P ≥ 25 <l Bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (Ra) ≥ 80 ≥ 65, _keb eZfiZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey gZjm`gh]h hk\_s_gby beb ^ey ijhfure_ggh]h ijbf_g_gby ≥ 80 ≥ 65, _keb eZfiZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey gZjm`gh]h beb ijhfure_ggh]h ijbf_g_gby ?keb phdhev eZfiu hlghkblky d klZg^Zjlghfm lbim b bkihevam_lky lZd`_ k eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby, lh, gZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, eZfiZ ^he`gZ khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv kh\j_f_gghfm mjh\gx lj_[h\Zgbc d kh\f_klbfhklb k h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, ij_^gZagZq_gguf ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby. LZ[ebpZ 4 Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf ^jm]bo eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ (djhf_ k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi, dhfiZdlguo exfbg_kp_glguo eZfi b jZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb) ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ ЭlZiu 1 b 2 ЭlZi 3 GhfbgZevguc kjhd kem`[u eZfiu ijb dhwnnbpb_gl_ ]h^guo eZfi 50 % ≥ 1 000 q ( ≥ 2 000 q gZ wlZi_ 2) ≥ 2 000 q ^ey eZfi k\_jogbadh]h gZijy`_gby, g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo lj_[h\Zgbyf wlZiZ 3 d wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lZ[ebp_c 2 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc ≥ 2 000 q ≥ 4 000 q ^ey eZfi k\_jogbadh]h gZijy`_gby Dhwnnbpb_gl klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ≥ 80 % ijb 75 % hl ghfbgZevgh]h kj_^g_]h kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu ≥ 80 % ijb 75 % hl ghfbgZevgh]h kj_^g_]h kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu
16 Dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gby ≥ q_luj_odjZlgh]h ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (\ q) ≥ q_luj_odjZlgh]h ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu (\ q) <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby < 0,2 k < 0,2 k <j_fy jZa]hjZgby eZfiu ^h 60 %, Φ ≤ 1,0 k ≤ 1,0 k ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_gguo hldZah\ ≤ 5,0 % ijb 100 q ≤ 5,0 % ijb 200 q Dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfi kh \kljh_gguf IJА fhsghklv > 25 <l: ≥ 0,9 fhsghklv ≤ 25 <l: ≥ 0,5 fhsghklv > 25 <l: ≥ 0,9 fhsghklv ≤ 25 <l: ≥ 0,5 8. Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h b gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ. Lj_[h\Zgby d l_ogbq_kdbf oZjZdl_jbklbdZf k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h b gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_ 5. LZ[ebpZ 5 Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h b gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ ХZjZdl_jbklbdZ Lj_[h\Zgby gZ wlZi_ 1 Dhwnnbpb_gl ]h^guo eZfi q_j_a 6 000 q ≥ 0,90 Dhwnnbpb_gl klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ijb 6 000 q jZ[hlu ≥ 0,80 Dhebq_kl\h i_j_dexq_gbc ^h hldZaZ ≥ 15 000, _keb ghfbgZevguc kjhd kem`[u eZfiu ≥ 30 000 q, lh g_ f_g__ iheh\bgu ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u (\ q) <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby < 0,5 k <j_fy jZa]hjZgby eZfiu ^h 95 %, Φ < 2 k ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_gguo hldZah\ ≤ 5% ijb 1 000 q Bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (Ra) ≥80 ≥ 65, _keb eZfiZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey gZjm`gh]h beb ^ey ijhfure_ggh]h ijbf_g_gby H^ghjh^ghklv p\_lZ Baf_g_gb_ dhhj^bgZl p\_lghklb \ ]jZgbpZo r_klb _^bgbpZo weebikZ FZdА^ZfZ beb f_gvr_
17 Dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfiu (PF) ^ey eZfi kh \kljh_gguf IJА P ≤ 2 <l: g_l lj_[h\Zgbc 2 <l < P ≤ 5 <l: PF > 0,4 5 <l < P ≤ 25 <l: PF > 0,5 P > 25 <l: PF > 0,9 ?keb phdhev eZfiu hlghkblky d klZg^Zjlghfm lbim b bkihevam_lky lZd`_ k eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby, lh, gZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, eZfiZ ^he`gZ khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv kh\j_f_gghfm mjh\gx lj_[h\Zgbc d kh\f_klbfhklb k h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, ij_^gZagZq_gguf ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby. 9. Lj_[h\Zgby d oZjZdl_jbklbdZf h[hjm^h\Zgby, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, h[hjm^h\Zgb_, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb, ^he`gh khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv kh\j_f_gghfm mjh\gx lj_[h\Zgbc d kh\f_klbfhklb k eZfiZfb, m dhlhjuo bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (jZkkqblZgguc ^ey eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ b eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k f_lh^hf, mdZaZgguf \ imgdl_ 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc), gh g_ [he__ : 0,24 – ^ey eZfi g_gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ (ij_^iheZ]Z_lky, qlh Φuse = iheghfm ghfbgZevghfm k\_lh\hfm ihlhdm); 0,40 – ^ey eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ. ?keb mkljhckl\h j_]mebjh\db yjdhklb mklZgh\e_gh \ iheh`_gb_ fbgbfZevghc yjdhklb, \ dhlhjhf jZ[hlZxsb_ eZfiu _s_ ihlj_[eyxl wg_j]bx, wlb jZ[hlZxsb_ eZfiu ^he`gu baemqZlv ih djZcg_c f_j_ 1 % hl bo k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ijb iheghc fhsghklb. ?keb k\_lbevgbd ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey ijbf_g_gby ihevah\Zl_e_f b _]h dhgkljmdpby iha\hey_l ijhba\h^blv aZf_gm eZfi ihevah\Zl_e_f, lh eZfiu, kh\f_klbfu_ k wlbf k\_lbevgbdhf, ^he`gu hlghkblvky d h^ghfm ba 2 klZjrbo deZkkh\ bg^_dkZ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb.
18 10. Lj_[h\Zgby, mdZaZggu_ \ ih^jZa^_eZo 2 b 3 gZklhys_]h jZa^_eZ, ijbf_gyxlky \ khhl\_lkl\bb kh ke_^mxsbfb wlZiZfb: wlZi 1 – k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z; wlZi 2 – k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z; wlZi 3 – k 1 k_gly[jy 2024 ]h^Z. ?keb lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ [m^_l aZf_g_gh beb g_ mdZaZgh bgh_, lh hgb \uihegyxlky \f_kl_ k ^jm]bfb lj_[h\Zgbyfb, \\_^_ggufb gZ [he__ iha^gbo wlZiZo. 11. < ^hiheg_gb_ d lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ jZa^_e_ IV l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, miZdh\dZ beb wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsmx bgnhjfZpbx: Z) lj_[h\Zgby d bgnhjfZpbb h ijh^mdpbb ^ey eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ. Lj_[h\Zgby g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ: eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby, g_ hl\_qZxsb_ lj_[h\Zgbyf wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb wlZiZ 2; k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb, ihklZ\ey_fu_ dZd qZklv k\_lbevgbdZ, ^ey dhlhjh]h hgb g_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey aZf_gu ihevah\Zl_e_f. GZqbgZy k wlZiZ 1, ^he`gZ [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gZ ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby (_keb g_ mklZgh\e_gh bgh_), ijb wlhf ihgylb_ «wg_j]hk[_j_]ZxsZy eZfiZ» fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\Zg, _keb bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfiu (jZkkqblZgguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k f_lh^hf, baeh`_gguf \ jZa^_e_ III gZklhysbc Lj_[h\Zgbc) jZ\_g beb gb`_ 0,40: bgnhjfZpby, gZghkbfZy gZ ih\_joghklv eZfiu (djhf_ jZajy^guo eZfi \ukhdhc bgl_gkb\ghklb) jZa[hjqb\uf rjbnlhf, – agZq_gb_ b _^bgbpZ baf_j_gby («ef», «K» b « o ») ghfbgZevgh]h ihe_agh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ, p\_lh\hc l_fi_jZlmju b ghfbgZevgh]h m]eZ
19 jZkk_b\Zgby, _keb ihke_ gZg_k_gby bgnhjfZpbb, hlghkys_cky d [_ahiZkghklb, lZdhc, dZd fhsghklv b gZijy`_gb_, gZ eZfi_ hklZ_lky ^hklZlhqgh f_klZ [_a qj_af_jgh]h aZl_g_gby baemqZ_fh]h eZfihc k\_lZ. ?keb bf__lky ^hklZlhqgh f_klZ lhevdh ^ey h^gh]h ba 3 agZq_gbc, ^he`_g [ulv mdZaZg ghfbgZevguc ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd. ?keb bf__lky f_klh ^ey 2 agZq_gbc, ^he`gu [ulv mdZaZgu ghfbgZevguc ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd b p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ. bgnhjfZpby, gZghkbfZy gZ miZdh\dm, – bgnhjfZpby h ijh^mdpbb ^he`gZ [ulv ihgylghc b q_ldhc b g_ h[yaZl_evgh ^he`gZ kh^_j`Zlv lhqgmx nhjfmebjh\dm ba mdZaZggh]h i_j_qgy, fh`_l hlh[jZ`Zlvky \ \b^_ ]jZnbdh\, jbkmgdh\ beb kbf\heh\: ghfbgZevguc ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd, hlh[jZ`Z_fuc rjbnlhf, ih djZcg_c f_j_ \^\h_ [hevrbf, q_f rjbnl, bkihevah\Zgguc ^ey hlh[jZ`_gby ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb eZfiu; ghfbgZevguc kjhd kem`[u eZfiu \ qZkZo (g_ [he__ jZkq_lgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u); p\_lh\Zy l_fi_jZlmjZ, \ujZ`_ggZy \ ]jZ^mkZo D_ev\bgZ, Z lZd`_ ]jZnbq_kdb beb keh\Zfb; dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gby ^h ij_`^_\j_f_ggh]h hldZaZ; \j_fy jZa]hjZgby ^h 60 % hl ihegh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ (fh`_l [ulv h[hagZq_gh dZd «f]gh\_gguc iheguc k\_l», _keb hgh f_g__ 1 k_dmg^u); ij_^mij_`^_gb_, _keb eZfiZ g_ ^himkdZ_l mijZ\e_gb_ yjdhklvx beb ^ey mijZ\e_gby yjdhklvx ^himklbfu lhevdh dhgdj_lgu_ ^bff_ju; (\ ihke_^g_f kemqZ_ k mdZaZgb_f i_j_qgy ^bff_jh\ ^he`_g [ulv ijb\_^_g gZ kljZgbp_ ba]hlh\bl_ey (ihklZ\sbdZ) \ bgnhjfZpbhggh- l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhgghc k_lb «Bgl_jg_l»);
20 _keb eZfiZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey hilbfZevgh]h bkihevah\Zgby \ g_klZg^Zjlguo mkeh\byo (gZijbf_j, ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^u TК ≠ 25 °K beb lj_[m_lky ki_pbZevgh_ mijZ\e_gb_ l_fi_jZlmjhc) – bgnhjfZpby h[ wlbo mkeh\byo; jZaf_ju eZfiu \ ff (^ebgu b gZb[hevrbc ^bZf_lj); ghfbgZevguc m]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ \ ]jZ^mkZo; _keb m]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ eZfiu khklZ\ey_l ≥ 90° b __ ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd, hij_^_e_gguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^jZa^_ehf 1 gZklhys_]h jZa^_eZ, ^he`_g [ulv baf_j_g \ dhgmk_ 120°, lh ijb\h^blky ij_^mij_`^Zxs__ mdZaZgb_, qlh eZfiZ g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey gZijZ\e_ggh]h hk\_s_gby; _keb phdhev eZfiu hlghkblky d klZg^Zjlbah\Zgghfm lbim, bkihevam_fhfm lZd`_ k eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby, b _keb jZaf_ju eZfiu hlebqZxlky hl jZaf_jh\ eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby, dhlhjZy ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey aZf_gu, – jbkmghd kjZ\gbl_evguo jZaf_jh\ ^Zgghc eZfiu b aZf_gy_fhc eZfiu gZdZeb\Zgby; bgnhjfZpby h lbi_, d dhlhjhfm hlghkblky eZfiZ, mdZaZgguo \ ]jZn_ i_j\hc lZ[ebpu 6, ijb\h^blky \ kemqZ_, dh]^Z k\_lh\hc ihlhd eZfiu \ dhgmk_ 90° (Φ90°) g_ gb`_ wlZehggh]h k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ, mdZaZggh]h \ lZ[ebp_ 6 ^ey eZfiu fbgbfZevghc fhsghklb kj_^b eZfiu khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h lbiZ. ЭlZehgguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd ^he`_g [ulv mfgh`_g gZ ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl, mdZaZgguc \ lZ[ebp_ 7, ^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi ^he`_g [ulv ^hihegbl_evgh mfgh`_g gZ ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl, mdZaZgguc \ lZ[ebp_ 8; bgnhjfZpby h[ wd\b\Ze_glghklb, \dexqZxsZy \ k_[y fhsghklv eZfiu aZf_gy_fh]h lbiZ – lhevdh \ kemqZ_, _keb eZfiZ hlghkblky d lbim, mdZaZgghfm \ lZ[ebp_ 6, b _keb k\_lh\hc ihlhd eZfiu \ dhgmk_ 90° (Φ90°) g_ gb`_ khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h wlZehggh]h k\_lh\h]h
21 ihlhdZ, mdZaZggh]h \ lZ[ebp_ 6. ЭlZehgguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd ^he`_g [ulv mfgh`_g gZ ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl ba lZ[ebpu 7. >ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi hg ^he`_g [ulv ^hihegbl_evgh mfgh`_g gZ ihijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl ba lZ[ebpu 8. Ijhf_`mlhqgu_ agZq_gby k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ b aZy\e_gghc wd\b\Ze_glghc fhsghklb eZfiu (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h 1 <l) jZkkqblu\Zxl iml_f ebg_cghc bgl_jiheypbb f_`^m 2 khk_^gbfb agZq_gbyfb. LZ[ebpZ 6 ЭlZehgguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd ^ey aZy\e_gby h[ wd\b\Ze_glghklb Lbi eZfiu Fhsghklv, <l ЭlZehg Φ90°, ef J_ne_dlhjgZy eZfiZ k\_jogbadh]h gZijy`_gby MR11 GU4 20 160 35 300 MR16 GU 5.3 20 180 35 300 50 540 AR111 35 250 50 390 75 640 100 785 J_ne_dlhjgZy eZfiZ gZ gZijy`_gb_ k_lb k \u^m\ghc kl_deygghc dhe[hc R50 / NR50 25 90 40 170 R63 / NR63 40 180 60 300 R80 / NR80 60 300 75 350 100 580 R95 / NR95 75 350 100 540 R125 100 580 150 1000 J_ne_dlhjgZy eZfiZ gZ gZijy`_gb_ k_lb k dhe[hc ba ij_kkh\Zggh]h kl_deZ PAR16 20 90 25 125 35 200 50 300 PAR20 35 200 50 300 75 500 PAR25 50 350
22 Lbi eZfiu Fhsghklv, <l ЭlZehg Φ90°, ef 75 550 PAR30S 50 350 75 550 100 750 PAR36 50 350 75 550 100 720 PAR38 60 400 75 555 80 600 100 760 120 900 LZ[ebpZ 7 IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu ^ey k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ Lbi eZfiu IhijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl ^ey k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ =Zeh]_ggZy eZfiZ 1 DhfiZdlgZy exfbg_kp_glgZy eZfiZ 1,08 K\_lh^bh^gZy eZfiZ 1 + 0,5 × (1 – LLMF), ]^_ LLMF – dhwnnbpb_gl k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ dhgp_ ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u LZ[ebpZ 8 IhijZ\hqgu_ dhwnnbpb_glu ^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi M]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ k\_lh^bh^ghc eZfiu IhijZ\hqguc dhwnnbpb_gl ^ey k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ m]he jZkk_b\Zgby ≥ 20 h 1 15 h ≤ m]he jZkk_b\Zgby < 20 h 0,9 10 h ≤ m]he jZkk_b\Zgby < 25 h 0,85 m]he jZkk_b\Zgby < 10 h 0,80 _keb eZfiZ kh^_j`bl jlmlv: kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlb \ eZfi_, (X,X f] beb X,X mР); bgnhjfZpby, dhlhjZy ^he`gZ [ulv \ l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb:
23 bgnhjfZpby, mdZaZggZy \ Z[aZpZo \hkvfhf – ^\Z^pZlv \lhjhf ih^imgdlZ «Z» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ; ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv (k lhqghklvx ^h 0,1 <l); ghfbgZevguc ihe_aguc k\_lh\hc ihlhd; ghfbgZevguc kjhd kem`[u eZfiu; dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb eZfiu; dhwnnbpb_gl klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ dhgp_ ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u (aZ bkdexq_gb_f eZfi gZdZeb\Zgby); \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby (\ \b^_ X, X k); bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb; h^ghjh^ghklv p\_lZ (lhevdh ^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi); ghfbgZevgZy ibdh\Zy kbeZ k\_lZ \ dZg^_eZo (d^); ghfbgZevguc m]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ; bgnhjfZpby h ij_^gZagZq_gbb eZfiu ^ey gZjm`gh]h hk\_s_gby beb ^ey ijhfure_ggh]h ijbf_g_gby (ijb gZebqbb); _keb eZfiZ kh^_j`bl jlmlv: bgkljmdpby ih hqbkld_ ihf_s_gby \ kemqZ_ g_qZyggh]h ih\j_`^_gby eZfiu, Z lZd`_ j_dhf_g^Zpbb h[ mlbebaZpbb eZfiu \ dhgp_ kjhdZ kem`[u; [) ^hihegbl_evgu_ k\_^_gby ^ey k\_lh^bh^ghc ijh^mdpbb, aZf_gyxs_c exfbg_kp_glgu_ eZfiu [_a \kljh_ggh]h [ZeeZklZ: bgnhjfZpby h lhf, qlh h[sZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv b jZkij_^_e_gb_ k\_lZ dZdh]h-eb[h mkljhckl\Z, \ dhlhjhc bkihevamxlky lZdb_ eZfiu, hij_^_ey_lky dhgkljmdpb_c mkljhckl\Z (mdZau\Z_lky ba]hlh\bl_e_f); bgnhjfZpby h lhf, qlh k\_lh^bh^gZy eZfiZ aZf_gy_l exfbg_kp_glgmx eZfim [_a \kljh_ggh]h [ZeeZklZ hij_^_e_gghc fhsghklb, ^himklbfZ, _keb:
24 kbeZ k\_lZ \ ex[hf gZijZ\e_gbb \hdjm] hkb ljm[db g_ hldehgy_lky [he__ q_f gZ 25 % hl kj_^g_c kbeu k\_lZ \hdjm] ljm[db; k\_lh\hc ihlhd k\_lh^bh^ghc eZfiu g_ gb`_ k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ exfbg_kp_glghc eZfiu ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb. K\_lh\hc ihlhd exfbg_kp_glghc eZfiu ihemqZ_lky iml_f mfgh`_gby aZy\e_gghc fhsghklb gZ fbgbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ wnn_dlb\ghklb khhl\_lkl\mxs_c exfbg_kp_glghc eZfiu; fhsghklv k\_lh^bh^ghc eZfiu g_ \ur_, q_f fhsghklv exfbg_kp_glghc eZfiu, aZy\e_gghc d aZf_g_. L_ogbq_kdZy ^hdmf_glZpby ^he`gZ kh^_j`Zlv k\_^_gby, ih^l\_j`^Zxsb_ \uiheg_gb_ wlbo lj_[h\Zgbc; \) lj_[h\Zgby d bgnhjfZpbb h ijh^mdpbb ^ey h[hjm^h\Zgby, djhf_ k\_lbevgbdh\, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb: gZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, ba]hlh\bl_e_f gZghkblky ij_^mij_^bl_evgZy bgnhjfZpby h g_kh\f_klbfhklb h[hjm^h\Zgby k wg_j]hk[_j_]Zxsbfb eZfiZfb, _keb h[hjm^h\Zgb_ g_ h[_ki_qb\Z_l kh\f_klbfhklv k ex[hc ba wg_j]hk[_j_]Zxsbo eZfi; ]) lj_[h\Zgby d bgnhjfZpbb h ijh^mdpbb IJА: gZqbgZy k wlZiZ 2, ijb\h^blky bgnhjfZpby h lhf, qlh mkljhckl\h ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ dZq_kl\_ IJА b qlh IJА fh`_l jZ[hlZlv \ j_`bf_ ohehklh]h oh^Z (ijb gZebqbb); ^) lj_[h\Zgby d bgnhjfZpbb h ijh^mdpbb ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby: ^ey \k_c ijh^mdpbb ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby ^he`gZ mdZau\Zlvky ij_^mij_^bl_evgZy bgnhjfZpby h p_e_\hf gZagZq_gbb, Z lZd`_ ij_^mij_`^ZxsZy bgnhjfZpby h lhf, qlh ijh^mdpby ki_pbZevgh]h gZagZq_gby g_ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ ^jm]bo p_eyo.
25 _) bgu_ k\_^_gby, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ \ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glZo KhxaZ (LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ). IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi b k\yaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ \uimkdZ bo \ h[jZs_gb_ 12. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) eZfi gZijZ\e_ggh]h k\_lZ, k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi b k\yaZggh]h k gbfb h[hjm^h\Zgby ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`gh [ulv bkiulZgh g_ f_g__ 20 h[jZaph\ eZfi b h[hjm^h\Zgby h^ghc b lhc `_ fh^_eb b h^gh]h b lh]h `_ ba]hlh\bl_ey. Baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd mdZaZgguo eZfi b h[hjm^h\Zgby ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo jZaj_r_gguo ^himkdh\, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 9. Ijh^mdpby ^he`gZ jZkkfZljb\Zlvky dZd khhl\_lkl\mxsZy lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ gZklhys_f ^hdmf_gl_, _keb: eZfiu \ iZjlbb khijh\h`^Zxlky g_h[oh^bfhc b ijZ\bevghc bgnhjfZpb_c; bkiulZgb_ iZjZf_ljh\ iZjlbb, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 9, g_ \uy\beh g_khhl\_lkl\by ^ey ex[h]h ba iZjZf_ljh\ \ jZfdZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc. LZ[ebpZ 9 >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Baf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Dhwnnbpb_gl kjhdZ kem`[u eZfi q_j_a 6 000 q (^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi) fZdkbfmf 2 ba 20 eZfi bkiulm_fhc iZjlbb fh]ml \uoh^blv ba kljhy ^h lj_[m_fh]h dhebq_kl\Z qZkh\
26 Dhebq_kl\h i_j_dexq_gbc ^h gZklmie_gby hldZaZ 19 ba 20 eZfi iZjlbb g_ ^he`gu \uoh^blv ba kljhy, ihke_ ^hklb`_gby lj_[m_fh]h dhebq_kl\Z pbdeh\ i_j_dexq_gbc <j_fy aZ`b]Zgby agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 10 % b gb h^gZ eZfiZ \ iZjlbb g_ ^he`gZ bf_lv agZq_gb_, [he__ q_f \ 2 jZaZ ij_\urZxs__ lj_[m_fh_ <j_fy jZa]hjZgby eZfiu ^h 60 %, Φ agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 10 % b gb h^gZ eZfiZ \ iZjlbb g_ ^he`gZ bf_lv agZq_gb_, [he__ q_f \ 1,5 jZaZ ij_\urZxs__ lj_[m_fh_ ЧZklhlZ ij_`^_\j_f_gguo hldZah\ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, qlh ijhbkoh^bl jZgvr_, bkiulZgb_ aZ\_jrZ_lky, _keb: ^hklb]gmlh lj_[m_fh_ dhebq_kl\h qZkh\, [he__ q_f 1 eZfiZ \uoh^bl ba kljhy. Khhl\_lkl\b_: FZdkbfmf 1 ba 20 eZfi bkiulm_fhc iZjlbb \uoh^bl ba kljhy ^h lj_[m_fh]h dhebq_kl\Z qZkh\ Bg^_dk p\_lhi_j_^Zqb (Ra) agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh [ulv gb`_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 3 imgdlZ b gb h^gZ eZfiZ g_ ^he`gZ bf_lv agZq_gb_ Ra [he__ q_f gZ 3,9 imgdlZ gb`_ lj_[m_fh]h K\_lh\hc ihlhd \ dhgp_ kjhdZ kem`[u b ghfbgZevgh]h kjhdZ kem`[u (^ey k\_lh^bh^guo eZfi) Ih^ «dhgphf kjhdZ kem`[u» ihgbfZ_lky lZdhc fhf_gl \j_f_gb, dh]^Z ij_^iheh`bl_evgh hklZgmlky \ jZ[hl_ lhevdh 50 % eZfi beb dh]^Z kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ iZjlbb iZ^Z_l gb`_ 70 %, \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, qlh ijhbkoh^bl jZg__. Khhl\_lkl\b_: klZ[bevghklv k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ \ dhgp_ kjhdZ kem`[u b gZ _]h ijhly`_gbb, ihemq_ggZy iml_f wdkljZiheypbb dhwnnbpb_glZ kjhdZ kem`[u eZfiu b kj_^g_]h agZq_gby klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ eZfi \ ijh\_jy_fhc iZjlbb b jZ\gZy 6 000 q, ^he`gZ [ulv g_ gb`_, q_f, khhl\_lkl\_ggh, agZq_gby klZ[bevghklb k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ b ghfbgZevgu_
27 13. Ijhp_^mjZ ijh\_jdb k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c, g_ ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey ba\e_q_gby ba k\_lbevgbdZ ihevah\Zl_e_f. >ey p_e_c bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) hl[bjZ_lky dhebq_kl\h h[jZaph\ (k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c beb k\_lbevgbdh\) 1 fh^_eb b 1 ba]hlh\bl_ey ih \hafh`ghklb \ jZ\ghc ijhihjpbb ba g_kdhevdbo bklhqgbdh\ f_lh^hf kemqZcghc \u[hjdb. >ey Z[aZp_\ r_klh]h, \hkvfh]h b ^_\ylh]h imgdlZ 13 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc qbkeh bklhqgbdh\ ^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ 4, _keb wlh \hafh`gh. >ey Z[aZpZ k_^vfh]h imgdlZ 13 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc qbkeh bklhqgbdh\ ^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ 4, _keb wlh \hafh`gh, b _keb dhebq_kl\h k\_lbevgbdh\, g_h[oh^bfh ^ey ba\e_q_gby ba gbo 20 k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c 1 b lhc `_ fh^_eb g_ f_g__ 4, \ bguo kemqZyo agZq_gby \ l_q_gb_ kjhdZ kem`[u, aZy\e_ggu_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f ijh^mdpbb, fbgmk 10 %. G_khhl\_lkl\b_: \ bguo kemqZyo Эd\b\Ze_glghklv eZfi (\ khhl\_lkl\bb k Z[aZp_f ^\Z^pZlv i_j\uf ih^imgdlZ «Z» imgdlZ 11 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc) Ijh\_jyxl 10 h[jZaph\ eZfi. AgZq_gby baf_j_gguo \_ebqbg g_ hldehgyxlky hl ghfbgZevguo agZq_gbc b mklZgh\e_gguo ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 % M]he jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ kj_^gb_ j_amevlZlu eZfi bkiulm_fhc iZjlbb hldehgyxlky g_ [he__ q_f gZ 25 % hl mdZaZggh]h m]eZ jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ b agZq_gb_ ^ey m]eZ jZkk_b\Zgby emqZ dZ`^hc hl^_evghc eZfiu bkiulm_fhc iZjlbb hldehgyxlky g_ [he__ q_f gZ 25 % hl baf_j_ggh]h agZq_gby FZdkbfZevgZy bgl_gkb\ghklv agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu dZ`^hc hl^_evghc eZfiu bkiulm_fhc iZjlbb g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_g__ 75 % hl baf_j_gghc bgl_gkb\ghklb >jm]b_ iZjZf_lju (\ lhf qbke_ bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb) agZq_gby baf_j_gguo \_ebqbg g_ ^he`gu hldehgylvky hl ghfbgZevguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 %
28 qbkeh bklhqgbdh\ ijbgbfZxl jZ\guf qbkem g_h[oh^bfuo k\_lbevgbdh\. BkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ijh\h^ylky \ ke_^mxs_f ihjy^d_. Ih^ ihgylb_f «k\_lbevgbd» ihgbfZ_lky k\_lbevgbd, kh^_j`Zsbc k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb, Z ih^ ihgylb_f «bkiulZgb_» – ihgbfZ_lky ijhp_^mjZ, hibkZggZy \ imgdl_ 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. < kemqZ_ _keb \ l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb ij_^mkfhlj_gh ijh\_^_gb_ bkiulZgbc kh]eZkgh Z[aZpZf r_kluf b k_^vfuf imgdlZ 13 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, ^himkdZ_lky \u[jZlv gZb[he__ ih^oh^ysbc f_lh^. ?keb l_ogbq_kdZy ^hdmf_glZpby gZ k\_lbevgbd ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l bkiulZgb_ k\_lbevgbdZ \ p_ehf dZd eZfiu, lh ^he`gh [ulv bkiulZgh 20 k\_lbevgbdh\. ?keb fh^_ev k\_lbevgbdZ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, lh kqblZxl, qlh k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb ^Zgghc fh^_eb khhl\_lkl\mxl bf. < bguo kemqZyo, _keb l_ogbq_kdZy ^hdmf_glZpby gZ k\_lbevgbd ij_^mkfZljb\Z_l ba\e_q_gb_ ba g_]h k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c ^ey bkiulZgbc, lh g_h[oh^bfh \u[jZlv ^hklZlhqgh_ dhebq_kl\h k\_lbevgbdh\ ^ey ihemq_gby 20 h[jZaph\ k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c. Ijb wlhf g_h[oh^bfh ke_^h\Zlv mdZaZgbyf l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpbb ih ^_fhglZ`m k\_lbevgbdh\ b ijh\h^blv bkiulZgby dZ`^h]h k\_lh^bh^gh]h fh^mey \ hl^_evghklb. < bguo kemqZyo, _keb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k l_ogbq_kdhc ^hdmf_glZpb_c gZ k\_lbevgbd ba]hlh\bl_ev \uimkdZ_l k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb \ \b^_ hl^_evgh]h ijh^mdlZ, g_h[oh^bfh \u[jZlv ^ey bkiulZgbc 20 h[jZaph\ k\_lh^bh^guo fh^me_c ^Zgghc fh^_eb b bkiulZlv dZ`^uc k\_lh^bh^guc fh^mev \ hl^_evghklb. ?keb ijh\_^_gb_ bkiulZgbc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k ih^imgdlZfb «Z» – «\» imgdlZ 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc jZa^_eZ g_\hafh`gh, lh _klv
29 k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb g_ fh]ml [ulv ba\e_q_gu ba k\_lbevgbdZ ^ey ijh\_jdb ih hl^_evghklb, lh ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_j_gu pbdeu i_j_dexq_gby, ij_`^_\j_f_gguc \uoh^ ba kljhy, \j_fy aZ`b]Zgby b \j_fy jZa]hjZgby gZ khhl\_lkl\b_ lj_[h\Zgbyf lZ[ebpu 5 gZ 1 k\_lbevgbd_. ?keb j_amevlZlu bkiulZgbc hlebqZxlky hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 %, beb k\_lbevgbd ij_`^_\j_f_ggh \ur_e ba kljhy, lh ^he`gu [ulv ^hihegbl_evgh bkiulZgu _s_ 3 k\_lbevgbdZ. ?keb kj_^gb_ j_amevlZlu ihke_^mxsbo bkiulZgbc 3 h[jZaph\ b (djhf_ l_o, dhlhju_ ij_`^_\j_f_ggh \ureb ba kljhy) g_ hlebqZxlky hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 10 %, b gb 1 ba k\_lbevgbdh\ g_ \ur_e ba kljhy, lh k\_lh^bh^gu_ fh^meb ^Zgghc fh^_eb kqblZxlky khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf. 14. Ijhp_^mju ijh\_jdb h[hjm^h\Zgby, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey mklZgh\db f_`^m k_lvx b eZfiZfb. < ^hiheg_gb_ d lj_[h\Zgbx kh\f_klbfhklb IJА ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_j_gu lZd`_ gZ khhl\_lkl\b_ lj_[h\Zgbyf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. BkiulZgby ijh\h^yl gZ 1 h[jZap_ IJА, ^Z`_ _keb fh^_ev ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey kh\f_klghc jZ[hlu k ^jm]bfb IJА \ h[hjm^h\Zgbb. Fh^_ev IJА ^he`gZ jZkkfZljb\Zlvky dZd khhl\_lkl\mxsZy lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb j_amevlZlu bkiulZgbc g_ hldehgyxlky hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 2,5 %. ?keb j_amevlZlu hldehgyxlky hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 2,5 %, lh ^he`gu [ulv bkiulZgu _s_ 3 h[jZapZ. Fh^_ev jZkkfZljb\Zxl dZd khhl\_lkl\mxsmx gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ bkiulZgbc wlbo 3 h[jZaph\ g_ hlebqZxlky hl ij_^_evguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 2,5 %.
30 9. >he`gu [ulv lZd`_ ijh\_j_gu k\_lbevgbdb gZ gZebqb_ eZfi \ bo miZdh\d_. Fh^_ev kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c, _keb eZfiu g_ ijbkmlkl\mxl beb _keb eZfiu, dhlhju_ ijbkmlkl\mxl, bf_xl bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, lj_[m_fuc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 3.2. gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. 10. < ^hiheg_gb_ ^he`gh [ulv ijh\_j_gh mkljhckl\h mijZ\e_gby yjdhklvx \ dhfie_dl_ k eZfiZfb gZdZeb\Zgby, _keb wlh mkljhckl\h mijZ\e_gby gZoh^blky \ iheh`_gbb fbgbfZevghc yjdhklb. Fh^_ev kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb, dh]^Z hgZ mklZgh\e_gZ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpbyfb ba]hlh\bl_ey, eZfiu h[_ki_qb\Zxl ih djZcg_c f_j_ 1 % hl bo k\_lh\h]h ihlhdZ ijb iheghc gZ]jmad_. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 15 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d wgеj]еlbqеkdhc wnnеdlb\ghklb fZrbg kmrbevguo [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) iblZ_fu_ hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ [ulh\u_ fZrbgu kmrbevgu_ [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ ^ey l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc (^Ze__ – fZrbgu kmrbevgu_), dhlhju_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky b \ dhff_jq_kdbo p_eyo (gZ ijhba\h^kl\_, \ lhj]h\e_ b kn_j_ mkem]), k mkljhckl\hf we_dljbq_kdh]h beb ]Zah\h]h ih^h]j_\Z \ha^moZ, \ lhf qbke_ \kljZb\Z_fu_ fZrbgu kmrbevgu_ [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f p_gljbnm] b fZrbg kmrbevguo, \oh^ysbo \ khklZ\ dhf[bgbjh\Zgguo fZrbg klbjZevgh-kmrbevguo. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb fZrbg kmrbevguo ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, fZrbgu kmrbevgu_ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky.
2 II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Z\lhfZlbq_kdZy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ» − fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, \ dhlhjhc ijhp_kk kmrdb \udexqZ_lky Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf mkljhckl\hf ijb ^hklb`_gbb hij_^_e_gghc \eZ`ghklb, gZijbf_j, k ihfhsvx ^ZlqbdZ ijh\h^bfhklb beb ^ZlqbdZ l_fi_jZlmju; «[ulh\Zy dhf[bgbjh\ZggZy fZrbgZ klbjZevgh-kmrbevgZy» − [ulh\Zy klbjZevgZy fZrbgZ, khq_lZxsZy nmgdpbx klbjdb b hl`bfZ l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc \ p_gljbnm]_ k nmgdpb_c kmrdb k gZ]j_\Zgb_f; «[ulh\Zy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ» − mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey kmrdb l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc \h \jZsZxs_fky [ZjZ[Zg_ k ijhimkdZgb_f gZ]j_lh]h \ha^moZ, dhlhjh_ bkihevam_lky ]eZ\guf h[jZahf ^ey g_ijhn_kkbhgZevguo p_e_c; «[ulh\Zy p_gljbnm]Z» − mkljhckl\h, \ dhlhjhf \h^Z m^Zey_lky ba l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc ih^ ^_ckl\b_f p_gljh[_`ghc kbeu \h \jZsZxs_fky [ZjZ[Zg_ b aZl_f hldZqb\Z_lky Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf gZkhkhf, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby ]eZ\guf h[jZahf ^ey g_ijhn_kkbhgZevguo p_e_c; «\kljZb\Z_fZy [ulh\Zy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ» − [ulh\Zy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey mklZgh\db \ rdZnm, ^jm]hc f_[_eb, ki_pbZevghc gbr_ beb \ bghf ih^h[ghf f_kl_ k ijbf_g_gb_f ^_dhjZlb\gh]h ihdjulby (wdjZgZ); «dhg^_gkZpbhggZy kmrbevgZy fZrbgZ» − [ZjZ[ZggZy kmrbevgZy fZrbgZ, kh^_j`ZsZy mkljhckl\h m^Ze_gby \eZ]b ba bkihevam_fh]h ^ey kmrdb \ha^moZ iml_f __ dhg^_gkZpbb;
3 «fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ k \ha^mrghc \_glbeypb_c» − fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, \gmljv dhlhjhc ba hdjm`Zxs_]h ijhkljZgkl\Z ih^Z_lky \ha^mo, ijhoh^ysbc aZl_f q_j_a l_dklbevgu_ ba^_eby b hl\h^ysbcky \ ihf_s_gb_ beb gZjm`m; «g_Z\lhfZlbq_kdZy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ» − fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, \ dhlhjhc ijhp_kk kmrdb \udexqZ_lky ih bkl_q_gbb aZjZg__ hij_^_e_ggh]h i_jbh^Z \j_f_gb, h[uqgh dhgljhebjm_fh]h lZcf_jhf, gh dhlhjZy lZd`_ fh`_l [ulv \udexq_gZ \jmqgmx; «ghfbgZevgZy \f_klbfhklv» − fZdkbfZevgZy fZkkZ kmobo l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc hij_^_e_ggh]h lbiZ \ dbeh]jZffZo k rZ]hf 0,5 d], mdZaZggZy \ bgkljmdpbb ba]hlh\bl_ey, dhlhjmx fh`gh aZ]jmablv \ [ulh\mx kmrbevgmx fZrbgm ijb \u[jZgghc ijh]jZff_; «ijh]jZffZ» − kh\hdmighklv hi_jZpbc, dhlhju_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh mklZgh\e_gu b dhlhju_ aZy\e_gu ba]hlh\bl_e_f dZd ih^oh^ysb_ ^ey kmrdb hl^_evguo \b^h\ l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc; «ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu» − ^ebl_evghklv ^bZiZahgZ \j_f_gb hl gZqZeZ ijh]jZffu ^h __ aZ\_jr_gby, aZ bkdexq_gb_f ex[hc aZ^_j`db \ jZ[hl_ ijh]jZffu, \g_k_gghc ihevah\Zl_e_f; «j_`bf \udexq_gby» − khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ \udexqZ_lky ijb ihfhsb mkljhckl\Z mijZ\e_gby beb i_j_dexqZl_e_f, ^hklmiguf ihevah\Zl_ex ijb ghjfZevghc wdkiemZlZpbb, ^ey ^hklb`_gby gbadh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, b dhlhjh_ fh`_l khojZgylvky \ l_q_gb_ ijh^he`bl_evgh]h \j_f_gb ^h l_o ihj, ihdZ [ulh\Zy fZrbgZ kmrbevgZy [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ ih^dexq_gZ d bklhqgbdm we_dljhiblZgby b bkihevam_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpbyfb ba]hlh\bl_ey (ijb wlhf hlkmlkl\mxl kj_^kl\Z mijZ\e_gby beb i_j_dexq_gby, ^hklmigu_ ihevah\Zl_eyf);
4 «j_`bf h`b^Zgby» − j_`bf k gZbf_gvrbf ihlj_[e_gb_f we_dljhwg_j]bb, dhlhjuc fh`_l khojZgylvky \ l_q_gb_ g_hij_^_e_ggh]h \j_f_gb ihke_ aZ\_jr_gby ijh]jZffu [_a g_h[oh^bfhklb \f_rZl_evkl\Z ihevah\Zl_ey, aZ bkdexq_gb_f \u]jmadb l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc ba kmrbevghc fZrbgu; «klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ «oehihd» − pbde kmrdb l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc ba oehidZ ihke_ klbjdb k gZqZevguf kh^_j`Zgb_f \eZ]b \ ba^_ebb 60% ^h hklZlhqgh]h kh^_j`Zgby \eZ]b \ gbo hdheh 0%; «pbde» − ihegZy ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv hi_jZpbc ijhp_kkZ kmrdb, mklZgh\e_ggZy ^ey \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffu; «qZklbqgZy aZ]jmadZ» − iheh\bgZ ghfbgZevghc aZ]jmadb [ulh\hc kmrbevghc fZrbgu ijb aZ^Zgghc ijh]jZff_; «wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb» − hlghr_gb_ fZkku \eZ]b, dhg^_gkbjm_fhc \ dhg^_gkZlhj_ fZrbgu kmrbevghc [ZjZ[Zggh]h lbiZ, d fZkk_ \eZ]b, ba\e_q_gghc ba h^_`^u \ l_q_gb_ pbdeZ. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrbevguo fZrbg b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. >ey kmrbevghc fZrbgu ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) b hij_^_e_gu agZq_gby bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) b wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^_gkZpbb. >ey jZkq_lZ ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb b ^jm]bo iZjZf_ljh\ kmrbevguo fZrbg ^he`gZ bkihevah\Zlvky klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ «oehihd». ЭlZ ijh]jZffZ ^he`gZ [ulv mdZaZgZ \ mkljhckl\_(Zo) \u[hjZ ijh]jZffu kmrbevghc fZrbgu, gZ __ ^bkie__ (ijb gZebqbb) beb \ h[hbo f_klZo h^gbf ba kbf\heh\ beb dhf[bgZpb_c kbf\heh\ b ^he`gZ mklZgZ\eb\Zlvky ih mfheqZgbx \ dZq_kl\_ jZ[hq_]h pbdeZ
5 kmrbevghc fZrbgu, hkgZs_gghc Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf \u[hjhf ijh]jZffu beb ex[hc nmgdpb_c Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h \u[hjZ ijh]jZff kmrdb beb ih^^_j`Zgby \u[hjZ ijh]jZffu. ?keb kmrbevgZy fZrbgZ y\ey_lky Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc, klZg^ZjlgZy ijh]jZffZ «oehihd» lZd`_ ^he`gZ [ulv Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc. 4. Иg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrbevghc fZrbgu jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 ^_kylbqgh]h agZdZ): EEI = × 100, ]^_: AEC − ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb kmrbevghc fZrbghc; SAEC − klZg^Zjlgh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb kmrbevghc fZrbghc. SAEC jZkkqblu\Z_lky (\ d<l·q/]h^) ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf (k hdjm]e_gb_f j_amevlZlZ ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): SAEC = 140 × c 0,8 − ^ey kmrbevguo fZrbg [_a \ha^mrghc \_glbeypbb; SAEC = 140 × c 0,8 – − ^ey kmrbevguo fZrbg k \ha^mrghc \_glbeypb_c; ]^_: k − ghfbgZevgZy aZ]jmadZ kmrbevghc fZrbgu ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd»; Tt − \a\_r_ggZy ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd».
6 =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (AEC) (\ d<l·q/]h^) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f j_amevlZlZ ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): AEC = Et × 160 + , ]^_: Et − \a\_r_ggh_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (\ d<l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); P0 − agZq_gb_ fhsghklb (\ <l) \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Pl − agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb (\ <l) \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Tt − \a\_r_ggZy ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu \ fbgmlZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby); 160 − h[s__ dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ kmrdb \ ]h^. ?keb kmrbevgZy fZrbgZ hkgZs_gZ kbkl_fhc mijZ\e_gby we_dljhiblZgb_f k nmgdpb_c Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h \ha\jZlZ kmrbevghc fZrbgu \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby ihke_ hdhgqZgby ijh]jZffu, lh \a\_r_ggh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (AEC) jZkkqblu\Z_lky k mq_lhf wnn_dlb\ghc ijh^he`bl_evghklb `^ms_]h j_`bfZ ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: AEC = Et × 160 + ,
7 ]^_ Tl − ijh^he`bl_evghklv j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby \ fbgmlZo ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby). <a\_r_ggZy ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu Lt ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby): Tt = (3 × Tdry + 4 × Tdry1/2 ) / 7, ]^_: Ldry − \j_fy \uiheg_gby klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ \ fbgmlZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby); Ldry1/2 − \j_fy \uiheg_gby klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ \ fbgmlZo (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby). <a\_r_ggh_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (?t) ^ey kmrbevguo fZrbg jZkkqblu\Zxl ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (\ d<l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): Et = (3 × Edry + 4 × Edry1/2 ) / 7, ]^_: Edry − wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc gZ]jmad_ (\ d<lq) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Edry1/2 – wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb qZklbqghc gZ]jmad_ (\ d<l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\). >ey kmrbevguo fZrbg k we_dljbq_kdbf mkljhckl\hf ih^h]j_\Z \ha^moZ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ Edry b Edry1/2 baf_jy_lky g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh dZd ihlj_[e_ggZy we_dljbq_kdZy wg_j]by. >ey kmrbevguo fZrbg k mkljhckl\hf ih^h]j_\Z \ha^moZ, jZ[hlZxsbf gZ ]Zahh[jZaghf
8 lhieb\_, wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ Edry b Edry1/2 jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf (\ d<l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): Edry = Egdry + Egdry, a ; ƒg Edry1/2 = Egdry1/2 + Egdry1/2, a ; ƒg ]^_: Egdry − ihlj_[e_gb_ l_iehl\hjghc wg_j]bb ]ZaZ (\ d<l·q) ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Egdry1/2 − ihlj_[e_gb_ l_iehl\hjghc wg_j]bb ]ZaZ (\ d<l·q) ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Egdry, a − ^hihegbl_evgh_ (\kihfh]Zl_evgh_) ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (\ d<l·q) ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); Egdry, a − ^hihegbl_evgh_ (\kihfh]Zl_evgh_) ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (\ d<l·q) ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); ƒg = 2,5. 5. Эnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb hij_^_ey_lky dZd hlghr_gb_ fZkku \eZ]b, kdhg^_gkbjh\Zgghc \ dhg^_gkZlhj_ kmrbevghc fZrbgu, d fZkk_ \eZ]b, m^Ze_gghc \ oh^_ \uiheg_gby ijh]jZffu kmrdb ba l_dklbevgh]h fZl_jbZeZ, ijbq_f ihke_^gyy jZ\gZ jZaghklb f_`^m fZkkhc bkiulu\Z_fh]h \eZ`gh]h fZl_jbZeZ i_j_^ kmrdhc b fZkkhc wlh]h fZl_jbZeZ ihke_ kmrdb. >ey jZkq_lZ \a\_r_gghc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^_gkZpbb hij_^_ey_lky kj_^gyy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc b qZklbqghc aZ]jmadZo.
9 <a\_r_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb (Kt) jZkkqblu\Z_lky \ ijhp_glZo ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h p_eh]h agZq_gby): Ct = (3 × Cdry + 4 × Cdry1/2 ) / 7, ]^_: Kdry − kj_^gyy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_; Kdry1/2 − kj_^gyy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb ^ey klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZffu «oehihd» ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. Kj_^gyy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb (C) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih j_amevlZlZf hij_^_e_gby wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^_gkZpbb \ bkiulZl_evguo pbdeZo b \ujZ`Z_lky \ ijhp_glZo: C = , ]^_: n − dhebq_kl\h pbdeh\ bkiulZgbc, \dexqZxs__ ih f_gvr_c f_j_ 4 j_Zevguo bkiulZl_evguo pbdeZ ^ey \u[jZgghc ijh]jZffu; j − ghf_j pbdeZ bkiulZgbc; Wwj − fZkkZ \h^u, kdhg^_gkbjh\Zgghc \ dhg^_gkZlhj_ \h \j_fy bkiulZgby j; Wi − fZkkZ \eZ`ghc bkiulZl_evghc aZ]jmadb i_j_^ kmrdhc; Wf − fZkkZ bkiulZl_evghc aZ]jmadb ihke_ kmrdb. 6. Kmrbevgu_ fZrbgu ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf: Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z:
10 bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI) kmrbevguo fZrbg, jZkkqblZgguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 85; \a\_r_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb dhg^_gkZpbhgguo kmrbevguo fZrbg, hij_^_e_ggZy \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, ^he`_g [ulv g_ f_g__ 60 %; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2021 ]h^Z ^ey dhg^_gkZpbhgguo kmrbevguo fZrbg: bg^_dk wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI), jZkkqblZgguc \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, ^he`_g [ulv f_g__ 76; \a\_r_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb, hij_^_e_ggZy \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 5 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 70 %. 7. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d kmrbevguf fZrbgZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: agZq_gb_ bg^_dkZ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb (EEI); agZq_gb_ \a\_r_gghc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^_gkZpbb ^ey dhg^_gkZpbhgguo kmrbevguo fZrbg; bgnhjfZpbx h klZg^Zjlghc ijh]jZff_ «oehihd»» b mdZaZgb_, qlh hgZ ih^oh^bl ^ey kmrdb ihke_ klbjdb oehiqZlh[mfZ`guo l_dklbevguo ba^_ebc, bf_xsbo klZg^Zjlgmx \eZ`ghklv, b y\ey_lky gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\ghc ijh]jZffhc \ qZklb ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb;
11 k\_^_gby h ihlj_[e_gbb we_dljhwg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby; k\_^_gby h[ hjb_glbjh\hqghc ijh^he`bl_evghklb ijh]jZffu b aZljZlZo wg_j]bb gZ hkgh\gu_ ijh]jZffu kmrdb dZd ijb iheghc aZ]jmad_, lZd b ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_. VI. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb kmrbevguo fZrbg ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 8. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) kmrbevguo fZrbg ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc h[jZa_p (wda_fieyj) dZ`^hc fh^_eb kmrbevghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev kmrbevghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd lbih\h]h wda_fieyjZ (h[jZapZ) kmrbevghc fZrbgu khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf jZa^_eZ III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo ^himklbfuo hldehg_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_. LZ[ebpZ >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby* <a\_r_ggh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ^ey AEC [hevr_ q_f gZ 6 %. <a\_r_ggh_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ^ey Et [hevr_ q_f gZ 6 % <a\_r_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^_gkZpbb baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby ^ey Ct [hevr_ q_f gZ 6 % <a\_r_ggZy ijh^he`bl_evghklv ijh]jZffu baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ^ey Tt [hevr_ q_f gZ 6 %.
12 Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby* Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby b \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb Po b Pl g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f gZ 6 % beb 0,10 <l ^ey dhgljhey ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb, \_ebqbgZ dhlhjhc khhl\_lkl\_ggh ij_\urZ_l beb g_ ij_\urZ_l 1,00 <l. Ijh^he`bl_evghklv khklhygby «hklZ\e_gh \udexq_gguf» baf_j_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ ^ey Tl [he__ q_f gZ 6 % (*) Ih^ ghfbgZevguf agZq_gb_f ihgbfZ_lky agZq_gb_, aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f < bguo kemqZyo baf_j_gby ke_^m_l ijh\_klb gZ 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjZo dZ`^hc fh^_eb kmrbevghc fZrbgu. Fh^_ev kmrbevghc fZrbgu kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjh\ kmrbevguo fZrbg khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ jZa^_e_ III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev kmrbevghc fZrbgu ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJИEH@?GИ? № 16 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИЯ d эgеj]еlbчеkdhc эффеdlb\ghklb iыeеkhkh\ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) iue_khku [ulh\h]h gZagZq_gby (^Ze__ – iue_khku), dhlhju_ fh]ml ijbf_gylvky \ dhff_jq_kdbo p_eyo (gZ ijhba\h^kl\_, \ lhj]h\e_ b kn_j_ mkem]), iblZ_fu_ hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ k ghfbgZevguf gZijy`_gb_f ^h 250 < (\dexqbl_evgh), beb ]b[jb^gu_, aZ bkdexq_gb_f iue_khkh\: Z) ^ey \eZ`ghc m[hjdb; [) ^ey \eZ`ghc b kmohc m[hjdb; \) jZ[hlZxsbo hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\; ]) iue_khkh\-jh[hlh\; ^) ijhfure_gguo beb p_gljZevguo; _) ihehl_jh\; `) ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey ijbf_g_gby \g_ ihf_s_gbc. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb iue_khkh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, iue_khku ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo
2 j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Zdlb\gZy gZkZ^dZ-s_ldZ, jZ[hlZxsZy hl [ZlZj_c (Zdlb\gZy gZkZ^dZ-s_ldZ)» − qbklysZy gZkZ^dZ, kgZ[`_ggZy iblZ_fuf hl [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\ mkljhckl\hf ^ey ih^t_fZ \hjkZ (^\b`ms_cky s_ldhc), kihkh[kl\mxsbf m^Ze_gbx aZ]jyag_gby; «[ulh\hc iue_khk» − iue_khk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc lhevdh ^ey ^hfZrg_]h beb [ulh\h]h bkihevah\Zgby b aZy\e_gguc ba]hlh\bl_e_f \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\h]h; «\lhjbqguc \u[jhk iueb» − hlghr_gb_, \ujZ`_ggh_ \ ijhp_glZo k lhqghklvx ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\, kmffZjgh]h qbkeZ qZklbp iueb jZaf_jhf hl 0,3 fdf ^h 10 fdf, \u[jhr_gguo iue_khkhf, d kmffZjghfm qbkem qZklbp iueb lZdbo `_ jZaf_jh\, aZo\Zq_gguo \kZku\Zxsbf mkljhckl\hf ijb ihklmie_gbb \ g_]h hij_^_e_ggh]h dhebq_kl\Z iueb k mdZaZggufb jZaf_jZfb qZklbp, \dexqZy iuev, baf_j_ggmx gZ \uoh^_ iue_khkZ, b iuev, \u[jZku\Z_fmx ba-aZ ex[uo ml_q_d b ijhba\h^bfmx kZfbf iue_khkhf; «]b[jb^guc iue_khk» − iue_khk, dhlhjuc fh`_l [ulv ijb\_^_g \ ^_ckl\b_ dZd hl we_dljhk_lb, lZd b hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\; «^\hcghc ijhoh^» − 1 ^\b`_gb_ qbklys_c gZkZ^db \i_j_^ b 1 \ iZjZee_evghf gZijZ\e_gbb gZaZ^, \uihegy_fu_ k bkiulZl_evghc kdhjhklvx ijhoh^Z ijb aZ^Zgghc ^ebg_ bkiulZl_evgh]h ijhoh^Z;
3 «^ebgZ bkiulZl_evgh]h ijhoh^Z» − ^ebgZ bkiulZl_evghc ahgu \ f_ljZo, \dexqZy jZkklhygb_, ijhc^_ggh_ p_gljhf qbklys_c gZkZ^db k mkdhj_gb_f ih khhl\_lkl\mxsbf ahgZf ^h b ihke_ bkiulZl_evghc ahgu; «bkiulZgb_ gZ dh\j_» − bkiulZgb_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbf dhebq_kl\hf pbdeh\ qbkldb gZ bkiulZl_evghf dh\j_ <bevlhgZ, ijb dhlhjhf qbklysZy gZkZ^dZ, jZ[hlZxsZy gZ fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb iue_khkZ, ijhoh^bl mqZklhd khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ^ebgu bkiulZl_evghc ahgu k rbjbghc, jZ\ghc rbjbg_ qbklys_c gZkZ^db, ih dhlhjhc jZ\ghf_jgh jZkij_^_e_gZ b khhl\_lkl\mxsbf h[jZahf \kljh_gZ bkiulZl_evgZy iuev khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z, k baf_j_gb_f b nbdkZpb_c ijhr_^r_]h ijb wlhf \j_f_gb, iheh`_gby p_gljZ qbklys_c gZkZ^db hlghkbl_evgh bkiulZl_evghc ahgu, ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb b m\_ebq_gby fZkku iue_k[hjgbdZ \ dhgp_ dZ`^h]h pbdeZ qbkldb; «bkiulZgb_ gZ l\_j^hf ihem» − bkiulZgb_ 2 pbdeZfb qbkldb, ijb dhlhjuo qbklysZy gZkZ^dZ iue_khkZ, jZ[hlZxs_]h gZ fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb, ijhoh^bl ih ^_j_\ygghc bkiulZl_evghc iebl_, kgZ[`_gghc ^bZ]hgZevguf (ih^ m]ehf 45º) bkiulZl_evguf iZahf, mqZklhd bkiulZl_evghc ahgu khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ^ebgu k rbjbghc, jZ\ghc rbjbg_ qbklys_c gZkZ^db, k baf_g_gb_f b nbdkZpb_c ijb wlhf ijhr_^r_]h \j_f_gb, iheh`_gby p_gljZ qbklys_c gZkZ^db hlghkbl_evgh bkiulZl_evghc ahgu, ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb b kgb`_gby fZkku bkiulZl_evgh]h iZaZ \ dhgp_ dZ`^h]h pbdeZ qbkldb; «bkiulZl_evgZy kdhjhklv ijhoh^Z» − kdhjhklv ^\b`_gby qbklys_c gZkZ^db \ f/q ijb bkiulZgbb, ij_^ihqlbl_evgh j_Zebam_fZy k bkihevah\Zgb_f we_dljhf_oZgbq_kdh]h ijb\h^Z (\ hlghr_gbb
4 iue_khkZ k kZfhoh^ghc qbklys_c gZkZ^dhc g_h[oh^bfh m[_^blvky, qlh __ kdhjhklv gZoh^blky dZd fh`gh [eb`_ d khhl\_lkl\mxs_c bkiulZl_evghc kdhjhklb, ohly hldehg_gby ^himklbfu, _keb hgb q_ldh h[hagZq_gu \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo); «bkiulZl_evguc iZa» − kt_fgZy I-h[jZagZy \klZ\dZ khhl\_lkl\mxsbo jZaf_jh\, aZihegy_fZy \ gZqZe_ pbdeZ qbkldb khhl\_lkl\mxs_c bkdmkkl\_gghc iuevx; «ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv» − ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ <l, aZy\e_ggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f (^ey ijb[hjh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo \uihegylv gZjy^m k nmgdpb_c iue_khkZ b ^jm]b_ nmgdpbb, ijbgbfZ_lky \ jZkq_l lhevdh we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv, jZkoh^m_fZy gZ \Zdmmfgmx qbkldm); «iheghjZaf_jguc iue_khk k iblZgb_f hl Zddmfmeylhjh\» − iue_khk k iblZgb_f hl Zddmfmeylhjh\, kihkh[guc ijb iheghc aZjy^d_ b [_a ^hihegbl_evghc ih^aZjy^db hqbklblv 15 f 2 iheZ, ijbf_gb\ ih 2 ^\hcguo oh^Z ih \k_c hqbsZ_fhc ih\_joghklb; «ihehl_j» − we_dljbq_kdbc ijb[hj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey aZsblu, k]eZ`b\Zgby b (beb) ihebjh\Zgby iheZ hij_^_e_ggh]h lbiZ, dZd ijZ\beh, jZ[hlZxsbc k ijbf_g_gb_f ihebjmxsbo kj_^kl\, gZghkbfuo ijb[hjhf gZ ih\_joghklv iheZ, kihkh[guc h[uqgh \uihegylv b nmgdpbx iue_khkZ; «ijhfure_gguc iue_khk» − dhff_jq_kdbc iue_khk k gZkZ^dhc, bf_xs_c rbjbgm [he__ 0,50 f, eb[h iue_khk, jZajZ[hlZgguc dZd qZklv ijhba\h^kl\_ggh]h ijhp_kkZ, fZrbgu beb bgkljmf_glZ, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey m^Ze_gby hiZkguo fZl_jbZeh\, ly`_ehc kljhbl_evghc iueb, ijhfure_gghc iueb hl h[hjm^h\Zgby ebl_cghc, ]hjgh^h[u\Zxs_c, ibs_\hc b ^jm]hc ijhfure_gghklb;
5 «iue_khk» − ijb[hj, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey m^Ze_gby fmkhjZ k hqbsZ_fhc ih\_joghklb k ihfhsvx \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ, \hagbdZxs_]h aZ kq_l ihgb`_ggh]h ^Z\e_gby, h[jZamxs_]hky \ wlhf ijb[hj_; «iue_khk ^ey \eZ`ghc b kmohc m[hjdb» − iue_khk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey m^Ze_gby `b^dhklb h[t_fhf [he__ 2,5 ebljh\, kihkh[guc lZd`_ \uihegylv nmgdpbx iue_khkZ ^ey kmohc m[hjdb; «iue_khk ^ey \eZ`ghc m[hjdb» − ijb[hj, dhlhjuc m^Zey_l kmohc b (beb) \eZ`guc fmkhj b aZ]jyag_gby, gZghky ijb wlhf gZ ih^e_`Zsmx hqbkld_ ih\_joghklv fhxs__ kj_^kl\h gZ \h^ghc hkgh\_ beb \ha^_ckl\my iZjhf k m^Ze_gb_f h[jZah\Z\r_cky \eZ]b \f_kl_ k fmkhjhf \ha^mrguf ihlhdhf, \hagbdZxsbf aZ kq_l ihgb`_ggh]h ^Z\e_gby, h[jZamxs_]hky \ ijb[hj_ (\dexqZy lbiu ijb[hjh\, rbjhdh ba\_klgu_ dZd fhxsb_ iue_khku); «iue_khk ^ey qbkldb dh\jZ» − iue_khk, kgZ[`_gguc nbdkbjh\Zgghc gZkZ^dhc-s_ldhc, jZajZ[hlZgghc ki_pbZevgh ^ey qbkldb dh\jh\, beb dhfie_dlm_fuc h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb kt_fgufb gZkZ^dZfb, ij_^gZagZq_ggufb ^ey qbkldb dh\jh\; «iue_khk ^ey dhff_jq_kdh]h bkihevah\Zgby» − iue_khk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey bkihevah\Zgby g_ki_pbZebklZfb (m[hjsbdZfb beb ^jm]bf i_jkhgZehf) \ mkeh\byo hnbkZ, fZ]ZabgZ, [hevgbpu b ]hklbgbpu, aZy\e_gguc ba]hlh\bl_e_f \ dZq_kl\_ lZdh\h]h; «iue_khk ^ey ijbf_g_gby \g_ ihf_s_gbc» − mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey bkihevah\Zgby gZ hldjulhf \ha^mo_ ^ey k[hjZ fmkhjZ (gZijbf_j, kdhr_gghc ljZ\u b ebklv_\) \ dhee_dlhj ihkj_^kl\hf \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ, kha^Z\Z_fh]h aZ kq_l jZaj_`_gby, h[jZamxs_]hky \ wlhf mkljhckl\_, dhlhjh_ fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv ijbkihkh[e_gby ^ey baf_evq_gby b \uihegylv nmgdpbx \ha^moh^m\db;
6 «iue_khk ^ey kmohc m[hjdb» − iue_khk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey m^Ze_gby fmkhjZ, y\eyxs_]hky \ hkgh\ghf kmobf (iuev, \hehdgZ, gblb), \ lhf qbke_ iue_khku, h[hjm^h\Zggu_ jZ[hlZxs_c hl [ZlZj_c Zdlb\ghc gZkZ^dhc-s_ldhc; «iue_khk ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ» − iue_khk, kgZ[`_gguc nbdkbjh\Zgghc gZkZ^dhc-s_ldhc, kdhgkljmbjh\Zgghc ki_pbZevgh ^ey qbkldb l\_j^uo ih\_joghkl_c, beb dhfie_dlm_fuc h^ghc beb g_kdhevdbfb kt_fgufb gZkZ^dZfb, ij_^gZagZq_ggufb ^ey qbkldb l\_j^uo iheh\; «iue_khk h[s_]h gZagZq_gby» − iue_khk, dhfie_dlm_fuc nbdkbjh\Zgghc 1 kt_fghc gZkZ^dhc beb [he__ ^ey qbkldb dh\jh\ b l\_j^uo iheh\ beb dhfie_dlm_fuc kt_fgufb gZkZ^dZfb, ba dhlhjuo ih djZcg_c f_j_ 1 gZkZ^dZ ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey qbkldb dh\jh\ b ih djZcg_c f_j_ 1 – ^ey qbkldb l\_j^uo iheh\; «iue_khk-jh[hl» − iue_khk k iblZgb_f hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\, kihkh[guc nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv [_a \f_rZl_evkl\Z q_eh\_dZ \ ij_^_eZo hij_^_e_ggh]h ijhkljZgkl\Z, khklhysbc ba ih^\b`ghc qZklb, ^hd-klZgpbb b (beb) ^jm]bo Zdk_kkmZjh\, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbo _]h nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_; «iue_khk k \h^yguf nbevljhf» − iue_khk, \ dhlhjhf \ dZq_kl\_ hkgh\gh]h nbevljmxs_]h fZl_jbZeZ bkihevam_lky [he__ 0,5 ebljZ \h^u, q_j_a dhlhjmx ijhimkdZ_lky \kZku\Z_fuc \ha^mo k p_evx meZ\eb\Zgby iueb; «iue_khk k iblZgb_f hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\» − iue_khk, jZ[hlZxsbc lhevdh hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\; «mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb» − mjh\_gv bkimkdZ_fh]h Zdmklbq_kdh]h rmfZ, \ujZ`_gguc \ ^;(:) hlghkbl_evgh 1 i<l
7 b hdjm]e_gguc ^h p_eh]h qbkeZ; «p_gljZevguc iue_khk» − iue_khk kh klZpbhgZjguf (g_fh[bevguf) jZkiheh`_gb_f bklhqgbdZ ihgb`_ggh]h ^Z\e_gby b reZg]h\ufb kh_^bg_gbyfb, jZkiheh`_ggufb \ nbdkbjh\Zgguo f_klZo ihf_s_gby; «pbde qbkldb» − ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv ba 5 ^\hcguo ijhoh^h\ iue_khkZ ih dhgdj_lghc bkiulZl_evghc ahg_ (dh\_j beb l\_j^uc ihe); «rbjbgZ qbklys_c gZkZ^db» − fZdkbfZevgZy \g_rgyy rbjbgZ qbklys_c gZkZ^db \ f_ljZo k lhqghklvx ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\; «wlZehggZy kbkl_fZ iue_khkZ» − eZ[hjZlhjgh_ we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_, bkihevam_fh_ ^ey baf_j_gby dZeb[jh\Zggh]h b wlZehggh]h ih]ehs_gby iueb gZ dh\jh\uo ihdjulbyo k hij_^_e_ggufb iZjZf_ljZfb \ha^moZ ^ey memqr_gby \hkijhba\h^bfhklb j_amevlZlh\ bkiulZgbc; «wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb» (dpu) − jZkkqblZggh_ ihke_ g_kdhevdbo pbdeh\ ^\hcguo ijhoh^h\ qbklys_c gZkZ^db k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\ hlghr_gb_ fZkku ba\e_q_gghc bkdmkkl\_gghc iueb, hij_^_ey_fhc ^ey dh\jZ bkoh^y ba m\_ebq_gby fZkku iue_k[hjgbdZ, Z ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ – bkoh^y ba kgb`_gby fZkku bkiulZl_evgh]h iZaZ d fZkk_ bkdmkkl\_gghc iueb, i_j\hgZqZevgh jZaf_s_gghc \ bkiulZl_evghc ahg_, k ihijZ\dhc gZ dhgdj_lgu_ mkeh\by bkiulZgbc ^ey dh\jZ b gZ ^ebgm b jZkiheh`_gb_ bkiulZl_evgh]h iZaZ ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb iue_khkh\ b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb 3. >ey iue_khkZ ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) b hij_^_e_gu agZq_gby ke_^mxsbo ihdZaZl_e_c:
8 Z) ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb (AE); [) ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv; \) wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_; ]) wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem; ^) \lhjbqguc \u[jhk iueb; _) ^he]h\_qghklv ]b[dh]h reZg]Z (ijb gZebqbb); `) mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb; a) j_kmjk we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey. 4. JZkq_l ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb (AE) (\ d<l·q/]h^) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 1 agZdZ) ijhba\h^blky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf ^ey iue_khkh\: ^ey dh\jh\: ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ h[s_]h gZagZq_gby: , ]^_: ASEC – kj_^gbc m^_evguc jZkoh^ wg_j]bb \ <l·q/f 2 ijb bkiulZgbyo iue_khkZ ^ey dh\jh\; ASEhf – kj_^gbc m^_evguc jZkoh^ wg_j]bb \ <l·q/f 2 ijb bkiulZgbyo iue_khkZ ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ;
9 dpuC – wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_; dpuhf – wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem; 50 – klZg^Zjlgh_ dhebq_kl\h h^ghqZkh\uo m[hjhd iue_khkhf \ ]h^; 87 – klZg^ZjlgZy ih\_joghklv ih^e_`Zs_]h qbkld_ `beh]h ihf_s_gby \ f 2 ; 4 – klZg^Zjlgh_ dhebq_kl\h ijhoh^h\ gZkZ^db iue_khkZ q_j_a dZ`^mx lhqdm gZ ihem (2 ^\hcguo ijhoh^Z); 0,001 – dhwnnbpb_gl i_j_kq_lZ <l·q (\ d<l·q); 1 – klZg^ZjlgZy wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb; 0,20 – klZg^ZjlgZy jZagbpZ f_`^m wnn_dlb\ghklvx k[hjZ iueb ihke_ 5 b ihke_ 2 ^\hcguo ijhoh^h\. 5. Kj_^gbc m^_evguc jZkoh^ wg_j]bb ijb bkiulZgbyo gZ dh\j_ ASEK b gZ l\_j^hf ihem ASEhf hij_^_ey_lky dZd kj_^g__ m^_evgh_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb SE ijb qbke_ pbdeh\ qbkldb, khklZ\eyxsbo bkiulZgb_ gZ dh\j_ b bkiulZgb_ gZ ihem khhl\_lkl\_ggh, ih ke_^mxs_c h[s_c nhjfme_ (\ <l·q/f 2 ) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): , ]^_: J – kj_^gyy fhsghklv \ l_q_gb_ pbdeZ qbkldb, dh]^Z p_glj qbklys_c gZkZ^db ^\b`_lky ih bkiulZl_evghc ahg_ (\ <l) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); NP – kj_^gyy wd\b\Ze_glgZy fhsghklv Zdlb\ghc gZkZ^db-s_ldb, jZ[hlZxs_c hl we_dljbq_kdbo [ZlZj_c b (beb) Zddmfmeylhjh\ (\ <l) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\);
10 t – h[s__ \j_fy pbdeZ qbkldb, \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h p_glj qbklys_c gZkZ^db, lh _klv lhqdZ \ iheh\bg_ jZkklhygby f_`^m i_j_^g_c b aZ^g_c djhfdZfb qbklys_c gZkZ^db, ^\b`_lky q_j_a bkiulZl_evgmx ahgm, (\ qZkZo) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 4 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\); A – iehsZ^v ih\_joghklb, dhlhjmx ho\Zlu\Z_l qbklysZy gZkZ^dZ aZ pbde qbkldb, ba jZkq_lZ 10-djZlgh]h ijhba\_^_gby rbjbgu gZkZ^db gZ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx ^ebgm bkiulZl_evghc ahgu, \ f 2 (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\) (_keb [ulh\hc iue_khk bf__l qbklysmx gZkZ^dm rbjbghc [he__ 0,320 f, lh qbkeh 0,320 f \ wlhf jZkq_l_ ^he`gh [ulv aZf_g_gh nZdlbq_kdbf agZq_gb_f rbjbgu gZkZ^db). >ey bkiulZgbc gZ l\_j^hf ihem \ mdZaZgghc \ur_ nhjfme_ ^he`gu bkihevah\Zlvky bg^_dk «hf» b h[hagZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ SEhf , Phf , NPhf , thf b :hf . >ey bkiulZgbc gZ dh\j_ \ mdZaZgghc nhjfme_ ^he`gu bkihevah\Zlvky kmnnbdk «k» b h[hagZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ SEk , Pk , NPk , tc b :k. Kj_^gyy wd\b\Ze_glgZy fhsghklv Zdlb\ghc gZkZ^db-s_ldb NP k khhl\_lkl\mxsbf bg^_dkhf, hlghkysbfky d iue_khkZf ^ey dh\jh\ b iue_khkZf ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ, jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (\ <l) (k lhqghklvx ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\ ihke_ aZiylhc): , ]^_: E – ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb hl we_dljbq_kdh]h ZddmfmeylhjZ, jZ\gh_ wg_j]bb, lj_[m_fhc ^ey ^haZjy^db ZddmfmeylhjZ ihke_ pbdeZ qbkldb ^ey _]h \ha\jZs_gby \ i_j\hgZqZevgh_ khklhygb_ iheghc aZjy^db (\ <l·q) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 3 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\);
11 tbat – h[s__ \j_fy pbdeZ qbkldb, \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h Zdlb\gZy qbklysZy gZkZ^dZ-s_ldZ iue_khkZ Zdlb\bjh\ZgZ, \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpb_c ba]hlh\bl_ey (\ qZkZo) (c hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 4 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\). ?keb iue_khk g_ h[hjm^h\Zg Zdlb\gufb gZkZ^dZfb-s_ldZfb, agZq_gb_ NP jZ\gh 0. >ey bkiulZgbc gZ l\_j^hf ihem \ mdZaZgghc nhjfme_ ^he`gu bkihevah\Zlvky bg^_dk «hf» b h[hagZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ NPhf , Ehf , b tbathf . >ey bkiulZgbc gZ dh\j_ \ ijb\_^_gghc \ur_ nhjfme_ ^he`gu bkihevah\Zlvky bg^_dk «k» b h[hagZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ NPk , Ec , tbatc . 6. Эnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem dpuhf ^he`gZ [ulv hij_^_e_gZ dZd kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ih j_amevlZlZf 2 pbdeh\ qbkldb ijb bkiulZgbb gZ ihem. 7. Эnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_ dpuk ^he`gZ [ulv hij_^_e_gZ dZd kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ih j_amevlZlZf 2 pbdeh\ qbkldb ijb bkiulZgbb gZ dh\j_. >ey dhjj_dpbb hldehg_gbc hl i_j\hgZqZevguo k\hckl\ bkiulZl_evgh]h dh\jZ dpuk jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: , ]^_: dpum – baf_j_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb iue_khkhf; dpucal – wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb wlZehgghc kbkl_fhc iue_khkZ, baf_j_ggZy ijb gZoh`^_gbb bkiulZl_evgh]h dh\jZ \ i_j\hgZqZevghf khklhygbb; dpuref – baf_j_ggZy wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb wlZehgghc kbkl_fhc iue_khkZ.
12 8. <lhjbqguc \u[jhk iueb hij_^_ey_lky ijb jZ[hl_ iue_khkZ \ j_`bf_ fZdkbfZevgh]h \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ. 9. Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb hij_^_ey_lky ijb jZ[hl_ gZ dh\j_. 10. Ijb bkiulZgbb (baf_j_gbb) ]b[dh]h reZg]Z hg ih^\_j]Z_lky ba]b[Zf k mkbeb_f, ijbeZ]Z_fuf k ihfhsvx ]jmaZ \_khf 2,5 d]. 11. Ijb bkiulZgbb (baf_j_gbb) j_kmjkZ we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey iue_khk ^he`_g jZ[hlZlv k gZiheh\bgm aZiheg_gguf iue_k[hjgbdhf ijb ijh]hg_ k hldexq_gb_f gZ 30 k_dmg^ q_j_a dZ`^u_ 14 fbgml b 30 k_dmg^ jZ[hlu. Iue_k[hjgbd b nbevlju ^he`gu aZf_gylvky q_j_a khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ijhf_`mldb \j_f_gb. ИkiulZgb_ fh`_l [ulv hklZgh\e_gh ihke_ 500 qZkh\ b ^he`gh [ulv ij_djZs_gh ihke_ 600 qZkh\ jZ[hlu. JZ[hlhkihkh[ghklv we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey dhgljhebjm_lky iml_f baf_g_gby \ l_q_gb_ dZ`^h]h jZ[hq_]h bgl_j\ZeZ \_ebqbg \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ, kl_i_gb jZaj_`_gby b ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb. 12. >ey ]b[jb^guo iue_khkh\ \k_ bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) hkms_kl\eyxlky ijb iblZgbb iue_khkZ hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb, aZ bkdexq_gb_f Zdlb\ghc gZkZ^db-s_ldb (ijb gZebqbb), iblZ_fhc hl we_dljbq_kdh]h ZddmfmeylhjZ. 13. Iue_khku ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf: Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z: ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb ?: ^he`gh [ulv g_ [he__ 62,0 d<l·q/]h^; ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^he`gZ [ulv g_ [he__ 1 600 <l; wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_ dpuc ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 0,70 (^Zggh_ lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ iue_khku ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ);
13 wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem dpuhf ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 0,95 (lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ iue_khku ^ey dh\jZ). Lj_[h\Zgby, mklZgh\e_ggu_ \ gZklhys_f ih^imgdl_, g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ iue_khku k \h^yguf nbevljhf; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z: ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb ?: ^he`gh [ulv g_ [he__ 43,0 d<l·q/]h^; ghfbgZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^he`gZ [ulv g_ [he__ 900 <l; wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_ Нpuc ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 0,75 (lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ iue_khku ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ); wnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem Нpuhf ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ 0,98 (lj_[h\Zgb_ g_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ iue_khku ^ey dh\jZ); \lhjbqguc \u[jhk iueb ^he`_g [ulv g_ [he__ 1,00 %; mjh\_gv rmfZ g_ ^he`_g [ulv \ur_ 80 ^;(:); ]b[dbc reZg] (ijb gZebqbb) ^he`_g hklZ\Zlvky ijb]h^guf d wdkiemZlZpbb ihke_ 40 000 ba]b[h\; j_kmjk we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey ^he`_g [ulv g_ f_g__ 500 qZkh\. 14. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d iue_khkZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) agZq_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, mdZaZgguo \ imgdl_ 3 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, hij_^_e_ggu_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlZfb 4 – 12 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ;
14 [) ^ey iue_khkZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey m[hjdb l\_j^h]h iheZ, ^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, qlh k dhfie_dlm_fufb gZkZ^dZfb hg g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey qbkldb dh\jh\; \) ^ey iue_khkZ, ij_^gZagZq_ggh]h ^ey m[hjdb dh\jh\, ^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, qlh k dhfie_dlm_fufb gZkZ^dZfb hg g_ ih^oh^bl ^ey qbkldb l\_j^h]h iheZ; ]) ^ey ijb[hjZ, kihkh[gh]h gZjy^m k nmgdpb_c iue_khkZ \uihegylv b ^jm]b_ nmgdpbb, ^he`gZ [ulv mdZaZgZ we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv, ihlj_[ey_fZy ijb jZ[hl_ \ nmgdpbb iue_khkZ, _keb hgZ gb`_ ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb ijb[hjZ; ^) ^he`gh [ulv mdZaZgh, d dZdhc ba ke_^mxsbo 3 ]jmii iue_khk ^he`_g [ulv hlg_k_g ijb bkiulZgbyo: iue_khk h[s_]h gZagZq_gby, iue_khk ^ey l\_j^h]h iheZ beb iue_khk ^ey dh\jZ. 15. < dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\ d iue_khkZf, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 25 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gZ [ulv \dexq_gZ bgnhjfZpby: Z) agZq_gby SEhf , Phf , NPhf , thf b :hf b (beb) SEk , Pk , NPk , tc b :k ^ey dZ`^h]h ba pbdeh\ qbkldb, hij_^_e_ggu_ ijb bkiulZgbyo kj_^g_]h m^_evgh]h jZkoh^Z wg_j]bb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 5 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ; [) agZq_gby Нpum ^ey dZ`^h]h ba pbdeh\ qbkldb Нpuk , dpucal b Нpuref , hij_^_e_ggu_ ijb bkiulZgbyo wnn_dlb\ghklb k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_ \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; \) h[s__ \j_fy ijh]hgZ, baf_jy_fuc \ha^mrguc ihlhd, kl_i_gv jZaj_`_gby b ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ijb bkiulZgbyo j_kmjkZ we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 11 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc.
15 VI. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb iue_khkh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 16. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) iue_khkh\ ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj (h[jZa_p) dZ`^hc fh^_eb iue_khkZ. Fh^_ev iue_khkZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb baf_j_ggu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd iue_khkZ khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf jZa^_eZ III gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc b ghfbgZevguf agZq_gbyf, aZy\e_gguf ba]hlh\bl_e_f, \ ij_^_eZo jZaj_r_gguo ^himkdh\, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_. LZ[ebpZ >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby Иaf_jy_fuc iZjZf_lj >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby* =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ AE [he__ q_f gZ 10 % Эnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ dh\j_ agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 0,03 Эnn_dlb\ghklv k[hjZ iueb gZ l\_j^hf ihem agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 0,03 <lhjbqguc \u[jhk iueb agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh_ agZq_gb_ [he__ q_f gZ 15 % Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby J_kmjk we_dljh^\b]Zl_ey agZq_gb_ baf_j_gghc \_ebqbgu g_ ^he`gh [ulv f_gvr_ ghfbgZevgh]h agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 5 % (*) Ih^ ghfbgZevguf agZq_gb_f ihgbfZ_lky agZq_gb_, aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f
16 < bguo kemqZyo bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) ke_^m_l ijh\h^blv gZ 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjZo iue_khkZ ^Zgghc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev iue_khkZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ agZq_gby baf_j_gguo iZjZf_ljh\ wlbo 3 ^hihegbl_evguo wda_fieyjh\ iue_khkZ khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ Z[aZp_ i_j\hf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev iue_khkZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 17 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d wgеj]еlbчеkdhc wффеdlb\ghklb dhfivxlеjh\ b kеj\еjh\ [ulh\h]h gZagZчеgby I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) dhfivxl_ju b k_j\_ju [ulh\h]h gZagZq_gby, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey iblZgby g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh hl k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ (^Ze__ – dhfivxl_ju b k_j\_ju), \ lhf qbke_ q_j_a \g_rgbc beb \gmlj_ggbc bklhqgbd we_dljhiblZgby: Z) gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju; [) fhgh[ehqgu_ gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju; \) ghml[mdb (\ lhf qbke_ ieZgr_lgu_ dhfivxl_ju, dhfiZdlgu_ ieZgr_lgu_ dhfivxl_ju b fh[bevgu_ «lhgdb_ deb_glu»); ]) gZklhevgu_ «lhgdb_ deb_glu»; ^) jZ[hqb_ klZgpbb; _) fh[bevgu_ jZ[hqb_ klZgpbb; `) fZeu_ k_j\_ju; a) dhfivxl_j-k_j\_ju, GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ ke_^mxsb_ \b^u ijh^mdpbb:
2 Z) [e_c^-kbkl_fu b bo dhfihg_glu; [) k_j\_ju ijbeh`_gbc; \) fgh]hmaeh\u_ k_j\_ju; ]) dhfivxl_j-k_j\_ju k [he__ q_f 4 ijhp_kkhjgufb jZat_fZfb; ^) b]jh\u_ ijbklZ\db; _) ^hd-klZgpbb. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb dhfivxl_jh\ b k_j\_jh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, dhfivxl_ju b k_j\_ju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky. II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Zdlb\baZpby» – kh[ulb_, bgbpbbjh\Zggh_ ihevah\Zl_e_f, \g_rgbf kh[ulb_f beb \ha^_ckl\b_f, eb[h ijhbkoh^ys__ ih jZkibkZgbx, dhlhjh_ aZklZ\ey_l dhfivxl_j i_j_clb ba kiys_]h j_`bfZ beb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby \ Zdlb\guc jZ[hqbc j_`bf. Kh[ulb_ «Zdlb\baZpby» \dexqZ_l \ k_[y, gh g_ h]jZgbqb\Z_lky bfb, ke_^mxsb_ kh[ulby: ^\b`_gb_ furb; gZ`Zlb_ deZ\brb gZ deZ\bZlmj_; \oh^ dhgljhee_jZ; kh[ulb_ ih qZkZf j_Zevgh]h \j_f_gb; gZ`Zlb_ dghidb gZ dhjimk_;
3 \g_rgb_ kh[ulby, bgbpbbjh\Z\rb_ kb]gZeu, i_j_^Z\Z_fu_ imevlhf ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby, k_lvx beb fh^_fhf; «Zdlb\baZpby ih ehdZevghc k_lb (WOL)» – nmgdpby, k ihfhsvx dhlhjhc dhfivxl_j \dexqZ_lky ih dhfZg^_ q_j_a ehdZevgmx k_lv EtСОrnОt ba kiys_]h j_`bfZ beb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby, (beb ^jm]h]h ZgZeh]bqgh]h j_`bfZ gbadh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby); «Zdlb\guc j_`bf» – khklhygb_, \ dhlhjhf dhfivxl_j \ j_amevlZl_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]h beb h^gh\j_f_ggh]h \\h^Z ^Zgguo ihevah\Zl_e_f eb[h \ j_amevlZl_ ij_^\Zjbl_evgh]h beb h^gh\j_f_ggh]h ihklmie_gby dhfZg^u ih k_lb hkms_kl\ey_l \ hl\_l ihe_agmx jZ[hlm. Эlh khklhygb_ \dexqZ_l \ k_[y Zdlb\gmx h[jZ[hldm, ihbkd ^Zgguo gZ ^bkd_, \ hi_jZlb\ghc iZfylb beb dwr-iZfylb, \ lhf qbke_ \j_fy ijhklhy \ g_jZ[hq_f khklhygbb \ h`b^Zgbb \\h^Z ihevah\Zl_e_f ^Zgguo i_j_^ i_j_oh^hf \ j_`bf ihgb`_ggh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; «Zm^bhdZjlZ (a\mdh\Zy dZjlZ)» – ^bkdj_lguc \gmlj_ggbc dhfihg_gl, h[jZ[Zlu\Zxsbc \oh^gu_ b \uoh^gu_ Zm^bhkb]gZeu dhfivxl_jZ; «[e_c^-kbkl_fZ b dhfihg_glu» – kbkl_fZ, khklhysZy ba dhjimkZ ([e_c^-rZkkb), \ dhlhjhf mklZgh\e_gu jZaebqgu_ lbiu [e_c^- gZdhibl_e_c b k_j\_ju b ij_^mkfhlj_gu h[sb_ j_kmjku, hl dhlhjuo aZ\bkbl jZ[hlZ k_j\_jh\ b mkljhckl\ ojZg_gby. ;e_c^-kbkl_fu jZajZ[hlZgu dZd fZkrlZ[bjm_fh_ j_r_gb_ ^ey h[t_^bg_gby g_kdhevdbo dhfivxl_jh\-k_j\_jh\ beb g_kdhevdbo mkljhckl\ ojZg_gby \ h^ghf dhjimk_ b ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey h[_ki_q_gby \hafh`ghklb [ukljh ^h[Z\eylv mkljhckl\Z (gZijbf_j, [e_c^-k_j\_ju) beb aZf_gylv bo (k ]hjyq_c aZf_ghc); «\g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ m^h\e_l\hjy_l \k_f ke_^mxsbf mkeh\byf:
4 ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby \oh^gh]h gZijy`_gby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ iblZxs_c k_lb \ [he__ gbadh_ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_; kihkh[gh hkms_kl\eylv ij_h[jZah\Zgb_ \oh^gh]h gZijy`_gby \ \uoh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_ ihklhyggh]h beb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ (\g_rgb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby ihklhyggh]h beb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ); ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby k hl^_evguf hl g_]h iblZ_fuf we_dljbq_kdbf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f, b]jZxsbf jhev hkgh\ghc gZ]jmadb; aZdexq_gh \ nbabq_kdmx h[hehqdm (dhjimk) hl^_evgh hl iblZ_fh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby hkgh\ghc gZ]jmadb; kh_^bgy_lky k iblZ_fuf h[hjm^h\Zgb_f k ihfhsvx kt_fgh]h beb `_kldh aZdj_ie_ggh]h rl_dd_jgh-]g_a^h\h]h we_dljbq_kdh]h kh_^bg_gby, dZ[_ey, rgmjZ, ijh\h^Z beb bgh]h kh_^bgbl_evgh]h mkljhckl\Z; ghfbgZevgZy \uoh^gZy fhsghklv g_ ij_\urZ_l 250 <l; \oh^bl \ h[eZklv ijbf_g_gby ijbeh`_gby № 10 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl); «\gmlj_gg__ aZihfbgZxs__ mkljhckl\h» – dhfihg_gl dhfivxl_jZ, h[_ki_qb\Zxsbc wg_j]hg_aZ\bkbfh_ ojZg_gb_ ^Zgguo; «\kljh_gguc bklhqgbd we_dljhiblZgby» – mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby gZijy`_gby i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ hl k_lb \ gZijy`_gb_ ihklhyggh]h lhdZ k p_evx iblZgby dhfivxl_jZ beb dhfivxl_j-k_j\_jZ b bf_xs__ ke_^mxsb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb: jZaf_sZ_lky \gmljb dhjimkZ dhfivxl_jZ beb dhfivxl_j-k_j\_jZ, gh hl^_evgh hl hkgh\guo dhfihg_glh\ dhfivxl_jZ beb dhfivxl_j- k_j\_jZ;
5 ih^dexqZ_lky d k_lb k ihfhsvx 1 dZ[_ey [_a ijhf_`mlhqguo ko_f f_`^m bklhqgbdhf iblZgby b we_dljbq_kdhc k_lvx; \k_ kbeh\u_ p_ib hl bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ^h dhfihg_glh\ dhfivxl_jZ beb dhfivxl_j-k_j\_jZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f p_ib ihklhyggh]h lhdZ gZ ^bkie_c \ fhgh[ehqghf gZklhevghf dhfivxl_j_, gZoh^ylky \gmljb dhjimkZ dhfivxl_jZ; \gmlj_ggb_ ij_h[jZah\Zl_eb lbiZ «ihklhygguc lhd–ihklhygguc lhd», bkihevam_fu_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby gZijy`_gby ihklhyggh]h lhdZ hl \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby \ g_kdhevdh gZijy`_gbc, bkihevam_fuo \ dhfivxl_j_ beb dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j_, g_ kqblZxlky \kljh_ggufb bklhqgbdZfb we_dljhiblZgby; «]bi_j\bahj» – ijh]jZffZ, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy beb iha\heyxsZy h^gh\j_f_ggh_ iZjZee_evgh_ nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_ gZ dhfivxl_j_ g_kdhevdbo hi_jZpbhgguo kbkl_f; «]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC)» – dhebq_kl\h we_dljhwg_j]bb, ihlj_[ey_fhc mkljhckl\hf \ l_q_gb_ aZ^Zgguo ijhf_`mldh\ \j_f_gb \ hij_^_e_gguo j_`bfZo b khklhygbyo wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; «^\momaeh\hc k_j\_j» – k_j\_j fgh]hmaeh\hc dhgnb]mjZpbb, khklhysbc ba 2 k_j\_jguo maeh\; «^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ» (dGfx) – ^bkdj_lguc \gmlj_ggbc dhfihg_gl dhfivxl_jZ, kh^_j`Zsbc 1 beb g_kdhevdh ]jZnbq_kdbo ijhp_kkhjh\ (GPU) k ehdZevguf bgl_jn_ckhf dhgljhee_jZ iZfylb b ehdZevghc ]jZnbq_kdhc iZfylvx, ih^iZ^Zxsbc ih^ h^gm ba ke_^mxsbo dZl_]hjbc: G1 (FB_BW ≤ 16); G2 (16 < FB_BW ≤ 32); G3 (32 < FB_BW ≤ 64);
6 G4 (64 < FB_BW ≤ 96); G5 (96 < FB_BW ≤ 128); G6 (FB_BW > 128 (jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo < 192 [bl)); G7 FB_BW > 128 (jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo ≥ 192 [bl)); ]^_ «FB_BW» – ijhimkdgZy kihkh[ghklv dZ^jh\h]h [mn_jZ (=;/k), l. _. h[t_f ^Zgguo, dhlhjuc h[jZ[Zlu\Z_lky \ k_dmg^m \k_fb ]jZnbq_kdbfb ijhp_kkhjZfb 1 ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx), \uqbkey_fuc ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: FB_BW = 00018 ^ZgguorbguvjZajy^ghkl^Zgguoi_j_^Zqbkdhjhklv , ]^_: kdhjhklv i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo – wnn_dlb\gZy qZklhlZ iZfylb, \ F=p; jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo – jZajy^ghklv ^Zgguo [mn_jZ iZfylb dZ^jh\, \ [blZo (b); «8» – dhwnnbpb_gl i_j_kq_lZ \ [ZclZo; «1 000» – dhwnnbpb_gl i_j_kq_lZ f_]Z[Zclh\ \ ]b]Z[Zclu; «^hd-klZgpby» – mkljhckl\h, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey ih^dexq_gby d dhfivxl_jm ^ey \uiheg_gby lZdbo nmgdpbc, dZd m\_ebq_gb_ dhebq_kl\Z ihjlh\uo kh_^bg_gbc, h[t_^bg_gb_ kh_^bg_gbc k i_jbn_jbcgufb mkljhckl\Zfb b aZjy^dZ \gmlj_ggbo Zddmfmeylhjguo [ZlZj_c \ ih^kh_^bg_gghf dhfivxl_j_; «^hihegbl_evgh_ \gmlj_gg__ aZihfbgZxs__ mkljhckl\h» – \k_ \gmlj_ggb_ mkljhckl\Z ojZg_gby ^Zgguo, \dexqZy `_kldb_ ^bkdb (HDD), l\_j^hl_evgu_ gZdhibl_eb (SSD) b ]b[jb^gu_ `_kldb_ ^bkdb (HHD), \oh^ysb_ \ khklZ\ dhfivxl_jZ ^hihegbl_evgh d hkgh\ghfm (i_j\hfm, [Zah\hfm) aZihfbgZxs_fm mkljhckl\m;
7 «bg^bdZpby khklhygby (bgnhjfbjh\Zgb_ h khklhygbb)» – g_ij_ju\gZy nmgdpby ij_^hklZ\e_gby bgnhjfZpbb h khklhygbb beb bg^bdZpbb khklhygby dhfivxl_jZ gZ ^bkie__, \ lhf qbke_, k bg^bdZpb_c lhqgh]h \j_f_gb; «b]jh\Zy ijbklZ\dZ» – Z\lhghfgh_ mkljhckl\h k iblZgb_f hl we_dljhk_lb, ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey h[_ki_q_gby \b^_hb]ju \ dZq_kl\_ k\h_c hkgh\ghc nmgdpbb. B]jh\Zy ijbklZ\dZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey \u\h^Z kb]gZeh\ gZ \g_rgbc ^bkie_c, dhlhjuc kem`bl hkgh\guf b]jh\uf wdjZghf. B]jh\u_ ijbklZ\db h[uqgh \dexqZxl \ k_[y p_gljZevguc ijhp_kkhj, kbkl_fgmx iZfylv b ]jZnbq_kdbc ijhp_kkhj (ijhp_kkhju) (GPU), Z lZd`_ fh]ml kh^_j`Zlv `_kldb_ ^bkdb beb ^jm]b_ \gmlj_ggb_ aZihfbgZxsb_ mkljhckl\Z b mkljhckl\Z kqblu\Zgby. Hkgh\gufb mkljhckl\Zfb \\h^Z b]jh\uo ijbklZ\hd kem`Zl, dZd ijZ\beh, jmqgu_ imevlu mijZ\e_gby beb bgl_jZdlb\gu_ dhgljhee_ju, Z g_ \g_rgyy deZ\bZlmjZ beb furv. B]jh\u_ ijbklZ\db g_ bf_xl ljZ^bpbhgguo hi_jZpbhgguo kbkl_f i_jkhgZevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ, Z hkgZs_gu kh[kl\_ggufb hi_jZpbhggufb kbkl_fZfb ^ey b]jh\uo ijbklZ\hd. IhjlZlb\gu_ b]jh\u_ mkljhckl\Z k \kljh_gguf ^bkie__f \ dZq_kl\_ hkgh\gh]h b]jh\h]h wdjZgZ, dhlhju_ jZ[hlZxl \ hkgh\ghf hl \kljh_ggh]h ZddmfmeylhjZ beb ^jm]h]h ihjlZlb\gh]h bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby, Z g_ ih^dexqZxlky g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh d we_dljhk_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ, lZd`_ kqblZxlky hlghkysbfbky d b]jh\uf ijbklZ\dZf; «gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j dZl_]hjbb :» – gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, dhlhjuc g_ ih^iZ^Z_l ih^ hij_^_e_gb_ dZl_]hjbc <, K b D;
8 «ghml[md dZl_]hjbb :» – ghml[md, dhlhjuc g_ ih^iZ^Z_l ih^ hij_^_e_gb_ dZl_]hjbc < b K; «gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j dZl_]hjbb B» – gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, dhlhjuc hkgZs_g 2 nbabq_kdbfb y^jZfb \ ijhp_kkhj_ b g_ f_g__ 2 ]b]Z[ZclZfb hi_jZlb\ghc iZfylb; «ghml[md dZl_]hjbb B» – ghml[md, dhlhjuc hkgZs_g ih f_gvr_c f_j_ 1 ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlhc (dGfx); «gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j dZl_]hjbb C» – gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, dhlhjuc hkgZs_g g_ f_g__ 3 nbabq_kdbfb y^jZfb \ ijhp_kkhj_ b dhgnb]mjZpby dhlhjh]h \dexqZ_l \ k_[y h^bg ba ke_^mxsbo we_f_glh\: g_ f_g__ 2 ]b]Z[Zcl hi_jZlb\ghc iZfylb b (beb) ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx); «ghml[md dZl_]hjbb C» – ghml[md, dhlhjuc hkgZs_g 2 beb [he__ nbabq_kdbfb y^jZfb \ ijhp_kkhj_, g_ f_g__ q_f 2 ]b]Z[ZclZfb hi_jZlb\ghc iZfylb b ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlhc (dGfx), m^h\e_l\hjyxs_c dZl_]hjbb G3 (jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo > 128 [bl), G4, G5, G6 beb G7 ih deZkkbnbdZpbb \b^_hdZjl; «gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j dZl_]hjbb D» – gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j beb fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, dhlhjuc hkgZs_g g_ f_g__ 4 nbabq_kdbfb y^jZfb \ ijhp_kkhj_ b dhgnb]mjZpby \dexqZ_l \ k_[y h^bg ba ke_^mxsbo we_f_glh\: g_ f_g__ 4 ]b]Z[Zcl hi_jZlb\ghc iZfylb b (beb) ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx), m^h\e_l\hjyxsZy dZl_]hjbb G3 (jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo > 128 [bl), G4, G5, G6 beb G7 ih deZkkbnbdZpbb \b^_hdZjl;
9 «dhfiZdlguc ieZgr_lguc dhfivxl_j» – jZagh\b^ghklv ghml[mdZ, bf_xsZy \kljh_gguc k_gkhjguc ^bkie_c b g_ bf_xsZy \kljh_gghc nbabq_kdhc deZ\bZlmju; «dhfivxl_j» – mkljhckl\h, dhlhjh_ \uihegy_l eh]bq_kdb_ hi_jZpbb b h[jZ[hldm ^Zgguo, fh`_l bkihevah\Zlv mkljhckl\Z \\h^Z b \u\h^Z bgnhjfZpbb gZ ^bkie_c b h[uqgh \dexqZ_l \ k_[y p_gljZevguc ijhp_kkhj (CPU) ^ey \uiheg_gby hi_jZpbc. ?keb hlkmlkl\m_l p_gljZevguc ijhp_kkhj, lh mkljhckl\h ^he`gh nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv \ dZq_kl\_ «rexaZ deb_glZ» d dhfivxl_jghfm k_j\_jm, dhlhjuc ^_ckl\m_l dZd \uqbkebl_evguc [ehd h[jZ[hldb; «dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j» – \uqbkebl_evgh_ mkljhckl\h, mijZ\eyxs__ k_l_\ufb j_kmjkZfb b ij_^hklZ\eyxs__ mkem]b deb_glkdbf mkljhckl\Zf (gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju, ghml[mdb, gZklhevgu_ «lhgdb_ deb_glu», IP-l_e_nhgu beb ^jm]b_ dhfivxl_j-k_j\_ju), ij_^gZagZq_ggh_, dZd ijZ\beh, ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ p_gljZo h[jZ[hldb ^Zgguo beb dhjihjZlb\guo kj_^Zo, ^hklmigh_ \ hkgh\ghf q_j_a k_lv k\yab, Z g_ k ihfhsvx g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh]h mkljhckl\Z \\h^Z lbiZ deZ\bZlmju beb furb b bf_xs__ ke_^mxsb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb: ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ih^^_j`db k_j\_jguo hi_jZpbhgguo kbkl_f (HK) b (beb) ]bi_j\bahjh\, Z lZd`_ ^ey aZimkdZ mklZgh\e_gguo ihevah\Zl_e_f dhjihjZlb\guo ijbeh`_gbc; ih^^_j`b\Z_l dh^ dhjj_dpbb hrb[hd (ECC) b (beb) [mn_jgmx iZfylv, \ lhf qbke_ [mn_jbabjh\Zggu_ fh^meb iZfylb k ^\moklhjhggbf jZkiheh`_gb_f dhglZdlh\ (DIMM) b dhgnb]mjZpbb kh \kljh_gguf [mn_jhf (<H<); dhfie_dlm_lky 1 beb g_kdhevdbfb bklhqgbdZfb we_dljhiblZgby i_j_f_ggh]h (ihklhyggh]h) lhdZ;
10 \k_ ijhp_kkhju bf_xl ^hklmi d h[s_c kbkl_fghc iZfylb b g_aZ\bkbfh \b^gu \ h^ghc HK beb ]bi_j\bahj_; «dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j, hkgZs_gguc [he__ q_f 4 ijhp_kkhjgufb jZat_fZfb» – dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j, kh^_j`Zsbc [he__ 4 bgl_jn_ckh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey mklZgh\db ijhp_kkhjZ; «fZeuc k_j\_j» – lbi dhfivxl_jZ, bkihevamxs_]h h[uqgh dhfihg_glu gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ \ gZklhevghf bkiheg_gbb, gh ij_^gZagZq_gguc \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v ^ey \uiheg_gby nmgdpbb ^ey ^jm]bo dhfivxl_jh\ (gZijbf_j, hdZaZgb_ mkem] k_l_\hc bgnjZkljmdlmju b ojZg_gb_ ^Zgguo), dhlhjuc bf__l ke_^mxsb_ hkh[_gghklb: kdhfihgh\Zg \ dhjimk_ lbiZ «[Zrgy» beb \ ^jm]hc nhjf_, ZgZeh]bqghc gZklhevghfm dhfivxl_jm, ^ey hkms_kl\e_gby h[jZ[hldb, ojZg_gby b k_l_\h]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by \ h^ghf [ehd_; ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey djm]ehkmlhqgh]h nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgby 7 ^g_c \ g_^_ex; \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey jZ[hlu \ kbgojhgghc fgh]hihevah\Zl_evkdhc kj_^_, h[kem`b\Zxs_c g_kdhevdh ihevah\Zl_e_c q_j_a k_l_\hc deb_glkdbc fh^mev; _keb ihklZ\ey_lky k mklZgh\e_gghc hi_jZpbhgghc kbkl_fhc, lh wlZ hi_jZpbhggZy kbkl_fZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey ^hfZrg_]h k_j\_jZ beb ijhkluo k_j\_jguo ijbeh`_gbc; dhfie_dlm_lky ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlhc (dGfx) lhevdh dZl_]hjbb G1; «fgh]hmaeh\hc k_j\_j» – kbkl_fZ, khklhysZy ba dhjimkZ, kh^_j`Zs_]h 2 beb [he__ g_aZ\bkbfuo dhfivxl_jh\-k_j\_jh\ (beb maeh\), dhlhju_ bkihevamxl kh\f_klgh 1 beb g_kdhevdh bklhqgbdh\ we_dljhiblZgby. KmffZjgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \k_o
11 maeh\ h[_ki_qb\Z_lky h[sbf (h[sbfb) bklhqgbdhf (bklhqgbdZfb) we_dljhiblZgby. Fgh]hmaeh\hc k_j\_j kdhfihgh\Zg \ \b^_ _^bgh]h dhjimkZ b g_ ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey ]hjyq_c aZf_gu; «fh[bevgZy jZ[hqZy klZgpby» – \ukhdhijhba\h^bl_evguc i_jkhgZevguc dhfivxl_j, bkihevam_fuc \ hkgh\ghf ^ey ]jZnbdb, \ kbkl_f_ Z\lhfZlbabjh\Zggh]h ijh_dlbjh\Zgby, ^ey jZajZ[hldb ijh]jZffgh]h h[_ki_q_gby, nbgZgkh\uo b gZmqguo ijbeh`_gbc b ^jm]bo j_kmjkh_fdbo aZ^Zq, aZ bkdexq_gb_f b]j, jZajZ[hlZgguo \ dZq_kl\_ ihjlZlb\gh]h mkljhckl\Z, kihkh[gh]h jZ[hlZlv \ l_q_gb_ ijh^he`bl_evgh]h \j_f_gb k ih^dexq_gb_f beb [_a ijyfh]h ih^dexq_gby d bklhqgbdm i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ. Fh[bevgu_ jZ[hqb_ klZgpbb bkihevamxl \kljh_gguc ^bkie_c b kihkh[gu jZ[hlZlv hl \kljh_ggh]h ZddmfmeylhjZ beb ^jm]h]h ihjlZlb\gh]h bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby. ;hevrbgkl\h fh[bevguo jZ[hqbo klZgpbc bkihevamxl \g_rgbc bklhqgbd we_dljhiblZgby, b [hevrbgkl\h ba gbo bf_xl \kljh_ggmx deZ\bZlmjm b mkljhckl\h ihabpbhgbjh\Zgby. Fh[bevgZy jZ[hqZy klZgpby h[eZ^Z_l ke_^mxsbfb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb: bf__l kj_^g__ \j_fy gZjZ[hldb gZ hldZa (MTBF) g_ f_g__ 13000 qZkh\; bf__l ohly [u 1 ^bkdj_lgmx \b^_hdZjlm (dGfx), m^h\e_l\hjyxsmx dZl_]hjbb G3 (jZajy^ghklv rbgu ^Zgguo [he__ 128 [bl), G4, G5, G6 beb G7 ih deZkkbnbdZpbb \b^_hdZjl; ih^^_j`b\Z_l ih^dexq_gb_ lj_o beb [he__ mkljhckl\ \gmlj_gg_c iZfylb; ih^^_j`b\Z_l ih djZcg_c f_j_ 32 =; kbkl_fghc iZfylb; «fh[bevguc lhgdbc deb_gl» – jZagh\b^ghklv ghml[mdZ, g_ bf_xsZy \kljh_ggh]h gZdhibl_ey bgnhjfZpbb k \jZsZxsbfky ^bkdhf, dhlhjZy ih^dexqZ_lky d m^Ze_gguf \uqbkebl_evguf j_kmjkZf
12 (gZijbf_j, dhfivxl_jguf k_j\_jZf, m^Ze_gguf jZ[hqbf f_klZf), ]^_ hkms_kl\ey_lky hkgh\gZy h[jZ[hldZ ^Zgguo; «fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j» – dhfivxl_j, \ dhlhjhf kbkl_fguc [ehd b fhgblhj \uiheg_gu \ \b^_ _^bgh]h [ehdZ, ihemqZxs_]h we_dljhiblZgb_ q_j_a h[sbc dZ[_ev, hlghkysbcky d 1 ba 2 \hafh`guo lbih\: mkljhckl\h, \ dhlhjhf ^bkie_c b dhfivxl_j nbabq_kdb h[t_^bg_gu \ _^bgh_ p_eh_; mkljhckl\h, \ dhlhjhf ^bkie_c hl^_e_g hl dhfivxl_jZ, gh ih^dexq_g d kbkl_fghfm [ehdm k ihfhsvx rgmjZ we_dljhiblZgby ihklhygguf lhdhf; «gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j» – dhfivxl_j, g_ ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey i_j_ghkdb k hkgh\guf [ehdhf ^ey klZpbhgZjgh]h jZaf_s_gby, bkihevam_fuc k \g_rgbf ^bkie__f b lZdbfb \g_rgbfb i_jbn_jbcgufb mkljhckl\Zfb, dZd deZ\bZlmjZ b furv; «gZklhevguc lhgdbc deb_gl» – dhfivxl_j, dhlhjuc ^ey h[_ki_q_gby hkgh\guo nmgdpbhgZevguo \hafh`ghkl_c ih^dexqZ_lky d m^Ze_gguf \uqbkebl_evguf j_kmjkZf (gZijbf_j, dhfivxl_jgu_ k_j\_ju, m^Ze_ggu_ jZ[hqb_ f_klZ), g_ bf__l \kljh_ggh]h \jZsZxs_]hky ghkbl_ey bgnhjfZpbb, ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey klZpbhgZjgh]h jZaf_s_gby (gZijbf_j, gZ klhe_, Z g_ \ dZq_kl\_ fh[bevgh]h mkljhckl\Z) b kihkh[_g hlh[jZ`Zlv bgnhjfZpbx gZ ex[hf \g_rg_f beb gZ \kljh_gghf ^bkie__ (ijb gZebqbb); «ghml[md» – ihjlZlb\guc dhfivxl_j k fhgh[ehqguf ^bkie__f k ^bZ]hgZevx wdjZgZ jZaf_jhf g_ f_g__ 22,86 kf (9 ^xcfh\), ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey jZ[hlu \ l_q_gb_ ^ebl_evguo i_jbh^h\ \j_f_gb hl \kljh_ggh]h ZddmfmeylhjZ beb ^jm]h]h ihjlZlb\gh]h bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby, bf_xsbc \hafh`ghklv ijyfh]h ih^dexq_gby
13 d we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ (mkljhckl\Z, khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ ijbagZdZf ghml[mdZ, gh bf_xsb_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby f_g__ 6 <l, g_ hlghkylky d ghml[mdZf b g_ \oh^yl \ h[eZklv ijbf_g_gby l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ); «ieZgr_lguc dhfivxl_j» – jZagh\b^ghklv ghml[mdZ, \dexqZxsZy \ k_[y k_gkhjguc ^bkie_c b \kljh_ggmx deZ\bZlmjm; «jZ[hqZy klZgpby» – \ukhdhijhba\h^bl_evguc i_jkhgZevguc dhfivxl_j, bkihevam_fuc ^ey ]jZnbdb, \ kbkl_f_ Z\lhfZlbabjh\Zggh]h ijh_dlbjh\Zgby, ^ey jZajZ[hldb ijh]jZffgh]h h[_ki_q_gby, nbgZgkh\uo b gZmqguo ijbeh`_gbc b ^jm]bo j_kmjkh_fdbo aZ^Zq, dhlhjuc oZjZdl_jbam_lky ke_^mxsbfb k\hckl\Zfb: bf__l kj_^g__ \j_fy gZjZ[hldb gZ hldZa (MTBF) g_ f_g__ 15000 qZkh\; bf__l dh^ dhjj_dpbb hrb[hd (ECC) b (beb) [mn_jbabjh\Zggmx iZfylv; khhl\_lkl\m_l ih djZcg_c f_j_ lj_f ba ke_^mxsbo iylb oZjZdl_jbklbd: bf__l ^hihegbl_evgh_ we_dljhiblZgb_ ^ey ih^^_j`db \ukhdhijhba\h^bl_evghc \b^_hdZjlu (l. _. ^hihegbl_evguc 6-dhglZdlguc jZat_f lbiZ PCI / PCI-E ^ey ih^kh_^bg_gby i_jbn_jbcgh]h we_dljhiblZgby 12 <); _]h kbkl_fZ jZkkqblZgZ gZ ih^dexq_gb_ q_luj_o PCI-E gZ fZl_jbgkdhc ieZl_ \ ^hiheg_gb_ d ]jZnbq_kdbf kehlZf b (beb) ih^^_j`b\Z_l PCI-X; g_ ih^^_j`b\Z_l ]jZnbdm k h^ghjh^guf ^hklmihf d iZfylb (UMA); \dexqZ_l \ k_[y iylv beb [he__ kehlh\ PCI, PCI-E beb PCI-X; kihkh[_g ih^^_j`b\Zlv fgh]hijhp_kkhjgmx jZ[hlm ^ey ^\mo beb
14 [he__ p_gljZevguo ijhp_kkhjh\ (CPU) (g_h[oh^bfh gZebqb_ nbabq_kdbo ijhp_kkhjguo jZat_fh\ ih^ g_kdhevdh CPU, Z g_ lhevdh ih^ h^bg fgh]hy^_jguc ijhp_kkhj); «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_ gbadh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, dhlhjh_ g_ fh`_l [ulv \udexq_gh ihevah\Zl_e_f bguf kihkh[hf, q_f ijb\_^_gb_f \ ^_ckl\b_ f_oZgbq_kdh]h i_j_dexqZl_ey, b dhlhjh_ fh`_l ijh^he`Zlvky g_h]jZgbq_ggh ^he]h, ^h l_o ihj, ihdZ mkljhckl\h ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm we_dljhwg_j]bb b bkihevam_lky \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bgkljmdpbyfb ba]hlh\bl_ey. Ih klZg^Zjlm mijZ\e_gby dhgnb]mjZpb_c b iblZgb_f (ACPI) ^Zggh_ khklhygb_ h[uqgh khhl\_lkl\m_l mjh\gx G2/S5 («ijh]jZffZ \udexq_gZ») kbkl_fu ACPI; «k_j\_j ijbeh`_gbc» – dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j \ dhfie_dl_ k ij_^\Zjbl_evgh mklZgh\e_ggufb hi_jZpbhgghc kbkl_fhc b ijbdeZ^guf ijh]jZffguf h[_ki_q_gb_f, dhlhjuc bkihevam_lky ^ey \uiheg_gby ki_pbZevghc nmgdpbb beb jy^Z nmgdpbc, ij_^hklZ\ey_l mkem]b q_j_a h^gm beb g_kdhevdh k_l_c b mijZ\ey_lky q_j_a bgnhjfZpbhggh-l_e_dhffmgbdZpbhggmx k_lv «Bgl_jg_l» beb ebgbx bgl_jn_ckZ mijZ\e_gby. K_j\_j ijbeh`_gbc b ijh]jZffgZy dhgnb]mjZpby gZkljh_gu ba]hlh\bl_e_f ^ey \uiheg_gby dhgdj_lghc aZ^Zqb, \ lhf qbke_ ^ey hj]ZgbaZpbb k_lb beb ojZg_gby, b g_ ij_^gZagZq_gu ^ey \uiheg_gby ihevah\Zl_evkdbo ijbdeZ^guo ijh]jZff; «khklhygb_ gbadh]h ihlj_[e_gby» – khklhygb_ fbgbfZevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby dhfivxl_jZ, ^hklb]Z_fh_ iml_f hldexq_gby iblZgby dhfivxl_jZ f_oZgbq_kdbf i_j_dexqZl_e_f beb k ihfhsvx Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h kj_^kl\Z; «khklhygb_ ijhklhy (khklhygb_ ihdhy)» – khklhygb_ dhfivxl_jZ, ijb dhlhjhf hi_jZpbhggZy kbkl_fZ b ^jm]h_ ijh]jZffgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_
15 aZ\_jrbeb aZ]jmadm, [ue kha^Zg ijhnbev ihevah\Zl_ey, dhfivxl_j g_ gZoh^blky \ kiys_f j_`bf_ b _]h Zdlb\ghklv h]jZgbqb\Z_lky l_fb [Zah\ufb ijbeh`_gbyfb, dhlhju_ hi_jZpbhggZy kbkl_fZ aZimkdZ_l ih mfheqZgbx; «kiysbc j_`bf» – j_`bf ihgb`_ggh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, \ dhlhjuc dhfivxl_j fh`_l i_j_clb Z\lhfZlbq_kdb ihke_ hij_^_e_ggh]h i_jbh^Z [_a^_ckl\by beb ih jmqghfm \u[hjm. < wlhf j_`bf_ dhfivxl_j kihkh[_g j_Z]bjh\Zlv gZ lj_\h`gu_ kh[ulby. LZf, ]^_ ijbf_gbf klZg^Zjl mijZ\e_gby dhgnb]mjZpb_c b iblZgb_f (ACPI), kiysbc j_`bf h[uqgh khhl\_lkl\m_l mjh\gx G2/S3 (k khojZg_gb_f \ HAM) kbkl_fu ACPI; «kiysbc j_`bf ^bkie_y» – j_`bf wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, \ dhlhjuc i_j_oh^bl mkljhckl\h hlh[jZ`_gby ihke_ lh]h, dZd hgh ihemqbeh kb]gZe hl ih^dexq_ggh]h mkljhckl\Z, beb ih \gmlj_gg_fm kb]gZem (gZijbf_j, hl lZcf_jZ beb ^ZlqbdZ ijbkmlkl\by). Эlhl j_`bf lZd`_ fh`_l [ulv mklZgh\e_g ih dhfZg^_ ihevah\Zl_ey. >bkie_c ^he`_g Zdlb\bjh\Zlvky ijb ihemq_gbb kb]gZeZ hl ih^dexq_ggh]h mkljhckl\Z, k_lb, imevlZ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby b (beb) \gmlj_ggbo kb]gZeh\. IhdZ mkljhckl\h gZoh^blky \ wlhf j_`bf_, bah[jZ`_gb_ g_ \hkijhba\h^blky, aZ bkdexq_gb_f lZdbo nmgdpbc, dZd bgnhjfZpby h[ mkljhckl\_ beb bg^bdZpby khklhygby eb[h khklhygb_ nmgdpbhgZevgh]h ^ZlqbdZ; «l_e_\babhgguc lxg_j (L<-lxg_j)» – ^bkdj_lguc \gmlj_ggbc dhfihg_gl, iha\heyxsbc dhfivxl_jm ijbgbfZlv l_e_\babhggu_ kb]gZeu; «lbi mkljhckl\Z» – gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, ghml[md, gZklhevguc «lhgdbc deb_gl», jZ[hqZy klZgpby, fh[bevgZy jZ[hqZy klZgpby, fZeuc k_j\_j, dhfivxl_j-k_j\_j,
16 [e_c^-kbkl_fZ b dhfihg_glu, fgh]hmaeh\hc k_j\_j, k_j\_j ijbeh`_gbc, b]jh\Zy ijbklZ\dZ, ^hd-klZgpby, \gmlj_ggbc [ehd we_dljhiblZgby beb \g_rgbc bklhqgbd iblZgby; «p_gljZevguc ijhp_kkhj (CPU)» – dhfihg_gl \ dhfivxl_j_, dhlhjuc mijZ\ey_l ^_dh^bjh\Zgb_f b \uiheg_gb_f dhfZg^. Ц_gljZevguc ijhp_kkhj (CPU) fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv 1 beb [he__ nbabq_kdbo ijhp_kkhjh\, ba\_klguo dZd «y^jZ». Y^jh hagZqZ_l ijhp_kkhj, dhlhjuc ijbkmlkl\m_l nbabq_kdb. >hihegbl_evgu_ «\bjlmZevgu_» beb «eh]bq_kdb_» ijhp_kkhju, knhjfbjh\Zggu_ ba 1 beb g_kdhevdbo y^_j, g_ y\eyxlky nbabq_kdbfb y^jZfb. Nbabq_kdbc ijhp_kkhj, aZgbfZxsbc h^bg ijhp_kkhjguc jZat_f, fh`_l kh^_j`Zlv g_kdhevdh y^_j. H[s__ dhebq_kl\h y^_j \ p_gljZevghf ijhp_kkhj_ (CPU) ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc kmffm y^_j \k_o mkljhckl\, ih^dexq_gguo d ijhp_kkhjguf jZat_fZf; «UMA (Uniform Memory Access)» – h^ghjh^guc ^hklmi d iZfylb. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhfivxl_jh\ b k_j\_jh\ 3. >ey dhfivxl_jh\ b k_j\_jh\ ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bkiulZgby (baf_j_gby) b hij_^_e_gu agZq_gby ke_^mxsbo iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd: Z) ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC); [) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ (Psleep); \) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb fbgbfZevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; ]) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (Joff); ^) wnn_dlb\ghklv \gmlj_gg_]h bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby.
17 4. K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC) (\ d<l·q/]h^) gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ b fhgh[ehqgh]h gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv: ^ey dZl_]hjbb : – 133,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb B – 158,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb K – 188,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb D – 211,00. =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC) gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ b fhgh[ehqgh]h gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (\ d<l·q/]h^) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): ETEC = (8 760 / 1 000) × (0,55 × Poff + 0,05 × Psleep + 0,40 × Pidle), ]^_: Joff – ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (\ <l); Psleep – ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ (\ <l); Pidle – ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb ijhklhy (\ <l). >ey dhfivxl_jh\, g_ bf_xsbo kiys_]h j_`bfZ, \ dhlhjuo ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb ijhklhy g_ ij_\urZ_l 10,00 <l, \f_klh fhsghklb kiys_]h j_`bfZ (Psleep) fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\ZgZ fhsghklv \ khklhygbb ijhklhy (Pidle). =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC) \ wlhf kemqZ_ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (\ d<l·q/]h^) (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): ETEC = (8 760 / 1 000) × (0,55 × Poff + 0,45 × Pidle) Ijb baf_j_gbyo Poff , Psleep b Pidle ijbf_gyxlky ke_^mxsb_ agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey dhfihg_glh\ dhfivxl_jZ: hi_jZlb\gZy iZfylv – 1 d<l·q/]h^ gZ dZ`^uc ]b]Z[Zcl (=;) k\ur_
18 [Zah\h]h h[t_fZ, khklZ\eyxs_]h 2 =; ^ey dhfivxl_jh\ dZl_]hjbb :, < b K b 4 =[ ^ey dhfivxl_jh\ dZl_]hjbb D; ^hihegbl_evgh_ \gmlj_gg__ aZihfbgZxs__ mkljhckl\h – 25 d<l·q/]h^; ^bkdj_lguc L<-lxg_j – 15 d<l·q/]h^; ^bkdj_lgZy a\mdh\Zy dZjlZ – 15 d<l·q/]h^; ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey i_j\hc ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) b dZ`^hc ^hihegbl_evghc ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) ijb\_^_gh \ lZ[ebp_ 1 (I wlZi). MdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 1 agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey ^bkdj_lguo \b^_hdZjl (НGПб), ^bkdj_lguo L<-lxg_jh\ b ^bkdj_lguo a\mdh\uo dZjl ^_ckl\bl_evgu lhevdh ^ey dZjl b lxg_jh\, dhlhju_ Zdlb\bjmxlky \h \j_fy bkiulZgby gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\ beb fhgh[ehqguo gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\. LZ[ebpZ 1 =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb \b^_hdZjlZfb <b^_hdZjlu DZl_]hjby dGfx Ihlj_[e_gb_ \ ]h^ (d<l·q/]h^) I wlZi * II wlZi ** I_j\Zy ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx) G1 34 18 G2 54 30 G3 69 38 G4 100 54 G5 133 72 G6 166 90 G7 225 122 DZ`^Zy ^hihegbl_evgZy ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx) G1 20 11 G2 32 17 G3 41 22
19 <b^_hdZjlu DZl_]hjby dGfx Ihlj_[e_gb_ \ ]h^ (d<l·q/]h^) I wlZi * II wlZi ** G4 59 32 G5 78 42 G6 98 53 G7 133 72 * K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z; ** K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. MdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 1 ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey \b^_hdZjl g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju b fhgh[ehqgu_ gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju dZl_]hjbb D, bf_xsb_ ke_^mxsb_ l_ogbq_kdb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb: g_ f_g__ 6 nbabq_kdbo y^_j \ p_gljZevghf ijhp_kkhj_ (CPU); ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx) h[_ki_qb\Z_l h[smx ijhimkdgmx kihkh[ghklv [mn_jZ dZ^jh\ \ur_ 320 =;/k; kbkl_fgZy iZfylv khklZ\ey_l g_ f_g__ 16 =;; [ehd iblZgby bf__l ghfbgZevgmx \uoh^gmx fhsghklv g_ f_g__ 1000 <l. 5. K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC) (\ d<l·q/]h^) gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ b fhgh[ehqgh]h gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv: ^ey dZl_]hjbb : – 94,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb B – 112,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb K – 134,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb D – 150,00. Ijbf_gyxlky baf_g_gby \ hlghr_gbb agZq_gbc ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey ^bkdj_lguo \b^_hdZjl (dGfx), ijb\_^_gguo
20 \ lZ[ebp_ 1 (II wlZi). 6. K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb ghml[mdZ (ETEC) (\ d<l·q/]h^) g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv: ^ey dZl_]hjbb : – 36,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb B – 48,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb K – 80,50. =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb (ETEC) ghml[mdZ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_ (k hdjm]e_gb_f ^h 2 ^_kylbqguo agZdh\): ETEC = (8 760 / 1 000) × (0,60 × Poff + 0,10 × Psleep + 0,30 × Pidle). Ijb baf_j_gbyo Poff , Psleep b Pidle ijbf_gyxlky ke_^mxsb_ agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey dhfihg_glh\ ghml[mdZ: hi_jZlb\gZy iZfylv – 0,4 d<l·q/]h^ gZ dZ`^uc ]b]Z[Zcl (=;) k\ur_ [Zah\h]h h[t_fZ, khklZ\eyxs_]h 4 =[ ^ey ghml[mdh\; ^hihegbl_evgZy \gmlj_ggyy iZfylv – 3 d<l·q/]h^; ^bkdj_lguc L<-lxg_j – 2,1 d<l·q/]h^; ihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey i_j\hc ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) b dZ`^hc ^hihegbl_evghc ^bkdj_lghc \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) ijb\_^_gh \ lZ[ebp_ 2 (I wlZi). MdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 2 agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey ^bkdj_lguo \b^_hdZjl (НGПб) b ^bkdj_lguo L<-lxg_jh\ ijbf_gyxlky lhevdh d \b^_hdZjlZf b lxg_jZf, dhlhju_ bkihevamxlky \h \j_fy bkiulZgby ghml[mdh\.
21 LZ[ebpZ 2 =h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey \b^_hdZjl ghml[mdZ <b^_hdZjlu DZl_]hjby dGfx Ihlj_[e_gb_ \ ]h^ (d<l·q/]h^) I wlZi * II wlZi ** I_j\Zy ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx) G1 12 7 G2 20 11 G3 26 13 G4 37 20 G5 49 27 G6 61 33 G7 113 61 DZ`^Zy ^hihegbl_evgZy ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ (dGfx) G1 7 4 G2 12 6 G3 15 8 G4 22 12 G5 29 16 G6 36 20 G7 66 36 * K 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z; ** K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z. MdZaZggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 2 ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ ghml[mdb dZl_]hjbb K kh ke_^mxsbfb l_ogbq_kdbfb oZjZdl_jbklbdZfb: g_ f_g__ 4 nbabq_kdbo y^_j \ p_gljZevghf ijhp_kkhj_ (CPU); ^bkdj_lgZy \b^_hdZjlZ dGfx h[_ki_qb\Z_l h[smx ijhimkdgmx kihkh[ghklv [mn_jZ dZ^jh\ \ur_ 225 =;/k; kbkl_fgZy iZfylv khklZ\ey_l g_ f_g__ 16 =;. 7. K 1 k_gly[jy 2022 ]h^Z ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb ghml[mdZ (ETEC) (\ d<l·q/]h^) g_ ^he`gh ij_\urZlv: ^ey dZl_]hjbb : – 27,00;
22 ^ey dZl_]hjbb B – 36,00; ^ey dZl_]hjbb K – 60,50. Ijbf_gyxlky baf_g_gby \ hlghr_gbb agZq_gbc ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ^ey ^bkdj_lguo \b^_hdZjl (dGfx), ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 2 (II wlZi). 8. Dhfivxl_j ^he`_g h[_ki_qb\Zlv kiysbc j_`bf b (beb) ^jm]h_ khklhygb_, dhlhjh_ h[_ki_qb\Z_l nmgdpbhgZevghklv kiys_]h j_`bfZ b \ dhlhjhf ^himklbfZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv g_ ij_\urZ_l lj_[h\Zgbc ^ey kiys_]h j_`bfZ, \ lhf qbke_: Z) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 5,00 <l \ gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jZo b fhgh[ehqguo gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jZo b 3,00 <l \ ghml[mdZo; [) gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju b fhgh[ehqgu_ gZklhevgu_ dhfivxl_ju, ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv dhlhjuo f_gvr_ beb jZ\gZ 10,00 <l, g_ h[yaZgu bf_lv kiysbc j_`bf; \) _keb hkgZs_g nmgdpb_c WOL, jZ[hlZxs_c \ kiys_f j_`bf_, lh: fh`_l [ulv ijbf_g_gZ ^h[Z\dZ d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m \ 0,70 <l; dhfivxl_j ^he`_g [ulv ijh\_j_g k \dexq_gghc b \udexq_gghc nmgdpb_c WOL b ^he`_g khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf \ h[hbo kemqZyo; ]) _keb dhfivxl_j g_ ih^^_j`b\Z_l ehdZevgmx k_lv Ethernet, lh hg ^he`_g bkiulu\Zlvky [_a \dexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL. 9. GZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, fhgh[ehqguc dhfivxl_j b ghml[md \ khklhygbb fbgbfZevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby g_ ^he`gu ihlj_[eylv [he__ 0,50 <l.
23 Dhfivxl_j ^he`_g h[_ki_qb\Zlv khklhygb_ beb j_`bf wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, ijb dhlhjhf ^himklbfZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^he`gZ [ulv g_ \ur_ lj_[h\Zgby d khklhygbx fbgbfZevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, dh]^Z hg ih^dexq_g d k_lb we_dljhiblZgby. ?keb \ khklZ\ dhfivxl_jZ \oh^bl bgnhjfZpbhgguc ^bkie_c beb bg^bdZlhj khklhygby, lh fh`_l [ulv ijbf_g_gZ ^h[Z\dZ d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m \ 0,50 <l. 10. GZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j b ghml[md ^he`gu h[_ki_qb\Zlv \uiheg_gb_ ke_^mxsbo lj_[h\Zgbc d j_`bfm \udexq_gby: Z) ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ \udexq_gghf khklhygbb g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 1,00 <l; [) dhfivxl_j ^he`_g h[_ki_qb\Zlv j_`bf \udexq_gby b (beb) ^jm]h]h khklhygby, ijb dhlhjhf ^himklbfZy fhsghklv ^he`gZ [ulv g_ \ur_ lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]hihlj_[e_gbx \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby, dh]^Z hg ih^dexq_g d bklhqgbdm iblZgby; \) _keb dhfivxl_j hkgZs_g nmgdpb_c WOL, jZ[hlZxs_c \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby, lh: fh`_l [ulv ijbf_g_gZ ^h[Z\dZ d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m \ 0,70 <l; dhfivxl_j ^he`_g [ulv ijh\_j_g k \dexq_gghc b \udexq_gghc nmgdpb_c WOL b ^he`_g khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf \ h[hbo kemqZyo; ]) _keb dhfivxl_j g_ ih^^_j`b\Z_l ehdZevgmx k_lv Ethernet, lh hg ^he`_g bkiulu\Zlvky [_a \dexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL. 11. <k_ \gmlj_ggb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ, fhgh[ehqgh]h gZklhevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ, gZklhevgh]h «lhgdh]h
24 deb_glZ», jZ[hq_c klZgpbb b fZeh]h k_j\_jZ ^he`gu bf_lv DI> b dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb g_ gb`_ ke_^mxsbo agZq_gbc: DI> 85 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; DI> 82 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % b 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb 0,9 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu. GZ \gmlj_ggb_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k fZdkbfZevghc ghfbgZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklvx f_g__ 75 <l lj_[h\Zgby ih \_ebqbg_ dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb g_ jZkijhkljZgyxlky. 12. >ey [ehdh\ b bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby dhfivxl_jZ-k_j\_jZ ^he`gu \uihegylvky ke_^mxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb: Z) \k_ [ehdb iblZgby k g_kdhevdbfb \uoh^gufb gZijy`_gbyfb (lbiZ AC-DC) ^he`gu bf_lv: DI> g_ f_g__: 85 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 82 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % b 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb g_ f_g__: 0,8 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,9 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,95 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; [) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf (lbiZ AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 500 <l ^he`gu bf_lv DI> g_ f_g__:
25 70 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 10 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 82 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 89 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 85 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; \) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf (lbiZ AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 500 <l ^he`gu bf_lv dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb g_ f_g__: 0,8 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,9 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,95 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; ]) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf lbiZ (AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx [he__ 500 <l, gh g_ [he__ 1000 <l ^he`gu bf_lv DI> g_ f_g__: 75 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 10 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 85 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % b 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 89 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; ^) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf (lbiZ AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx [he__ 500 <l, gh g_ [he__ 1000 <l ^he`gu bf_lv dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb g_ f_g__: 0,65 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 10 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,8 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,9 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,95 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu;
26 _) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf (lbiZ AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx [he__ 1000 <l ^he`gu bf_lv DI> g_ f_g__: 80 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 10 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 88 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % b 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 92 % – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; `) \k_ bklhqgbdb iblZgby k h^gbf \uoh^hf (lbiZ AC-DC) b ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx [he__ 1000 <l ^he`gu bf_lv dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb g_ f_g__: 0,8 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 10 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,9 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 20 % b 50 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu; 0,95 – ijb \uoh^ghc fhsghklb \ 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \_ebqbgu. 13. GZklhevguc dhfivxl_j, fhgh[ehqguc gZklhevguc dhfivxl_j b ghml[md ^he`gu bf_lv nmgdpbx mijZ\e_gby we_dljhiblZgb_f beb ZgZeh]bqgmx nmgdpbx, dhlhjZy, dh]^Z dhfivxl_j g_ \uihegy_l hkgh\gmx nmgdpbx beb dh]^Z ^jm]b_ wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsb_ mkljhckl\Z g_ aZ\bkyl hl _]h nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgby, Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_dexqZ_l dhfivxl_j \ j_`bf k [he__ gbadbf ihlj_[e_gb_f we_dljhwg_j]bb ih kjZ\g_gbx kh kiysbf j_`bfhf, \ lhf qbke_: Z) dhfivxl_j k nmgdpb_c АOL ^he`_g kgbablv kdhjhklv jZ[hlu \k_o k_l_\uo kh_^bg_gbc 1 ]b]Z[bl \ k_dmg^m (=[bl/k) ijb i_j_oh^_ \ kiys_f j_`bf_ beb j_`bf_ \udexq_gby ih ehdZevghc k_lb EtСОrnОt; [) \ kiys_f j_`bf_ j_Zdpby gZ dhfZg^m «Zdlb\baZpbb» ihke_ __ ihklmie_gby q_j_a k_l_\u_ kh_^bg_gby beb mkljhckl\Z ihevah\Zl_evkdh]h bgl_jn_ckZ ^he`gZ ijhbkoh^blv k aZ^_j`dhc g_ [he__ 5 k hl gZqZeZ ihklmie_gby dhfZg^u ^h fhf_glZ, dh]^Z kbkl_fZ klZgh\blky iheghklvx ]hlh\hc ^ey jZ[hlu, \dexqZy ^bkie_c;
27 \) _keb dhfivxl_j dhfie_dlm_lky ^bkie__f, lh i_j_oh^ ^bkie_y \ kiysbc j_`bf ^he`_g hkms_kl\eylvky ih bkl_q_gbb 10 fbgml [_a^_ckl\by ihevah\Zl_ey; ]) dhfivxl_j k ih^^_j`dhc ehdZevghc k_lb Ethernet ^he`_g bf_lv \hafh`ghklv \dexq_gby b hldexq_gby nmgdpbb WOL (ijb gZebqbb) ^ey kiys_]h j_`bfZ. Dhfivxl_j k Ethernet ^he`_g bf_lv \hafh`ghklv \dexq_gby b hldexq_gby nmgdpbb WOL ^ey j_`bfZ \udexq_gby, _keb \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby ih^^_j`b\Z_lky nmgdpby WOL; ^) _keb dhfivxl_j bf__l \hafh`ghklv i_j_oh^Z \ kiysbc j_`bf beb \ ^jm]h_ khklhygb_, h[_ki_qb\Zxs__ nmgdpbhgZevghklv kiys_]h j_`bfZ, lh wlhl j_`bf ^he`_g [ulv gZkljh_g ^ey \dexq_gby ihke_ 30 fbgml [_a^_ckl\by ihevah\Zl_ey. ЭlZ nmgdpby mijZ\e_gby iblZgb_f ^he`gZ [ulv mklZgh\e_gZ ba]hlh\bl_e_f i_j_^ ihklZ\dhc; _) ihevah\Zl_eb ^he`gu bf_lv \hafh`ghklv \dexq_gby [_kijh\h^guo k_l_\u_ ih^dexq_gby beb hldexqZlv bo, b ihevah\Zl_eyf ^he`gu [ulv ij_^hklZ\e_gu q_ldb_ k\_^_gby h kbf\heZo, k\_lh\hc bg^bdZpbb beb wd\b\Ze_glguo kb]gZeZo, ihdZau\Zxsbo, \dexq_gu k_l_\u_ [_kijh\h^gu_ kh_^bg_gby beb hldexq_gu. 14. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d dhfivxl_jZf b k_j\_jZf, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: Z) ^ey gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\, fhgh[ehqguo gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\ b ghml[mdh\: agZq_gb_ ETEC (\ d<l·q) b \_ebqbgZ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, dh]^Z \k_ ^bkdj_lgu_ \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) hldexq_gu b kbkl_fZ nmgdpbhgbjm_l k hldexqZ_fhc \ wlhf khklhygbb UMA, mijZ\eyxsbf ^bkie__f; agZq_gb_ ETEC (\ d<l·q) b \_ebqbgZ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby, dh]^Z \k_
28 ^bkdj_lgu_ \b^_hdZjlu (dGfx) \dexq_gu; ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb ijhklhy (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ k ih^^_j`dhc nmgdpbb WOL (\ <l) (_keb ijbf_gbfh); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby k ih^^_j`dhc nmgdpbb WOL (\ <l) (_keb ijbf_gbfh); DI> \gmlj_gg_]h bklhqgbdZ iblZgby ijb ihlj_[e_gbb 10 %, 20 %, 50 % b 100 % hl ghfbgZevghc \uoh^ghc fhsghklb; DI> \g_rg_]h bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby; mjh\_gv rmfZ (aZy\e_gguc mjh\_gv a\mdh\h]h ^Z\e_gby ih rdZe_ «:» dhfivxl_jZ; fbgbfZevgh_ qbkeh pbdeh\ aZjy^db, dhlhjh_ fh]ml \u^_j`b\Zlv Zddmfmeylhju (lhevdh ^ey ghml[mdh\); ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv rZ]h\ ^ey ^hklb`_gby klZ[bevgh]h wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby; hibkZgb_ ijhp_^mju \u[hjZ ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby kiys_]h j_`bfZ b (beb) j_`bfZ \udexq_gby; ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv kh[ulbc, g_h[oh^bfuo ^ey ^hklb`_gby j_`bfZ, \ dhlhjhf h[hjm^h\Zgb_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^bl \ kiysbc j_`bf b (beb) \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby; ijh^he`bl_evghklv khklhygby ijhklhy (ihdhy) i_j_^ l_f, dZd dhfivxl_j Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^bl \ kiysbc j_`bf beb ^jm]h_ khklhygb_, \ dhlhjhf ihlj_[e_gb_ fhsghklb g_ ij_\urZ_l lj_[m_fh]h ihlj_[e_gby fhsghklb \ kiys_f j_`bf_; i_jbh^ \j_f_gb [_a^_ckl\by ihevah\Zl_ey, ih bkl_q_gbb dhlhjh]h dhfivxl_j Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_oh^bl \ j_`bf iblZgby, dhlhjuc bf__l
29 [he__ gbadh_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_, q_f kiysbc j_`bf; \j_fy ^h i_j_oh^Z \ kiysbc j_`bf ihke_ i_jbh^Z [_a^_ckl\by ihevah\Zl_ey; bgnhjfZpby, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey ihevah\Zl_ey, h ihl_gpbZe_ wg_j]hk[_j_`_gby kbkl_fu mijZ\e_gby we_dljhiblZgb_f; bgnhjfZpby, ij_^gZagZq_ggZy ^ey ihevah\Zl_ey, h nmgdpbhgZevguo \hafh`ghklyo mijZ\e_gby we_dljhiblZgb_f; h[s__ kh^_j`Zgb_ jlmlb \ nhjfZl_ aZibkb X,X f] ^ey dhfivxl_jh\ kh \kljh_gguf ^bkie__f, kh^_j`Zsbf jlmlv; [) ^ey ghml[mdh\, jZ[hlZxsbo hl h^gh]h beb g_kdhevdbo Zddmfmeylhjh\, dhlhju_ g_ fh]ml [ulv aZf_g_gu g_ijhn_kkbhgZevgufb ihevah\Zl_eyfb, \ ^hiheg_gb_ d bgnhjfZpbb, mdZaZgghc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» gZklhys_]h imgdlZ, \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo b gZ \g_rg_c miZdh\d_ ghml[mdZ ^he`gZ ijbkmlkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsZy aZibkv: «:ddmfmeylhj ^Zggh]h mkljhckl\Z g_ fh`_l [ulv e_]dh aZf_g_g kZfbf ihevah\Zl_e_f»; \) ^ey jZ[hqbo klZgpbc, fh[bevguo jZ[hqbo klZgpbc, gZklhevguo «lhgdbo deb_glh\», fZeuo k_j\_jh\ b dhfivxl_jh\-k_j\_jh\: DI> \gmlj_gg_]h (\g_rg_]h) bklhqgbdZ we_dljhiblZgby; fZdkbfZevgZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb ijhklhy (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ (\ <l); ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (\ <l); mjh\_gv rmfZ dhfivxl_jZ (aZy\e_gguc mjh\_gv a\mdh\h]h ^Z\e_gby ih rdZe_ :). 15. ?keb fh^_ev dhfivxl_jZ b (beb) k_j\_jZ bf__l g_kdhevdh dhgnb]mjZpbc, lh wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu fh]ml kh^_j`Zlv k\_^_gby, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdl_ 14 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, lhevdh ^ey
30 gZb[he__ keh`ghc dhgnb]mjZpbb \ ^Zgghc dZl_]hjbb dhfivxl_jh\ b (beb) k_j\_jh\. Ijb wlhf ^he`gu [ulv i_j_qbke_gu \k_ dhgnb]mjZpbb ^Zgghc fh^_eb dhfivxl_jZ b (beb) k_j\_jZ, gZ dhlhju_ jZkijhkljZgy_lky mdZaZggZy bgnhjfZpby. 16. < dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, ijbeZ]Z_fuo d dhfivxl_jZf b (beb) k_j\_jZf, dhlhjuc mdZaZg \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 23 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ^ey dhfivxl_jh\ b (beb) k_j\_jh\ ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gZ [ulv \dexq_gZ ke_^mxsZy bgnhjfZpby: Z) ^ey gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\, fhgh[ehqguo gZklhevguo dhfivxl_jh\ b ghml[mdh\: f_lh^bdZ baf_j_gby, bkihevah\ZggZy ijb hij_^_e_gbb bgnhjfZpbb, mdZaZgghc \ Z[aZpZo 2 – 12 ih^imgdlZ «Z» imgdlZ 14 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; agZq_gby bkiulZl_evguo iZjZf_ljh\ \ oh^_ baf_j_gbc; agZq_gby bkiulZl_evgh]h gZijy`_gby (\ <) b qZklhlu (\ =p); agZq_gby h[sbo ]Zjfhgbq_kdbo bkdZ`_gbc \ kbkl_f_ we_dljhkgZ[`_gby; bgnhjfZpby h[ baf_jbl_evguo ijb[hjZo b bkiulZl_evghf h[hjm^h\Zgbb, bkihevam_fuo ^ey ijh\_^_gby we_dljbq_kdbo bkiulZgbc; [) ^ey jZ[hqbo klZgpbc, fh[bevguo jZ[hqbo klZgpbc, gZklhevguo «lhgdbo deb_glh\», fZeuo k_j\_jh\ b dhfivxl_jh\-k_j\_jh\: agZq_gby bkiulZl_evguo iZjZf_ljh\ \ oh^_ baf_j_gbc; agZq_gby bkiulZl_evgh]h gZijy`_gby (\ <) b qZklhlu (\ =p); agZq_gby h[sbo ]Zjfhgbq_kdbo bkdZ`_gbc \ kbkl_f_ we_dljhkgZ[`_gby; ^hdmf_glZpby gZ ijb[hju, mklZgh\db b ko_fu, bkihevam_fu_ ^ey ijh\_^_gby we_dljbq_kdbo bkiulZgbc;
31 dZl_]hjby ijh^mdlZ A, B, C beb D; wnn_dlb\ghklv \gmlj_gg_]h (\g_rg_]h) bklhqgbdZ iblZgby; fZdkbfZevgZy fhsghklv (\ <l); fhsghklv ijb khklhygbb ijhklhy (khklhygbb ihdhy) (\ <l); fhsghklv \ kiys_f j_`bf_ (\ <l); fhsghklv \ \udexq_gghf khklhygbb (\ <l); f_lh^bdZ baf_j_gby, bkihevah\ZggZy ijb hij_^_e_gbb bgnhjfZpbb, mdZaZgghc \ ih^imgdl_ «\» imgdlZ 15 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. V. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhfivxl_jh\ b k_j\_jh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 17. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhfivxl_jh\ b k_j\_jh\ ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj dZ`^hc fh^_eb (dhgnb]mjZpbb) dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ. Fh^_ev (dhgnb]mjZpby) dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c lj_[h\Zgbyf gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, _keb ^ey ijbf_gbfh]h d g_c i_j_qgy lj_[h\Zgbc: Z) baf_j_ggZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^ey iZjZf_ljh\, mdZaZgguo \ imgdlZo 4 – 7 b ih^imgdl_ «[» imgdlZ 8 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, g_ ij_\hkoh^bl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__, q_f gZ 7 %; [) baf_j_ggZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^ey iZjZf_ljh\, mdZaZgguo \ ih^imgdlZo «Z» b «\» imgdlZ 8 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, k ^h[Z\dhc d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m \ kemqZ_ \dexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL b [_a lZdhc ^h[Z\db ijb hldexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL, g_ ij_\hkoh^bl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__, q_f gZ 7 %;
32 \) baf_j_ggZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^ey iZjZf_ljh\, mdZaZgguo \ Z[aZpZo i_j\hf b lj_lv_f imgdlZ 9 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, k ^h[Z\dhc d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m ijb gZebqbb bgnhjfZpbhggh]h ^bkie_y beb bg^bdZlhjZ khklhygby, g_ ij_\hkoh^bl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__, q_f gZ 0,10 <l; ]) baf_j_ggZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^ey iZjZf_ljh\, mdZaZgguo \ Z[aZpZo i_j\hf b lj_lv_f imgdlZ 9 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc k ^h[Z\dhc d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m ijb gZebqbb bgnhjfZpbhggh]h ^bkie_y beb bg^bdZlhjZ khklhygby g_ ij_\hkoh^bl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__, q_f gZ 0,10 <l; ^) baf_j_ggZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv ^ey iZjZf_ljh\, mdZaZgguo \ ih^imgdlZo «Z» b «\» imgdlZ 10 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc k ^h[Z\dhc d ^himklbfhfm ghjfZlb\m \ kemqZ_ \dexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL b [_a lZdhc ^h[Z\db ijb hldexq_gghc nmgdpbb WOL g_ ij_\hkoh^bl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__, q_f gZ 0,10 <l; _) kj_^gb_ agZq_gby baf_j_gguo iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb [ehdh\ b bklhqgbdh\ iblZgby, mdZaZggu_ \ imgdlZo 10 b 11 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, g_ gb`_ ij_^_evgh ^himklbfuo agZq_gbc [he__, q_f gZ 2 % ^ey DI> b [he__ q_f gZ 10 % ^ey dhwnnbpb_glZ fhsghklb; `) kgb`_gb_ kdhjhklb jZ[hlu \k_o k_l_\uo kh_^bg_gbc ^h 1 ]b]Z[blZ \ k_dmg^m (=[bl/k) ijb i_j_oh^_ \ kiysbc j_`bf beb \udexq_gby ih ehdZevghc k_lb Ethernet b \_ebqbgZ \j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ i_j_oh^Z \ kiysbc j_`bf b \ha\jZs_gby \ jZ[hqbc j_`bf, Z lZd`_ ^jm]b_ iZjZf_lju Zdlb\Zpbb mijZ\e_gby iblZgb_f khhl\_lkl\mxl lj_[h\Zgby, mdZaZgguf \ imgdl_ 13 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc.
33 18. ?keb fh^_ev (dhgnb]mjZpby) dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ g_ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ imgdl_ 17 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, lh ijh\_jyxl 3 kemqZcgh \u[jZgguo h[jZapZ lhc `_ fh^_eb (dhgnb]mjZpbb) dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ. Fh^_ev dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 h[jZaph\ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ ih^imgdlZo «Z» ‒ «`» imgdlZ 17 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev (dhgnb]mjZpbx) dhfivxl_jZ beb k_j\_jZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 18 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbч_kdhc эфф_dlb\ghklb gZkhkh\ ^eя \h^ы I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) Z\lhghfgu_ b bgl_]jbjh\Zggu_ (\kljh_ggu_ \ ^jm]h_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_) gZkhku, ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey i_j_dZqdb qbklhc \h^u (^Ze__ – gZkhku ^ey \h^u), aZ bkdexq_gb_f: Z) gZkhkh\, ij_^gZagZq_gguo bkdexqbl_evgh ^ey p_e_c ih`Zjhlmr_gby; [) gZkhkh\, ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_gguo ^ey i_j_dZqdb \h^u ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gb`_ fbgmk 10º K beb \ur_ 120º K, ijb mkeh\bb, qlh wlh mdZaZgh \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo, mdZaZgguo \ imgdl_ 7 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc; \) h[t_fguo gZkhkh\; ]) kZfh\kZku\Zxsbo gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb gZhkh\ ^ey \h^u ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, gZkhku ^ey \h^u ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky.
2 II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbc Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «dhgkhevguc fhgh[ehqguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u (ESCC)» – gZkhk ^ey \h^u k hk_\uf \oh^hf, \ dhlhjhf m^ebg_gguc \Ze ^\b]Zl_ey kem`bl \Zehf gZkhkZ; «dhgkhevguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u» – h^ghklmi_gqZluc p_gljh[_`guc gZkhk ^ey \h^u k kmobf ijb\h^hf b hk_\uf \oh^hf, ij_^gZagZq_ggmx ^ey ijbf_g_gby ijb ^Z\e_gbb ^h 16 [Zj k ijb\_^_gghc kdhjhklvx \jZs_gby hl 6 ^h 80 h[/fbg, m dhlhjh]h ghfbgZevgZy ih^ZqZ khklZ\ey_l g_ f_g__ 6 f 3 /q (1,667×10 -3 f 3 /k), fZdkbfZevgZy fhsghklv gZ \Zem – 150 dВl, fZdkbfZevguc gZihj ijb ghfbgZevghc kdhjhklb \jZs_gby 1450 h[/fbg – 90 f b fZdkbfZevguc gZihj ijb ghfbgZevghc kdhjhklb \jZs_gby 2900 h[/fbg – 140 f; «dhgkhevguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u (ESOB)» – gZkhk ^ey \h^u k hk_\uf ih^\h^hf b kh[kl\_gguf ih^rbigbdh\uf maehf; «dhgklZglZ C» – ihklhyggZy \_ebqbgZ ^ey dhgdj_lguo lbih\ gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u, hij_^_eyxsZy \ dhebq_kl\_gghc nhjf_ jZaebqb_ \ wnn_dlb\ghklb wlbo lbih\ gZkhkh\; «dhwnnbpb_gl ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by (DI>) gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u (η)» – hlghr_gb_ f_oZgbq_kdhc wg_j]bb, i_j_^Z\Z_fhc `b^dhklb ijb ijhoh`^_gbb __ q_j_a gZkhk, d f_oZgbq_kdhc fhsghklb gZ \Zem gZkhkZ; «ebg_cguc dhgkhevguc fhgh[ehqguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u (ESCCi)» – dhgkhevguc fhgh[ehqguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u, \ dhlhjhf \oh^ghc b \uoh^ghc iZljm[db jZkiheh`_gu \^hev h^ghc hkb;
3 «fbgbfZevguc bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI)» – [_ajZaf_jgZy \_ebqbgZ, oZjZdl_jbamxsZy wnn_dlb\ghklv gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_, ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ b i_j_]jmad_; «fgh]hklmi_gqZluc \_jlbdZevguc gZkhk (MS-V)» – fgh]hklmi_gqZluc (Т > 1) p_gljh[_`guc gZkhk k bahebjh\Zgguf ijb\h^hf, \ dhlhjhf jZ[hqb_ dhe_kZ kfhglbjh\Zgu gZ \_jlbdZevgh jZkiheh`_gghf \Zem, jZkkqblZgguc gZ ^Z\e_gb_ ^h 25 [Zj ijb ghfbgZevghc kdhjhklb \jZs_gby 2900 h[/fbg b fZdkbfZevghc ih^Zq_ \h^u 100 f 3 /q (27,78×10 -3 f 3 /k); «fgh]hklmi_gqZluc ih]jm`ghc gZkhk (MSS)» – fgh]hklmi_gqZluc (i > 1) p_gljh[_`guc gZkhk k ghfbgZevguf gZjm`guf ^bZf_ljhf, khklZ\eyxsbf 4 ^xcfZ (10,16 kf) beb 6 ^xcfh\ (15,24 kf), dhlhjuc ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey bkihevah\Zgby \ kd\Z`bg_ ijb jZ[hqbo l_fi_jZlmjZo hl 0º C ^h 90º C b ghfbgZevghc kdhjhklb \jZs_gby 2900 h[/fbg; «gZkhk k bahebjh\Zgguf ijb\h^hf» – gZkhk, \ dhlhjhf ihehklv jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ b ijb\h^ bahebjh\Zgu ^jm] hl ^jm]Z, ijb wlhf bkdexq_g dhglZdl ijb\h^Z k i_j_dZqb\Z_fhc `b^dhklvx; «qZklbqgZy aZ]jmadZ (PL)» – jZ[hqZy lhqdZ gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u, \ dhlhjhc ih^ZqZ khklZ\ey_l 75 % hl ih^Zqb \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_; «ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv» – fhsghklv, mklZgh\e_ggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f ijb ghjfZevguo mkeh\byo ih^Zqb b aZ^Zgghf gZihj_; «h[t_fguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u» – gZkhk ^ey \h^u, \ dhlhjhf qbklZy \h^Z i_j_f_sZ_lky d \uoh^m gZkhkZ hij_^_e_ggufb ihjpbyfb; «i_j_]jmadZ (OL)» – jZ[hqZy lhqdZ gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u, \ dhlhjhc ih^ZqZ khklZ\ey_l 110 % hl ih^Zqb \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_; «iheghjZaf_jgh_ jZ[hq__ dhe_kh» – jZ[hq__ dhe_kh fZdkbfZevgh]h ^bZf_ljZ ^ey gZkhkZ hij_^_e_ggh]h lbihjZaf_jZ;
4 «ijb\_^_ggZy kdhjhklv \jZs_gby ns (dhwnnbpb_gl [ukljhoh^ghklb)» – \_ebqbgZ, hij_^_ey_fZy jZaf_jZfb b nhjfhc jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ gZkhkZ ijb aZ^Zgguo agZq_gbyo gZihjZ, ih^Zqb b qZklhlu \jZs_gby \ZeZ: ]^_: gZihj (G) – ]b^jZ\ebq_kdZy wg_j]by \h^u, ijbh[j_l_ggZy ih^ ^_ckl\b_f gZkhkZ b \ujZ`_ggZy \ f_ljZo \h^ygh]h klhe[Z; qZklhlZ \jZs_gby (n) – qbkeh h[hjhlh\ \ fbgmlm \ZeZ gZkhkZ; ih^ZqZ (Q) – h[t_fguc ihlhd \h^u, ijhl_dZxs_c q_j_a gZkhk (\ f 3 /k); qbkeh klmi_g_c (і) – dhebq_kl\h jZ[hqbo dhe_k \ gZkhk_; hilbfZevgZy lhqdZ (B?J) – jZ[hqZy lhqdZ gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u, \ dhlhjhc ijb i_j_dZqd_ qbklhc oheh^ghc \h^u ^hklb]Z_lky gZb\ukr__ agZq_gb_ DI> gZkhkZ; «jZ[hq__ dhe_kh» – \jZsZxsZyky qZklv p_gljh[_`gh]h gZkhkZ, dhlhjZy i_j_^Z_l wg_j]bx i_j_dZqb\Z_fhc `b^dhklb; «kZfh\kZku\Zxsbc gZkhk ^ey \h^u» – gZkhk, dhlhjuc kihkh[_g nmgdpbhgbjh\Zlv ijb qZklbqghf aZiheg_gbb \h^hc; «p_gljh[_`guc gZkhk ^ey \h^u» – gZkhk, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey i_j_dZqb\Zgby qbklhc \h^u ihkj_^kl\hf \ha^_ckl\by gZ g__ ]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdbo kbe; «qbklZy \h^Z» – \h^Z, \ dhlhjhc kh^_j`Zgb_ k\h[h^guo g_jZkl\hj_gguo l\_j^uo qZklbp g_ ij_\urZ_l 0,25 d]/f 3 b kh^_j`Zgb_ jZkl\hj_gguo l\_j^uo \_s_kl\ khklZ\ey_l g_ [he__ 50 d]/f 3 ijb
5 mkeh\bb, qlh h[s__ kh^_j`Zgb_ ]ZaZ \ \h^_ g_ ij_\urZ_l h[t_fZ gZkus_gby (^h[Z\db ^ey ij_^hl\jZs_gby aZf_jaZgby \h^u ^h l_fi_jZlmju fbgmk 10º C g_ mqblu\Zxlky); «qbklZy oheh^gZy \h^Z» – qbklZy \h^Z k fZdkbfZevghc dbg_fZlbq_kdhc \yadhklvx 1,5×10 -6 f 2 /k, fZdkbfZevghc iehlghklvx 1050 d]/f 3 b fZdkbfZevghc l_fi_jZlmjhc 40º C, bkihevam_fZy ijb bkiulZgbyo gZkhkZ. III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u 3. >ey gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u ^he`gu [ulv ijh\_^_gu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ baf_j_gby (bkiulZgby) b hij_^_e_gu agZq_gby fbgbfZevgh]h bg^_dkZ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI) ijb iheghf ^bZf_lj_ jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ ijb i_j_dZqd_ oheh^ghc qbklhc \h^u ^ey gZihjZ b ih^Zqb \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_ (BEP), ijb g_^h]jmad_ (PL) b i_j_]jmad_ (OL). 4. FbgbfZevgh lj_[m_fuc DI> \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_ (BEP) \uqbkey_lky ih ke_^mxs_c nhjfme_: (ηBEP) min requ = 88,59·x + 13,46·y – 11,48·x 2 – 0,85·y 2 – 0,38·б·y – CPumpType, rpm , ]^_: o = ln(ns); m = ln(Q); ns – ijb\_^_ggZy kdhjhklv \jZs_gby \ fbg -1 ; Q – ih^ZqZ (\ f 3 /q); ln – agZd gZlmjZevgh]h eh]ZjbnfZ;
6 CPumpType, rpm – agZq_gby dhgklZglu K ^ey lbiZ gZkhkZ (Pump Type), kdhjhklb \jZs_gby (\ h[/fbg (rpm)) b fbgbfZevguo bg^_dkh\ wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI) ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[ebp_. LZ[ebpZ FbgbfZevgu_ bg^_dku wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI) b khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ bf dhgklZglu K \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lbiZ gZkhkZ b _]h kdhjhklb AgZq_gb_ K ^ey MEI CPumpType, rpm (lbi gZkhkZ, h[/fbg) MEI = 0,10 MEI = 0,40 C (ESOB, 1450) 132,58 128,07 C (ESOB, 2900) 135,60 130,27 C (ESCC, 1450) 132,74 128,46 C (ESCC, 2900) 135,93 130,77 C (ESCCI, 1450) 136,67 132,30 C (ESCCI, 2900) 139,45 133,69 C (MS-V, 2900) 138,19 133,95 C (MSS, 2900) 134,31 128,79 FbgbfZevgh lj_[m_fuc DI> \ mkeh\byo g_^h]jmadb (PL) b i_j_]jmadb (OL) ih hlghr_gbx d lj_[h\Zgbyf ijb 100-ijhp_glghc ih^Zq_ (ηΒΕΡ) jZkkqblu\Z_lky ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf: (ηPL) min, requ = 0,947·(ηBEP) min requ ; (ηOL) min, requ = 0,985·(ηBEP) min requ . Вk_ agZq_gby DI> hlghkylky d ghfbgZevghfm beb iheghfm ([_a dhjj_dpbb beb ih^j_adb) ^bZf_ljm jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ. Fgh]hklmi_gqZluc \_jlbdZevguc gZkhk ^ey \h^u ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg ^ey lj_oklmi_gqZlh]h \ZjbZglZ (i = 3). Fgh]hklmi_gqZluc ih]jm`ghc gZkhk
7 ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg ^ey ^_\ylbklmi_gqZlh]h \ZjbZglZ (i = 9). ?keb gZkhk g_ fh`_l bf_lv aZ^Zggh_ dhebq_kl\h klmi_g_c, lh \u[bjZ_lky gZkhk k [eb`Zcrbf qbkehf klmi_g_c. 5. GZkhku ^ey \h^u ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv ke_^mxsbf lj_[h\Zgbyf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb: Z) k 1 k_gly[jy 2020 ]h^Z: DI> η \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_ (BEP) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,1 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηΒΕΡ) min, requ ; DI> η ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (PL) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,1 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηPL) min, requ ; DI> η ijb i_j_]jmad_ (OL) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,1 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηOL) min, requ ; [) k 1 k_gly[jy 2023 ]h^Z: DI> η \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_ (BEP ) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,4 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηΒΕΡ) min, requ ; DI> η ijb qZklbqghc aZ]jmad_ (PL) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,4 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηPL) min, requ ; DI> η ijb i_j_]jmad_ (OL) ijb baf_j_gbb \ khhl\_lkl\bb k imgdlhf 4 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc kh agZq_gb_f K ^ey MEI = 0,4 g_ gb`_ agZq_gby (ηOL) min, requ . 6. FZjdbjh\dZ gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u ^he`gZ kh^_j`Zlv ke_^mxsmx bgnhjfZpbx h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo:
8 fbgbfZevguc bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI) \ ke_^mxs_c nhjf_ aZibkb: «MEI ≥ Дб,ббЖ»; DI> ]b^jZ\ebq_kdh]h gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u (\ %) ijb kdhjj_dlbjh\Zgghf ^bZf_lj_ jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ Дбб,бЖ. 7. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d gZkhkZf ^ey \h^u, ij_^mkfhlj_ggu_ imgdlhf 13 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ KhxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?АЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl), ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv bgnhjfZpbx, ij_^mkfhlj_ggmx imgdlhf 6 gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, Z lZd`_ ke_^mxsb_ k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo: klZg^Zjlguc l_dkl: «wlZehggh_ agZq_gb_ MEI gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u k emqrbf DI> ≥ 0,70» beb «wlZehggh_ agZq_gb_ MEI ≥ 0,70»; jZ[hqb_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb gZkhkZ, \ lhf qbke_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; bgnhjfZpby, dZkZxsZyky jZa[hjdb, ih\lhjgh]h bkihevah\Zgby b mlbebaZpbb gZkhkZ; klZg^Zjlguc l_dkl: «Эg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv gZkhkZ k dhjj_dlbjh\Zgguf jZ[hqbf dhe_khf h[uqgh gb`_, q_f m klZg^Zjlgh]h gZkhkZ k iheguf ^bZf_ljhf jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ. Ihkj_^kl\hf dhjj_dpbb (ih^j_adb) jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ gZkhk ijbkihkh[e_g ^ey nmgdpbhgbjh\Zgby \ aZ^Zgghc jZ[hq_c lhqd_ kh kgb`_gguf wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_f. FbgbfZevguc bg^_dk wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb (MEI) hlghkblky d iheghfm ^bZf_ljm jZ[hq_]h dhe_kZ»; klZg^Zjlguc l_dkl: «>_ckl\b_ ^Zggh]h gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u \ jZaebqgu_ fhf_glu jZ[hlu fh`_l [ulv wnn_dlb\gh b wdhghfbqgh, _keb hg gZoh^blky ih^ dhgljhe_f, gZijbf_j, ihkj_^kl\hf j_]mebjh\Zgby kdhjhklb gZkhkZ \ kbkl_f_»;
9 klZg^Zjlguc l_dkl ^ey gZkhkh\, ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_gguo lhevdh ^ey i_j_dZqdb qbklhc \h^u ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gb`_ fbgmk 10º C: «Lhevdh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gb`_ fbgmk 10º C»; klZg^Zjlguc l_dkl ^ey gZkhkh\, ki_pbZevgh ij_^gZagZq_gguo lhevdh ^ey i_j_dZqdb qbklhc \h^u ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ \ur_ 120º C «Lhevdh ^ey bkihevah\Zgby ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ \ur_ 120º C»; _keb gZkhk ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey i_j_dZqdb qbklhc \h^u ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gb`_ fbgmk 10º C beb \ur_ 120º C, lh ^he`gu [ulv mdZaZgu khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ l_ogbq_kdb_ iZjZf_lju b oZjZdl_jbklbdb. IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 8. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) gZkhkh\ ^ey \h^u ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 lbih\hc wda_fieyj gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u dZ`^hc fh^_eb. Fh^_ev gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c lj_[h\Zgbyf gZklhys_]h ^hdmf_glZ, _keb baf_j_ggZy \ hilbfZevghc lhqd_, ijb g_^h]jmad_ b ijb i_j_]jmad_ wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u (ηΒΕΡ , ηΡL b ηΟL) g_ gb`_ agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ imgdl_ 5 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, [he__ q_f gZ 5%. ?keb fh^_ev gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u kqblZ_lky g_ khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ Z[aZp_ i_j\hf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ, lh ijh\_jyxlky _s_ 3 wda_fieyjZ gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u. Fh^_ev gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ηΒΕΡ, ηΡL b ηΟL wlbo 3 h[jZaph\ g_ gb`_ agZq_gbc, mdZaZgguo \ Z[aZp_ i_j\hf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ.
10 В bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev gZkhkZ ^ey \h^u ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________
IJBEH@?GB? № 19 d l_ogbq_kdhfm j_]eZf_glm ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) ТРЕ;H<:GИY d эg_j]_lbq_kdhc эnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ \ha^moZ b dhfgZlgыo \_glbeяlhjh\ I. H[eZklv ijbf_g_gby 1. GZklhysb_ Lj_[h\Zgby jZkijhkljZgyxlky gZ \uimkdZ_fu_ \ h[jZs_gb_ gZ lZfh`_gghc l_jjblhjbb ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h khxaZ (^Ze__ – Khxa) iblZxsb_ky hl we_dljbq_kdhc k_lb dhg^bpbhg_ju \ha^moZ k ghfbgZevghc fhsghklvx ^ey hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) ^ey h[h]j_\Z g_ [he__ 12 d<l (^Ze__ – dhg^bpbhg_ju), Z lZd`_ dhfgZlgu_ \_glbeylhju k ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklvx g_ [he__ 125 <l (^Ze__ – \_glbeylhju), aZ bkdexq_gb_f: Z) dhg^bpbhg_jh\, \ dhlhjuo bkiZjbl_e_f b (beb) dhg^_gkZlhjhf \ dZq_kl\_ l_iehh[f_gghc kj_^u g_ bkihevam_lky \ha^mo; [) dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\, jZ[hlZxsbo aZ kq_l bkihevah\Zgby ^jm]bo \b^h\ wg_j]bb ihfbfh we_dljhwg_j]bb. ?keb \ hlghr_gbb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\ ijbgylu bgu_ l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdb_ j_]eZf_glu LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby d gbf, dhg^bpbhg_ju b \_glbeylhju ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf \k_o l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ KhxaZ (l_ogbq_kdbo j_]eZf_glh\ LZfh`_ggh]h khxaZ), ^_ckl\b_ dhlhjuo gZ gbo jZkijhkljZgy_lky.
2 II. Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby 2. >ey p_e_c ijbf_g_gby gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc bkihevamxlky ihgylby, dhlhju_ hagZqZxl ke_^mxs__: «Zdlb\guc j_`bf» – jZ[hqbc j_`bf dhg^bpbhg_jZ, jZ[hlZxs_]h gZ hoeZ`^_gb_ beb h[h]j_\, ijb dhlhjhf dhg^bpbhg_j fh`_l \dexqZlvky b \udexqZlvky ^ey h[_ki_q_gby lj_[m_fhc l_fi_jZlmju \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb; «\_glbeylhj» – ijb[hj, dhlhjuc ]eZ\guf h[jZahf ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey kha^Zgby \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ, h[^m\Zxs_]h q_eh\_q_kdh_ l_eh beb _]h qZklb \ p_eyo hoeZ`^_gby, \dexqZy \_glbeylhju, h[eZ^Zxsb_ ^hihegbl_evgufb nmgdpbyfb (gZijbf_j, hk\_s_gb_ b (beb) ih^k\_ldZ, ^bklZgpbhggh_ mijZ\e_gb_, ^Zlqbd ijbkmlkl\by, lZcf_j, aZ^_j`dZ hldexq_gby, ^Zlqbd \eZ`ghklb, m\eZ`gbl_ev b (beb) bhgbaZlhj \ha^moZ, nmgdpby ih\hjhlZ (gZdehgZ) \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ b ^j.); «\j_fy jZ[hlu \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (HOFF)» – aZ\bkysbc hl khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h k_ahgZ b aZ^Zgghc nmgdpbb kmffZjguc i_jbh^ jZ[hlu \ qZkZo \ ]h^ (q/]h^), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h wg_j]hihlj_[eyxs__ mkljhckl\h gZoh^blky \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby; «\j_fy jZ[hlu \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (HSB)» – aZ\bkysbc hl khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h k_ahgZ b aZ^Zgghc nmgdpbb kmffZjguc i_jbh^ jZ[hlu \ qZkZo \ ]h^ (q/]h^), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h wg_j]hihlj_[eyxs__ mkljhckl\h gZoh^blky \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby; «\j_fy jZ[hlu \ j_`bf_ k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf (HTO)» – aZ\bkysbc hl khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h k_ahgZ b aZ^Zgghc nmgdpbb kmffZjguc i_jbh^ jZ[hlu \ qZkZo \ ]h^ (q/]h^), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h dhg^bpbhg_j gZoh^blky \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf;
3 «\j_fy jZ[hlu \ j_`bf_ k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f (HCK)» – aZ\bkysbc hl khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h k_ahgZ b aZ^Zgghc nmgdpbb kmffZjguc i_jbh^ jZ[hlu \ qZkZo \ ]h^ (q/]h^), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h dhg^bpbhg_j gZoh^blky \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k \dexq_gguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f dhfij_kkhjgh]h dZjl_jZ; «\j_fy jZ[hlu \_glbeylhjZ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ (HCE)» – ij_^iheh`bl_evgh h`b^Z_fuc kmffZjguc i_jbh^ jZ[hlu \ qZkZo \ ]h^ (q/]h^), \ l_q_gb_ dhlhjh]h \_glbeylhj h[_ki_qb\Z_l kha^Zgb_ fZdkbfZevgh]h ihlhdZ \ha^moZ; «]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey h[h]j_\Z (QHE)» – ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb dhg^bpbhg_jhf (\ d<l∙q/]h^) ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^ey h[h]j_\Z \ l_q_gb_ hij_^_e_ggh]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ, jZ\gh_ kmff_: wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^ey h[h]j_\Z, ^_e_ggh]h gZ k_ahggmx wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (SCOPon); ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb \ l_q_gb_ hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf, \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby, Z lZd`_ \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f; «]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey hoeZ`^_gby (QCE)» – ihlj_[e_gb_ we_dljhwg_j]bb dhg^bpbhg_jhf (\ d<l∙q/]h^) ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^ey hoeZ`^_gby, jZ\gh_ kmff_: wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^ey hoeZ`^_gby, ^_e_ggh]h gZ k_ahggmx wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (SEERon); ihlj_[e_gby we_dljhwg_j]bb \ l_q_gb_ k_ahgZ hoeZ`^_gby \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf, \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby, Z lZd`_ \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f;
4 «^\modZgZevguc dhg^bpbhg_j» – dhg^bpbhg_j, iheghklvx jZaf_sZ_fuc \gmljb dhg^bpbhgbjm_fh]h ihf_s_gby \[ebab kl_gu, \ dhlhjhf \ha^mo, h[^m\Zxsbc dhg^_gkZlhj beb bkiZjbl_ev \h \j_fy hoeZ`^_gby beb h[h]j_\Z, ih^Z_lky kgZjm`b q_j_a h^bg dZgZe b \u\h^blky aZ ij_^_eu ihf_s_gby q_j_a ^jm]hc dZgZe; «^ebl_evghklv [bgZ» – dhebq_kl\h qZkh\ Сj \ l_q_gb_ k_ahgZ, dh]^Z \ l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gghf bgl_j\Ze_ ([bg_) ij_h[eZ^Z_l l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj ; «aZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv» – mdZaZggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f fhsghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ d<l, ihlj_[ey_fZy ^ey h[_ki_q_gby jZ[hlu iZjhdhfij_kkbhggh]h pbdeZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby Pdc(Tj) beb h[h]j_\Z Pdh(Tj) ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj b l_fi_jZlmj_ \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb Tin ; «aZy\e_ggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (COPd(Tj))» – mdZaZggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey h]jZgbq_ggh]h dhebq_kl\Z l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\) k bg^_dkhf j, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo l_fi_jZlmjZf gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj ; «aZy\e_ggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (EERd(Tj))» – mdZaZggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ^ey h]jZgbq_ggh]h dhebq_kl\Z l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\) k bg^_dkhf j, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo l_fi_jZlmjZf gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj ; «dhg^bpbhg_j» – mkljhckl\h ^ey hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) gZ]j_\Z \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb aZ kq_l bkihevah\Zgby iZjhdhfij_kkbhggh]h pbdeZ l_ieh\h]h gZkhkZ, ijb\h^bfh]h \ ^_ckl\b_ k ihfhsvx we_dljbq_kdh]h dhfij_kkhjZ, \dexqZy dhg^bpbhg_ju, bf_xsb_ lZdb_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ nmgdpbb, dZd \_glbeypby, mf_gvr_gb_ \eZ`ghklb b hqbkldZ \ha^moZ,
5 ^hihegbl_evguc ih^h]j_\ \ha^moZ ihkj_^kl\hf we_dljhgZ]j_\Zl_ey, Z lZd`_ dhg^bpbhg_ju, dhlhju_ fh]ml bkiZjylv gZ dhg^_gkZlhj_ \h^m (dhg^_gkbjmxsmxky gZ bkiZjbl_e_ eb[h ih^Z\Z_fmx ba\g_), _keb ijb wlhf hgb kihkh[gu jZ[hlZlv lhevdh k \ha^mohf [_a ^hihegbl_evghc ih^Zqb \h^u; «dhwnnbpb_gl fhsghklb» – hlghr_gb_ aZy\e_gghc ba]hlh\bl_e_f h[s_c fhsghklb ijb hoeZ`^_gbb b (beb) h[h]j_\_ ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo ^ey \k_o wdkiemZlbjm_fuo maeh\ b mkljhckl\ \gmlj_gg_]h [ehdZ dhg^bpbhg_jZ d lZdhc `_ aZy\e_gghc fhsghklb ^ey \k_o maeh\ b mkljhckl\ \g_rg_]h [ehdZ dhg^bpbhg_jZ; «dhwnnbpb_gl ihl_jb wnn_dlb\ghklb» – \_ebqbgZ ihl_jb wnn_dlb\ghklb ba-aZ pbdebq_kdh]h j_`bfZ jZ[hlu (\dexq_gb_ (\udexq_gb_) dhfij_kkhjZ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_), dhlhjZy hij_^_ey_lky ^ey j_`bfZ hoeZ`^_gby (Cdc) b (beb) j_`bfZ h[h]j_\Z (Cdh) beb ih mfheqZgbx ijbgbfZ_lky jZ\ghc 0,25; «dhwnnbpb_gl qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb (pl(Tj))» – hlghr_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ aZ \uq_lhf 16 C d wlZehggh-jZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmj_ ^ey j_`bfh\ hoeZ`^_gby beb h[h]j_\Z aZ \uq_lhf 16 C; «fZdkbfZevguc ihlhd \ha^moZ (F)» – ihlhd \ha^moZ, kha^Z\Z_fuc \_glbeylhjhf \ f 3 /fbg ijb mklZgh\d_ fZdkbfZevghc fhsghklb, baf_j_gguc kh klhjhgu \uoh^Z ihlhdZ ijb \udexq_gghf f_oZgbaf_ ih\hjhlZ (gZdehgZ) (ijb gZebqbb); «f_oZgbaf ih\hjhlZ (gZdehgZ)» – mkljhckl\h ^ey Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h baf_g_gby \_glbeylhjhf gZijZ\e_gby ihlhdZ \ha^moZ \h \j_fy jZ[hlu \_glbeylhjZ; «fhsghklv ijb pbdebq_kdhf (ij_ju\bklhf) j_`bf_ jZ[hlu» – kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ aZy\e_gghc fhsghklb, \a\_r_ggh_ \h \j_f_gb, \ pbdebq_kdhf bgl_j\Ze_ bkiulZgby dhg^bpbhg_jZ (ijb pbdebq_kdbo
6 gZ]jmadZo ba-aZ \dexq_gby b \udexq_gby dhfij_kkhjZ) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (PМвМK) beb h[h]j_\Z (PМвМG); «ghfbgZevgZy \oh^gZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (PCOP)» – we_dljbq_kdZy \oh^gZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ (\ d<l) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo; «ghfbgZevgZy \oh^gZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (PEER)» – we_dljbq_kdZy \oh^gZy ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ (\ d<l) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo; «ghfbgZevgZy fhsghklv (Jrated)» – fhsghklv, ihlj_[ey_fZy dhg^bpbhg_jhf ^ey h[_ki_q_gby jZ[hlu iZjhdhfij_kkbhggh]h pbdeZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) h[h]j_\Z ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo; «ghfbgZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (EERrated)» – hlghr_gb_ aZy\e_gghc fhsghklb hoeZ`^_gby dhg^bpbhg_jZ (\ d<l) d ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (\ d<l) ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo; «ghfbgZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (COPrated)» – hlghr_gb_ aZy\e_gghc fhsghklb h[h]j_\Z dhg^bpbhg_jZ (\ d<l) d ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (\ d<l) ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo; «ghfbgZevguc ihlhd \ha^moZ» – ihlhd \ha^moZ (\ f 3 /q), baf_j_gguc gZ \uoh^_ ba \gmlj_gg_]h beb gZjm`gh]h (ijb gZebqbb) [ehdZ dhg^bpbhg_jZ ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (beb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z, _keb dhg^bpbhg_j g_ bf__l nmgdpbb hoeZ`^_gby); «h^ghdZgZevguc dhg^bpbhg_j» – dhg^bpbhg_j, \ dhlhjhf \h \j_fy hoeZ`^_gby beb h[h]j_\Z \ha^mo h[^m\Zxsbc dhg^_gkZlhj beb
7 bkiZjbl_ev ih^Z_lky ba ihf_s_gby, \ dhlhjhf gZoh^blky dhg^bpbhg_j, b \u\h^blky aZ ij_^_eu wlh]h ihf_s_gby; «ihl_gpbZe ]eh[Zevgh]h ihl_ie_gby (GWP)» – dhwnnbpb_gl, hij_^_eyxsbc kl_i_gv \ha^_ckl\by h^gh]h dbeh]jZffZ \_s_kl\Z \ qZklb _]h kh^_ckl\by iZjgbdh\hfm wnn_dlm (]eh[Zevghfm ihl_ie_gbx) \ l_q_gb_ 100 e_l, qbke_ggh jZ\guc wd\b\Ze_glghc fZkk_ m]e_dbkeh]h ]ZaZ \ d], kha^Zxs_]h lZdhc `_ iZjgbdh\uc wnn_dl aZ 100 e_l (GАPkh2 = 1), dhlhjuc \\_^_g \ khhl\_lkl\bb k Dbhlkdbf ijhlhdhehf hl 11 ^_dZ[jy 1997 ]h^Z d JZfhqghc dhg\_gpbb HHG h[ baf_g_gbb debfZlZ hl 9 fZy 1992 ]h^Z b hnbpbZevgufb im[ebdZpbyfb (hlq_lZfb) F_`ijZ\bl_evkl\_gghc ]jmiiu wdki_jlh\ ih baf_g_gbx debfZlZ IPCC \ jZfdZo \uiheg_gby Ijh]jZffu HHG ih hdjm`Zxs_c kj_^_ UNEP; «ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (POFF)» – fhsghklv (\ d<l), ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdbf wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbf mkljhckl\hf \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby; «ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (PSB)» – fhsghklv (\ d<l), ihlj_[ey_fZy we_dljbq_kdbf wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbf mkljhckl\hf \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby; «ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f (PCK)» – fhsghklv (\ d<l), ihlj_[ey_fZy dhg^bpbhg_jhf \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f; «ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf (PTO)» – fhsghklv (\ d<l), ihlj_[ey_fZy dhg^bpbhg_jhf \ j_`bf_ jZ[hlu k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf; «ij_^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmju (Tol)» – mdZaZggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f fbgbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ (\ C), ijb dhlhjhf dhg^bpbhg_j kihkh[_g jZ[hlZlv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (gb`_ ^Zgghc l_fi_jZlmju aZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv h[h]j_\Z jZ\gZ gmex);
8 «ijh_dlgZy (ghfbgZevgZy) fhsghklv (gZ]jmadZ)» – mdZaZggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f fhsghklv (gZ]jmadZ) (\ d<l) ijb wlZehggh-jZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmj_ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby PНОsТРnK (jZ\gZ fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ijb Tj = TНОsТРnK ) b (beb) gZ]j_\Z PНОsТРnG (jZ\gZ qZklbqghc gZ]jmad_ \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ijb Tj = TНОsТРnG ); «j_\_jkb\guc dhg^bpbhg_j» – dhg^bpbhg_j, ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey hoeZ`^_gby b gZ]j_\Z \ha^moZ; «j_]mebjh\Zgb_ fhsghklb» – kihkh[ghklv ijb[hjZ baf_gylv k\hx fhsghklv iml_f baf_g_gby \_ebqbgu \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ (ijb[hju h[hagZqZxlky dZd «nbdkbjh\Zgh gZkljh_ggu_» – _keb ihlhd g_ j_]mebjm_lky, «klmi_gqZlh j_]mebjm_fu_» – _keb \hafh`gu ^\_ gZkljhcdb fhsghklb, b «j_]mebjm_fu_» – _keb ihlhd \ha^moZ \Zjvbjm_lky \ jZfdZo lj_o beb [he__ klmi_g_c); «j_`bf \udexq_gby» – khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby, gh g_ gZoh^blky \ Zdlb\ghf (jZ[hq_f) j_`bf_ beb j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby, Z fh`_l \uihegylv ebrv nmgdpbb h[_ki_q_gby we_dljhfZ]gblghc kh\f_klbfhklb b (beb) bg^bdZpbb j_`bfZ \udexq_gby; «j_`bf h`b^Zgby» – khklhygb_, ijb dhlhjhf we_dljhh[hjm^h\Zgb_ ih^dexq_gh d bklhqgbdm iblZgby b ijb wlhf g_h]jZgbq_ggh_ \j_fy \uihegy_l h^gm beb h[_ ke_^mxsb_ nmgdpbb: nmgdpbx j_Zdlb\Zpbb beb nmgdpbx j_Zdlb\Zpbb k bg^bdZpb_c kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb; nmgdpbx bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby; «j_`bf jZ[hlu k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf» – jZ[hqbc j_`bf dhg^bpbhg_jZ k dhfij_kkhjhf, jZ[hlZxsbf gZ hoeZ`^_gb_ beb h[h]j_\, [_a h[jZlghc k\yab k l_fi_jZlmjhc \ha^moZ \ dhg^bpbhgbjm_fhf ihf_s_gbb (\ aZ\bkbfhklb hl l_fi_jZlmju gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ);
9 «j_`bf jZ[hlu k dZjl_jguf gZ]j_\Zl_e_f» – j_`bf wdkiemZlZpbb dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ hlhibl_evguc k_ahg, ijb dhlhjhf Zdlb\bjh\Zg we_dljbq_kdbc gZ]j_\Zl_ev, ij_^hl\jZsZxsbc ihiZ^Zgb_ `b^dh]h oeZ^Z]_glZ \ dhfij_kkhj \h ba[_`Zgb_ ihehfhd ba-aZ aZklu\Zgby kfZadb b aZdbiZgby oeZ^Z]_glZ \ dZjl_j_ dhfij_kkhjZ ijb _]h \dexq_gbb; «j_a_j\gZy we_dljbq_kdZy fhsghklv ^ey ^hihegbl_evgh]h h[h]j_\Z elbu(Tj)» – ihlj_[ey_fZy ijb h[h]j_\_ fhsghklv (\ d<l) nZdlbq_kdh]h beb ij_^iheZ]Z_fh]h we_dljbq_kdh]h wd\b\Ze_glgh]h gZ]j_\Zl_evgh]h ijb[hjZ k wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklvx \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COP = 1, dhlhjZy ^h[Z\ey_lky d ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z Pdh(Tj) ^ey ^hklb`_gby qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb ^ey h[h]j_\Z Ph(Tj), _keb Pdh(Tj) f_gvr_, q_f Ph(Tj) ijb hij_^_e_gghc l_fi_jZlmj_ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj ; «k_ahggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (SCOPon)» – kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z \ l_q_gb_ hij_^_e_ggh]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ, dhlhjh_ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ba qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb, fhsghklb j_a_j\gh]h we_dljbq_kdh]h gZ]j_\Zl_ey ^ey ^hihegbl_evgh]h h[h]j_\Z (_keb lj_[m_lky) b wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb gZ \k_o l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\ZeZo COPbin(Tj), khhlg_k_gghc k ^ebl_evghklvx wlbo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\); «k_ahggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (SEERon)» – kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby, dhlhjh_ jZkkqblu\Z_lky ba qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb b wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb gZ \k_o l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\ZeZo (EERbin(Tj)), khhlg_k_gghc k ^ebl_evghklvx wlbo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\);
10 «k_ahggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (SEER)» – j_ij_a_glZlb\gh_ \ l_q_gb_ \k_]h k_ahgZ hoeZ`^_gby kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by dhg^bpbhg_jZ, jZ\gh_ hlghr_gbx wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby d ]h^h\hfm baf_j_gghfm ihlj_[e_gbx we_dljhwg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby; «k_ahggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (SCOP)» – j_ij_a_glZlb\gh_ ^ey khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ dhwnnbpb_glZ ihe_agh]h ^_ckl\by dhg^bpbhg_jZ, jZ\gh_ hlghr_gbx wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb ^ey h[h]j_\Z d ]h^h\hfm ihlj_[e_gbx we_dljhwg_j]bb ^ey h[h]j_\Z; «k_ahgu» – 4 gZ[hjZ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo mkeh\bc, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo q_luj_f i_jbh^Zf \ ]h^m (k_ahg hoeZ`^_gby b 3 hlhibl_evguo k_ahgZ – kj_^gbc, [he__ oheh^guc (oheh^g__) b [he__ l_ieuc (l_ie__)), ^ey dZ`^h]h ba dhlhjuo ijbgbfZ_lky jZa[b_gb_ gZ l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_ggu_ bgl_j\Zeu ([bgu), baf_jy_fu_ \ qZkZo hj , dh]^Z ij_h[eZ^Z_l l_fi_jZlmjZ Tj; «klZg^Zjlgu_ ghfbgZevgu_ mkeh\by» – dhf[bgZpby l_fi_jZlmj \ ihf_s_gbb Tin b gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj , dhlhju_ aZ^Zxl mkeh\by wdkiemZlZpbb ^ey hij_^_e_gby mjh\gy a\mdh\hc fhsghklb, ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb, ghfbgZevgh]h ihlhdZ \ha^moZ, ghfbgZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby EERrated b (beb) ghfbgZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COPrated ; «l_fi_jZlmjZ \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb (Tin)» – l_fi_jZlmjZ \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb ih kmohfm l_jfhf_ljm \ C k mdZaZgb_f (ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb) bgnhjfZpbb h[ hlghkbl_evghc \eZ`ghklb ihkj_^kl\hf ijb\_^_gby \ kdh[dZo khhl\_lkl\mxs_c l_fi_jZlmju ih \eZ`ghfm l_jfhf_ljm;
11 «l_fi_jZlmjZ ^\hcgh]h (j_a_j\gh]h) h[h]j_\Z (Tbiv)» – mdZaZggZy ba]hlh\bl_e_f l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj \ C \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z dhg^bpbhg_jZ, ijb dhlhjhc aZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv khhl\_lkl\m_l qZklbqghc gZ]jmad_, Z ijb [he__ gbadhc l_fi_jZlmj_ ^he`_g ^hihegbl_evgh \dexqZlvky j_a_j\guc we_dljbq_kdbc gZ]j_\Zl_ev; «l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ» (Tj) – l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ ih kmohfm l_jfhf_ljm \ C k mdZaZgb_f (ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb) bgnhjfZpbb h[ hlghkbl_evghc \eZ`ghklb ihkj_^kl\hf ijb\_^_gby \ kdh[dZo khhl\_lkl\mxs_c l_fi_jZlmju ih \eZ`ghfm l_jfhf_ljm; «l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gghc bgl_j\Ze У ([bg k bg^_dkhf У)» – khq_lZgb_ l_fi_jZlmju gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj b ^ebl_evghklb __ ij_h[eZ^Zgby \ qZkZo hj; «mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ» – mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb, kdhjj_dlbjh\Zgguc ih oZjZdl_jbklbd_ : \ ^;(A), baf_jy_fuc \ ihf_s_gbb beb \g_ ihf_s_gby ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo jZ[hlu dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (beb h[h]j_\Z, _keb dhg^bpbhg_j g_ bf__l nmgdpbb hoeZ`^_gby); «mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb \_glbeylhjZ (LWA)» – mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb, kdhjj_dlbjh\Zgguc ih oZjZdl_jbklbd_ : \ ^;(A), baf_jy_fuc ijb fZdkbfZevghf ghfbgZevghf ihlhd_ \ha^moZ kh klhjhgu \uoh^ys_]h ihlhdZ; «nmgdpby bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ij_^hklZ\e_gb_ bgnhjfZpbb beb hlh[jZ`_gb_ gZ bg^bdZlhj_ khklhygby h[hjm^h\Zgby, \dexqZy bg^bdZpbx \j_f_gb; «nmgdpby j_Zdlb\Zpbb» – nmgdpby, h[_ki_qb\ZxsZy ihkj_^kl\hf mkljhckl\ ^bklZgpbhggh]h mijZ\e_gby, \gmlj_ggbo ^Zlqbdh\ beb j_]meylhjh\ \u^_j`db \j_f_gb (lZcf_jh\) kihkh[ghklv d i_j_oh^m ba j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby \ jZ[hqbc j_`bf, dh]^Z ijhbkoh^bl Zdlb\Zpby
12 \uiheg_gby ]eZ\guo beb ]eZ\guo b ^hihegbl_evguo nmgdpbc h[hjm^h\Zgby; «qZklbqgZy gZ]jmadZ» – fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby Pc(Tj) beb h[h]j_\Z Ph(Tj) (\ d<l) ijb hij_^_e_gghc l_fi_jZlmj_ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj, jZ\gZy ijhba\_^_gbx ijh_dlghc (ghfbgZevghc) fhsghklb gZ dhwnnbpb_gl qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb pl(Tj); «wd\b\Ze_glguc i_jbh^ h[h]j_\Z \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ (HHE)» – jZkq_lgZy (ij_^iheZ]Z_fZy) ]h^h\Zy ^ebl_evghklv (\ q/]h^) jZ[hlu dhg^bpbhg_jZ gZ ijh_dlghc (ghfbgZevghc) fhsghklb (gZ]jmad_) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (PdesignH), g_h[oh^bfZy ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z; «wd\b\Ze_glguc i_jbh^ hoeZ`^_gby \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ (HCE)» – jZkq_lgZy (ij_^iheZ]Z_fZy) ]h^h\Zy ^ebl_evghklv (\ q/]h^) jZ[hlu dhg^bpbhg_jZ gZ ijh_dlghc (ghfbgZevghc) fhsghklb (gZ]jmad_) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (PdesignC), g_h[oh^bfZy ^ey h[_ki_q_gby wlZehggh]h ]h^h\h]h ihlj_[e_gby wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby; «wdkiemZlZpbhgguc ihdZaZl_ev (SV)» – hlghr_gb_ fZdkbfZevgh]h ihlhdZ \ha^moZ \ f 3 /fbg b ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ <l \_glbeylhjZ, \ujZ`_ggh_ \ (f 3 /fbg)/<l; «wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \_glbeylhjZ (PF)» – fhsghklv \ <l, ihlj_[ey_fZy \_glbeylhjhf, baf_j_ggZy ijb ghfbgZevghc fZdkbfZevghc kdhjhklb \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \_glbeylhjhf, kh \dexq_gghc nmgdpb_c ih\hjhlZ (gZdehgZ) (ijb gZebqbb); «wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo ijb[hjh\ (khhl\_lkl\_ggh QSD b QDD)» – wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) h[h]j_\Z \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl gZebqby nmgdpbc (^ey h^ghdZgZevguo ijb[hjh\ \ d<l∙q/q, ^ey ^\modZgZevguo – \ d<l∙q/]h^);
13 «wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_ggh]h bgl_j\ZeZ COPbin(Tj)» – m^_evgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z \ l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gghf bgl_j\Ze_ ([bg_) У ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj , jZkkqblu\Z_fZy k mq_lhf qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb, ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb b ghfbgZevghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COPd(Tj) ^ey hl^_evguo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\) j, fhsghklb b wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, ihemqZ_fuo f_lh^hf wdkljZiheypbb ^ey ^jm]bo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\), k ijbf_g_gb_f ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb dhwnnbpb_glZ ihl_jb wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb; «wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ^ey l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_ggh]h bgl_j\ZeZ (EERbin(Tj))» – m^_evgZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby \ l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gghf bgl_j\Ze_ ([bgZ) У ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ Tj , jZkkqblu\Z_fZy k mq_lhf qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb, ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb b ghfbgZevghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby EERd(Tj) ^ey hl^_evguo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\) j b fhsghklb b wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb, ihemqZ_fuo f_lh^hf wdkljZiheypbb ^ey ^jm]bo l_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\), k ijbf_g_gb_f ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb dhwnnbpb_glZ ihl_jb wnn_dlb\ghklb; «wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ pbdebq_kdhf (ij_ju\bklhf) j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (COPcyc)» – kj_^gyy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ pbdebq_kdhf bgl_j\Ze_ bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z, jZ\gZy hlghr_gbx kmffZjghc ihlj_[ey_fhc \ pbdebq_kdhf bgl_j\Ze_ fhsghklb \ d<l/q d ihlj_[ey_fhc aZ lhl `_ bgl_j\Ze \oh^ghc we_dljbq_kdhc fhsghklb \ <l/q;
14 «wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ pbdebq_kdhf (ij_ju\bklhf) j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (EERcyc)» – kj_^gyy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ pbdebq_kdhf bgl_j\Ze_ bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby, jZ\gZy hlghr_gbx kmffZjghc ihlj_[ey_fhc \ pbdebq_kdhf bgl_j\Ze_ fhsghklb \ d<l/q d ihlj_[ey_fhc aZ lhl `_ bgl_j\Ze \oh^ghc we_dljbq_kdhc fhsghklb \ <l/q; «wlZehggh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (QH)» – ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z \ d<l∙q/]h^, bkihevam_fh_ ^ey jZkq_lZ SCOP b ihemqZ_fh_ iml_f mfgh`_gby ijh_dlghc (ghfbgZevghc) fhsghklb (gZ]jmadb) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (PdesignH) gZ dhebq_kl\h qZkh\ jZ[hlu dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (HHE) \ l_q_gb_ hij_^_e_ggh]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ; «wlZehggh_ ]h^h\h_ ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby» (QC)» – ihlj_[e_gb_ wg_j]bb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (\ d<l∙q/]h^), bkihevam_fh_ ^ey jZkq_lZ SEER b ihemqZ_fh_ iml_f mfgh`_gby ijh_dlghc (ghfbgZevghc) fhsghklb (gZ]jmadb) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (PdesignC) gZ dhebq_kl\h qZkh\ wd\b\Ze_glgh]h i_jbh^Z hoeZ`^_gby \ Zdlb\ghf j_`bf_ (HCE); «wlZehggh-jZkq_lgZy l_fi_jZlmjZ» – l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ \ C ijb jZ[hl_ dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (TdesignC) beb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (TdesignH), ijb dhlhjhc dhwnnbpb_gl qZklbqghc gZ]jmadb jZ\_g _^bgbp_ b dhlhjZy \u[bjZ_lky ^ey dhgdj_lgh]h k_ahgZ, \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h, jZ[hlZ_l eb dhg^bpbhg_j \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby beb h[h]j_\Z; «wlZehggh-jZkq_lgu_ mkeh\by» – dhf[bgZpby lj_[h\Zgbc \ qZklb wlZehggh-jZkq_lghc l_fi_jZlmju, fZdkbfZevghc l_fi_jZlmju ^\hcgh]h (j_a_j\gh]h) h[h]j_\Z b fZdkbfZevgh]h ij_^_evgh]h agZq_gby jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmju.
15 III. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb b hkh[_gghklb hij_^_e_gby ihdZaZl_e_c wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\ 3. K_ahggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (SEER), k_ahggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (SCOP), ghfbgZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby (EERrated ), ghfbgZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z (COPrated), ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby (PSB), ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby (POFF) b dhgkljmdlb\gu_ hkh[_gghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\ ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv lj_[h\Zgbyf, ijb\_^_gguf \ lZ[ebpZo 1 – 3. Lj_[h\Zgby d iZjZf_ljZf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\, djhf_ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\, mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky ^ey wlZehggh-jZkq_lguo mkeh\bc k bkihevah\Zgb_f (ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb) mkeh\bc kj_^g_]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ. Lj_[h\Zgby d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\ mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky ^ey klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\bc. LZ[ebpZ 1 Lj_[h\Zgby d fbgbfZevgh ^himklbfuf mjh\gyf wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ Jrated, d<l GWP oeZ^Z]_glZ dhg^bpbhg_ju, djhf_ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo h^ghdZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju ^\modZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju SEER SCOP ^ey kj_^g_]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ EERrated COPrated EERrated COPrated f_g__ 6 [he__ 150 4,60 3,80 2,60 2,04 2,60 2,60 g_ [he__ 150 4,14 3,42 2,34 1,84 2,34 2,34 6 ÷ 12 [he__ 150 4,30 3,80 2,60 2,04 2,60 2,60 g_ [he__ 150 3,87 3,42 2,34 1,84 2,34 2,34
16 LZ[ebpZ 2 Lj_[h\Zgby d fZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfhfm mjh\gx a\mdh\hc fhsghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ FZdkbfZevgh ^himklbfuc mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb, ^;(:) Jrated ≤ 6 d<l 6 d<l < Jrated ≤ 12 d<l \gmljb ihf_s_gby \g_ ihf_s_gby \gmljb ihf_s_gby \g_ ihf_s_gby 60 65 65 70 LZ[ebpZ 3 Lj_[h\Zgby d ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ j_`bfZo \udexq_gby b h`b^Zgby ^ey h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\ J_`bfu Lj_[h\Zgby J_`bf \udexq_gby ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ \udexq_gby g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 0,50 <l. J_`bf h`b^Zgby ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb, dh]^Z h[_ki_qb\Z_lky lhevdh \uiheg_gb_ nmgdpbb j_Zdlb\Zpbb k bg^bdZpb_c beb [_a bg^bdZpbb kihkh[ghklb (]hlh\ghklb) d j_Zdlb\Zpbb, g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 0,50 <l ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ khklhygbb, dh]^Z h[_ki_qb\Z_lky \uiheg_gb_ lhevdh nmgdpbb bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby eb[h \uiheg_gb_ nmgdpbb j_Zdlb\Zpbb \ khq_lZgbb k nmgdpb_c bgnhjfbjh\Zgby beb hlh[jZ`_gby khklhygby, g_ ^he`gZ ij_\urZlv 1,00 <l. GZebqb_ j_`bfZ h`b^Zgby b (beb) \udexq_gby aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\, dh]^Z wlh g_p_e_khh[jZagh ba-aZ hkh[_gghkl_c ij_^iheZ]Z_fh]h bkihevah\Zgby ih gZagZq_gbx, ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlvky \hafh`ghklv i_j_oh^Z ih^dexq_ggh]h d k_lb ijb[hjZ \ j_`bfu h`b^Zgby b (beb) \udexq_gby, b (beb) \ ^jm]hc j_`bf, \ dhlhjhf g_ ij_\urZxlky ij_^_evgu_ agZq_gby ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby b (beb) \udexq_gby. MijZ\e_gb_ j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby ijb[hj ^he`_g bf_lv nmgdpbx mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby, dhlhjZy ih bkl_q_gbb fbgbfZevgh]h \j_f_gb, ^hklZlhqgh]h ^ey ij_^iheZ]Z_fh]h bkihevah\Zgby ih gZagZq_gbx, Z\lhfZlbq_kdb i_j_\h^bl ih^dexq_gguc d k_lb ijb[hj \ j_`bf h`b^Zgby b (beb) \udexq_gby eb[h \ ^jm]hc j_`bf, ijb dhlhjhf
17 J_`bfu Lj_[h\Zgby g_ ij_\urZ_lky mjh\_gv wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby ^ey j_`bfh\ h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby, ijb mkeh\bb, qlh ijb[hj g_ \uihegy_l k\hb hkgh\gu_ nmgdpbb b ^jm]b_ wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsb_ ba^_eby g_ aZ\bkyl hl _]h jZ[hlu, aZ bkdexq_gb_f kemqZ_\ g_p_e_khh[jZaghklb ba-aZ hkh[_gghkl_c ij_^iheZ]Z_fh]h bkihevah\Zgby ih gZagZq_gbx. Nmgdpby mijZ\e_gby j_`bfhf we_dljhiblZgby ^he`gZ Zdlb\bjh\Zlvky ^h jZaf_s_gby ijb[hjZ gZ jugd_. 4. Ijb hij_^_e_gbb wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby b k_ahgghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ \ j_`bfZo hoeZ`^_gby SEER b h[h]j_\Z SCOP g_h[oh^bfh mqblu\Zlv: k_ahg hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) hlhibl_evgu_ k_ahgu l_fi_jZlmjgh- \j_f_gguo bgl_j\Zeh\ ([bgh\), ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 4; wlZehggh-jZkq_lgu_ mkeh\by, ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[ebp_ 5; wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ ^ey jZaebqguo j_`bfh\ jZ[hlu dhg^bpbhg_jh\, jZkkqblZggh_ kh]eZkgh \j_f_gb wdkiemZlZpbb, mklZgh\e_gghfm \ lZ[ebp_ 6; ihl_jx wnn_dlb\ghklb ba-aZ pbdeh\ \dexq_gby/\udexq_gby (_keb ijbf_gbfh) \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl \b^Z j_]mebjh\Zgby fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b/beb h[h]j_\Z; dhjj_dlbjh\dm k_ahggh h[mkeh\e_gguo dhwnnbpb_glh\ fhsghklb \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ijb mkeh\byo, \ dhlhjuo fhsghklb ^ey h[h]j_\Z g_ o\ZlZ_l ^ey h[_ki_q_gby g_h[oh^bfhc hlhibl_evghc gZ]jmadb; \deZ^ (^hey) j_a_j\gh]h h[h]j_\Z (_keb ijbf_gbfh) ijb jZkq_l_ k_ahgghc wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z.
18 LZ[ebpZ 4 L_fi_jZlmjgh-\j_f_ggu_ bgl_j\Zeu ([bgu) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b h[h]j_\Z (j – bg^_dk [bgZ, СУ – qZku \ l_q_gb_ ]h^Z ^ey dZ`^h]h [bgZ, Tj – l_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ ih kmohfm l_jfhf_ljm) K_ahg hoeZ`^_gby Hlhibl_evgu_ k_ahgu bg^_dk [bgZ, j Tj , °C hj , q/]h^ bg^_dk [bgZ, j Tj , °C hj , q/]h^ kj_^gbc l_ie__ oheh^g__ 1 17 205 1 ÷ 8 – 30 ÷ 23 0 0 0 2 18 227 9 – 22 0 0 1 3 19 225 10 – 21 0 0 6 4 20 225 11 – 20 0 0 13 5 21 216 12 – 19 0 0 17 6 22 215 13 – 18 0 0 19 7 23 218 14 – 17 0 0 26 8 24 197 15 – 16 0 0 39 9 25 178 16 – 15 0 0 41 10 26 158 17 14 0 0 35 11 27 137 18 13 0 0 52 12 28 109 19 12 0 0 37 13 29 88 20 11 0 0 41 14 30 63 21 10 1 0 43 15 31 39 22 9 25 0 54 16 32 31 23 8 23 0 90 17 33 24 24 7 24 0 125 18 34 17 25 6 27 0 169 19 35 13 26 5 68 0 195 20 36 9 27 4 91 0 278 21 37 4 28 3 89 0 306 22 38 3 29 2 165 0 454
19 K_ahg hoeZ`^_gby Hlhibl_evgu_ k_ahgu bg^_dk [bgZ, j Tj , °C hj , q/]h^ bg^_dk [bgZ, j Tj , °C hj , q/]h^ kj_^gbc l_ie__ oheh^g__ 23 39 1 30 1 173 0 385 24 40 0 31 0 240 0 490 BLH=H: 2 602 32 1 280 0 533 33 2 320 3 380 34 3 357 22 228 35 4 356 63 261 36 5 303 63 279 37 6 330 175 229 38 7 326 162 269 39 8 348 259 233 40 9 335 360 230 41 10 315 428 243 42 11 215 430 191 43 12 169 503 146 44 13 151 444 150 45 14 105 384 97 46 15 74 294 61 BLH=H: 4 910 3 590 6 446 LZ[ebpZ 5 ЭlZehggh-jZkq_lgu_ mkeh\by (l_fi_jZlmjZ ih kmohfm l_jfhf_ljm; \ kdh[dZo l_fi_jZlmjZ ih \eZ`ghfm l_jfhf_ljm) Nmgdpby / k_ahg L_fi_jZlmjZ \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb, ºC Tin L_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ, ºC TdesignC/TdesignH L_fi_jZlmjZ j_a_j\gh]h h[h]j_\Z, ºC Tbiv Ij_^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmju, ºC Tol HoeZ`^_gb_ 27 (19) TdesignC = 35 (24) - - H[h]j_\/ kj_^gbc 20 (15) TdesignH = 10 (11) fZdk. 2 fZdk. 7 H[h]j_\/ l_ie__ TdesignH = 2 (1) fZdk. 7 fZdk. 2 H[h]j_\/oheh^g__ TdesignH = 22 (23) fZdk. 7 fZdk. 15
20 Ijb jZkq_l_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) h[h]j_\Z ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ \h \k_o khhl\_lkl\mxsbo j_`bfZo jZ[hlu \ khhl\_lkl\bb k lZ[ebp_c 5 k mq_lhf \j_f_gb wdkiemZlZpbb ^ey dZ`^h]h j_`bfZ, ijb\_^_ggh]h \ lZ[ebp_ 6. GhfbgZevgZy k_ahggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby EERrated b, ijb g_h[oh^bfhklb, \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COPrated hij_^_ey_lky ^ey h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\ ijb klZg^Zjlguo ghfbgZevguo mkeh\byo, ijb\_^_gguo \ lZ[ebp_ 7. LZ[ebpZ 6 <j_fy wdkiemZlZpbb ^ey dZ`^h]h lbiZ dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b nmgdpbc, bkihevam_fuo ^ey jZkq_lZ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby Lbi dhg^bpbhg_jZ/ nmgdpby (ijb gZebqbb) ?^bg. baf_j. Hlhibl. k_ahg :dlb\guc j_`bf, HCE 1) b HHE 2) HTO 3) HSB 4) HOFF 5) HCK 6) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 I. Dhg^bpbhg_ju (aZ bkdexq_gb_f h^gh-b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\) J_`bf HCE, _keb bf__lky lhevdh HCE q/]h^ 350 221 2142 5088 7760 J_`bfu HCE b HHE (ijb gZebqbb) ) HCE q/]h^ 350 221 2142 0 2672 HHE q/]h^ kj_^gbc 1400 179 0 0 179 l_ie__ 1400 755 0 0 755 oheh^g__ 2100 131 0 0 131 J_`bf HHE, _keb bf__lky lhevdh nmgdpby h[h]j_\Z q/]h^ kj_^gbc 1400 179 0 3672 3851 l_ie__ 1400 755 0 4345 4476 oheh^g__ 2100 131 0 2189 2944 II. >\modZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju J_`bf HCE, _keb bf__lky lhevdh HCE q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – – J_`bfu HCE b HHE (ijb gZebqbb) HCE q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – – HHE q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – – J_`bf HHE, _keb bf__lky lhevdh HHE q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – –
21 Lbi dhg^bpbhg_jZ/ nmgdpby (ijb gZebqbb) ?^bg. baf_j. Hlhibl. k_ahg :dlb\guc j_`bf, HCE 1) b HHE 2) HTO 3) HSB 4) HOFF 5) HCK 6) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 III. H^ghdZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju J_`bf hoeZ`^_gby q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – – J_`bf h[h]j_\Z q/ 60 fbg 1 – – – – ______________________ 1) – J_`bf hoeZ`^_gby. 2) – J_`bf h[h]j_\Z; 3) – J_`bf h`b^Zgby. 4) – J_`bf \udexq_gby. 5) – J_`bf k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf. 6) – J_`bf k dZjl_jguf ih^h]j_\hf. LZ[ebpZ 7 KlZg^Zjlgu_ ghfbgZevgu_ mkeh\by (l_fi_jZlmjZ ih kmohfm l_jfhf_ljm, \ kdh[dZo l_fi_jZlmjZ ih \eZ`ghfm l_jfhf_ljm) Ijb[hj Nmgdpby L_fi_jZlmjZ \ha^moZ \ ihf_s_gbb, ºC L_fi_jZlmjZ gZjm`gh]h \ha^moZ, ºC Dhg^bpbhg_ju \ha^moZ, (aZ bkdexq_gb_f h^ghdZgZevguo) hoeZ`^_gb_ 27 (19) 35 (24) h[h]j_\ 20 (fZdk. 15) 7(6) H^ghdZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju hoeZ`^_gb_ 35 (24)* 35 (24)* h[h]j_\ 20 (12)* 20 (12)* ____________ * < h^ghdZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jZo dhg^_gkZlhj beb bkiZjbl_ev (ijb hoeZ`^_gbb beb h[h]j_\_ khhl\_lkl\_ggh) h[^m\Z_lky g_ gZjm`guf \ha^mohf, Z \ha^mohf ba ihf_s_gby Эg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \_glbeylhjh\ hij_^_ey_lky gZ hkgh\_ hlghr_gby ghfbgZevgh]h ihlhdZ \ha^moZ, kha^Z\Z_fh]h \_glbeylhjhf, d ghfbgZevghc ihlj_[ey_fhc fhsghklb. 5. ЭdkiemZlZpbhggu_ ^hdmf_glu, ijbeZ]Z_fu_ d dhg^bpbhg_jZf b \_glbeylhjZf, ^he`gu kh^_j`Zlv k\_^_gby h[ bo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo b iZjZf_ljZo, ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[ebpZo 8 – 10.
22 LZ[ebpZ 8 BgnhjfZpby h \_glbeylhjZo, ih^e_`ZsZy mdZaZgbx \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl gZebqby nmgdpbc IZjZf_lj H[hagZq_gb_ AgZq_gb_ ?^bgbpu baf_j_gby FZdkbfZevguc ihlhd \ha^moZ F x,x f 3 /fbg Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv P x,x <l ЭdkiemZlZpbhgguc ihdZaZl_ev SV x,x (f 3 /fbg)/<l Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby PSB x,x <l Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb \_glbeylhjZ LWA (x) ^;(A) FZdkbfZevgZy kdhjhklv \ha^mrgh]h ihlhdZ c x,x f/k ____________ *dhebq_kl\h ^_kylbqguo agZdh\ «o» \ yq_cdZo lZ[ebpu khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[m_fhc lhqghklb ^Zgguo LZ[ebpZ 9 BgnhjfZpby h dhg^bpbhg_jZo, ih^e_`ZsZy mdZaZgbx \ wdkiemZlZpbhgguo ^hdmf_glZo (aZ bkdexq_gb_f h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\) NMGDЦBY (ijb hlkmlkl\bb mdZau\Z_lky «g_l») >EY NMGDЦBB H;H=J?<: (ijb gZebqbb, kj_^gbc j_`bf h[yaZl_e_g) iZjZf_lj kbf\. agZq_gb_ _^.baf. iZjZf_lj kbf\he agZq_gb_ _^.baf. Ijh_dlgZy (ghfbgZevgZy) fhsghklv K_ahggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv hoeZ`^_gb_ PНОsТРnK x,x d<l hoeZ`^_gb_ SEER x,x – h[h]j_\/kj_^gbc PНОsТРnG x,x d<l h[h]j_\/kj_^gbc SCOPkj_^g. x,x – h[h]j_\/l_ie__ PНОsТРnG x,x d<l h[h]j_\/l_ie__ SCOPl_ie. x,x – h[h]j_\/oheh^g__ PНОsТРnG x,x d<l h[h]j_\/oheh^g__ SCOPohe. x,x – AZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv (*) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ijb Tin = 27(19) ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj AZy\e_ggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv (*) \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby ijb Tin = 27(19) ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj Tj = 35 ºC Pdc x,x d<l Tj = 35 ºC EERd x,x – Tj j = 30 ºC Pdc x,x d<l Tj j = 30 ºC EERd x,x – Tj = 25 ºC Pdc x,x d<l Tj = 25 ºC EERd x,x – Tj = 20 ºC Pdc x,x d<l Tj = 20 ºC EERd x,x – AZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv (*) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey kj_^g_]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj AZy\e_ggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey kj_^g_]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj
23 NMGDЦBY (ijb hlkmlkl\bb mdZau\Z_lky «g_l») >EY NMGDЦBB H;H=J?<: (ijb gZebqbb, kj_^gbc j_`bf h[yaZl_e_g) iZjZf_lj kbf\. agZq_gb_ _^.baf. iZjZf_lj kbf\he agZq_gb_ _^.baf. Tj = -7 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = -7 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 2 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 2 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 7 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 7 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 12 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 12 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = Tbiv Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tbiv COPd x,x – Tj = Tol Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tol COPd x,x – AZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv (*) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey [he__ l_ieh]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ (l_ie__) ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj AZy\e_ggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey [he__ l_ieh]h hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ (l_ie__) ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj Tj = 2ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 2ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 7ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 7ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 12 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 12 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = Tbiv Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tbiv COPd x,x – Tj = Tol Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tol COPd x,x – AZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv (*) \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ «oheh^g__» ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo.Tj AZy\e_ggZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z ^ey hlhibl_evgh]h k_ahgZ «oheh^g__» ijb Tin = 20 ºC ^ey ke_^mxsbo Tj Tj = -7 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = -7 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 2 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 2 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 7 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 7 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = 12 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = 12 ºC COPd x,x – Tj = Tbiv Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tbiv COPd x,x – Tj = Tol Pdh x,x d<l Tj = Tol COPd x,x – Tj = -15 ºC Pdh x,x d<l Tj = -15 ºC COPd x,x – L_fi_jZlmjZ ^\hcgh]h (j_a_j\h]h) h[h]j_\Z Tbiv Ij_^_evgh_ agZq_gb_ jZ[hq_c l_fi_jZlmju Tol h[h]j_\/kj_^gbc Tbiv x ºC h[h]j_\/kj_^gbc Tol x ºC h[h]j_\/l_ie__ Tbiv x ºC h[h]j_\/l_ie__ Tol x ºC h[h]j_\/oheh^g__ Tbiv x ºC h[h]j_\/oheh^g__ Tol x ºC Fhsghklv ijb pbdebq_kdhf (ij_ju\bklhf) j_`bf_ jZ[hlu Эg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv ijb pbdebq_kdhf (ij_ju\bklhf) j_`bf_ jZ[hlu < j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby PМвМK x,x d<l < j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby EERcyc x,x – < j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z PcycH x,x d<l < j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COPcyc x,x – Dhwnnbp. ihl_jb wnn_dlb\ghklb hoeZ`^_gby. Cdc x,x – Dhwnnbp. ihl_jb wnn_dlb\ghklb h[h]j_\Z Cdh x,x –
24 NMGDЦBY (ijb hlkmlkl\bb mdZau\Z_lky «g_l») >EY NMGDЦBB H;H=J?<: (ijb gZebqbb, kj_^gbc j_`bf h[yaZl_e_g) iZjZf_lj kbf\. agZq_gb_ _^.baf. iZjZf_lj kbf\he agZq_gb_ _^.baf. Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ bguo j_`bfZo, hlebqguo hl Zdlb\gh]h j_`bfZ =h^h\h_ wg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ J_`bf \udexq_gby POFF x,x d<l hoeZ`^_gb_ QCE x d<l∙q/ ]h^ J_`bf h`b^Zgby PSB x,x d<l h[h]j_\/kj_^gbc QHE x d<l∙q/ ]h^ J_`bf k \udexq. l_jfhklZlhf PTO x,x d<l h[h]j_\/l_ie__ QHE x J_`bf k dZjl_jg. h[h]j_\hf PCK x,x d<l h[h]j_\/oheh^g__ QHE o d<l∙q/ ]h^ J_]mebjh\Zgb_ fhsghklb (mdZau\Z_lky h^gh ba lj_o) Ijhq__ Nbdkbjh\Zggh_ _klv / g_l Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb (***) LWA x,x/x,x ^;A Klmi_gqZlh_ _klv / g_l Ihl_gpbZe ]eh[Zevgh]h ihl_ie_gby GWP x d] CO2 J_]mebjm_fh_ _klv / g_l GhfbgZevguc ihlhd \ha^moZ - x/x f 3 /q __________ Ijbf_qZgb_. Dhebq_kl\h ^_kylbqguo agZdh\ «o» \ yq_cdZo lZ[ebpu khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[m_fhc lhqghklb ^Zgguo. * >ey ijb[hjh\ kh klmi_gqZluf j_]mebjh\Zgb_f fhsghklb \ dZ`^hc ]jZn_ jZa^_eZ «AZy\e_ggZy fhsghklv» b «AZy\e_ggZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv» ke_^m_l mdZau\Zlv agZq_gby EER b (beb) COP, jZa^_e_ggu_ ihkj_^kl\hf agZdZ «/» ^ey dZ`^hc ba ^\mo klmi_g_c j_]mebjh\Zgby fhsghklb. ** ?keb ih mfheqZgbx \u[bjZ_lky Cd = 0,25, lh ijh\_^_gb_ bkiulZgbc \ pbdebq_kdhf j_`bf_ (b bo j_amevlZlu) g_ lj_[m_lky. < bghf kemqZ_ lj_[m_lky mdZaZgb_ agZq_gby ^ey pbdebq_kdh]h bkiulZgby \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b (beb) h[h]j_\Z. *** Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb \gmljb/kgZjm`b.
25 LZ[ebpZ 10 BgnhjfZpby h[ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jZo (\ aZ\bkbfhklb hl gZebqby nmgdpbc) IZjZf_lj H[hagZq_gb_ AgZq_gb_ iZjZf_ljZ ?^bgbpu baf_j_gby GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby Prated \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby x,x d<l GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z Prated \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z x,x d<l GhfbgZevgZy \oh^gZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby PEER x,x d<l GhfbgZevgZy \oh^gZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z PCOP x,x d<l GhfbgZevgZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby EERd x,x – GhfbgZevgZy wg_j]hwnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bf_ h[h]j_\Z COPd x,x – Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ k \udexq_gguf l_jfhj_]meylhjhf PTO x,x <l Ihlj_[ey_fZy fhsghklv \ j_`bf_ h`b^Zgby PSB x,x <l Эg_j]hihlj_[e_gb_ h^gh- b ^\modZgZevguo (SD b DD) dhg^bpbhg_jh\ \ j_`bf_ hoeZ`^_gby b h[h]j_\Z ^ey DD: QDD ^ey SD: QSD ^ey DD: x ^ey SD: xx ^ey DD: d<l∙q/]h^ ^ey SD: d<l∙q/q Mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb LWA x ^;(A) Ihl_gpbZe ]eh[Zevgh]h ihl_ie_gby GWP x d] CO2 H^ghdZgZevgu_ dhg^bpbhg_ju fZjdbjmxlky dZd «dhg^bpbhg_ju \ha^moZ ehdZevgh]h jZaf_s_gby». 6. ?keb bgnhjfZpby ^ey hij_^_e_gghc fh^_eb dhg^bpbhg_jZ \ha^moZ, khklhys_c ba dhf[bgZpbb \gmlj_gg_]h b \g_rg_]h [ehdh\, [ueZ ihemq_gZ iml_f jZkq_lh\ gZ hkgh\_ dhgkljmdlb\gh]h lbiZ b (beb) wdkljZiheypbb ^jm]bo dhf[bgZpbc, lh \ dhfie_dl ^hdmf_glh\, mdZaZgguc \ ih^imgdl_ «Z» imgdlZ 23 l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ ?\jZabckdh]h wdhghfbq_kdh]h
26 khxaZ «H lj_[h\Zgbyo d wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb wg_j]hihlj_[eyxsbo mkljhckl\» (LJ ?:ЭK /20 ) (^Ze__ – l_ogbq_kdbc j_]eZf_gl) ^hihegbl_evgh ^he`gu [ulv \dexq_gu ^_lZevgu_ k\_^_gby h jZkq_lZo b (beb) wdkljZiheypbyo, Z lZd`_ ijhlhdheu bkiulZgbc ih ijh\_jd_ ijZ\bevghklb jZkq_lh\ (lhqgu_ ^Zggu_ d fZl_fZlbq_kdhc fh^_eb jZkq_lZ fhsghklb lZdbo dhf[bgZpbc b ^ey baf_j_gbc, ijh\h^bfuo ^ey ijh\_jdb ijZ\bevghklb ^Zgghc fh^_eb). IV. >himklbfu_ hldehg_gby iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ b \_glbeylhjh\ ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) ihke_ bo \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ 7. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) iZjZf_ljh\ wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb dhg^bpbhg_jh\ ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 wda_fieyj dhg^bpbhg_jZ. Fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f h^gh- b ^\mdZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\, kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggh_ \ j_amevlZl_ baf_j_gbc agZq_gb_ k_ahgghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bfZo hoeZ`^_gby SEER b (beb) h[h]j_\Z SCOP (ijb gZebqbb), g_ f_gvr_, q_f aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f agZq_gb_ ijb mdZaZgghc fhsghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ aZ \uq_lhf 8 %. Fh^_ev h^gh- b ^\mdZgZevgh]h dhg^bpbhg_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggu_ \ j_amevlZl_ baf_j_gbc agZq_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby g_ ij_\urZxl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ mjh\gb [he__ q_f gZ 10 %, b _keb ghfbgZevgZy wg_j]_lbq_kdZy wnn_dlb\ghklv \ j_`bfZo hoeZ`^_gby EERrated b (beb) h[h]j_\Z COPrated (ijb gZebqbb), g_ f_gvr_, q_f aZy\e_ggu_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f agZq_gby aZ \uq_lhf 10 %.
27 Fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb fZdkbfZevguc mjh\_gv a\mdh\hc fhsghklb ij_\urZ_l aZy\e_ggh_ agZq_gb_ g_ [he__ q_f gZ 2 ^;(A). 8. ?keb j_amevlZl, mdZaZgguc \ imgdl_ 7 gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, g_ ^hklb]gml, lh ijh\_jyxl 3 kemqZcgh \u[jZgguo h[jZapZ ^Zgghc fh^_eb dhg^bpbhg_jZ. Fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ, aZ bkdexq_gb_f h^gh- b ^\mdZgZevguo dhg^bpbhg_jh\, kqblZ_lky hl\_qZxs_c khhl\_lkl\mxsbf gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ ih 3 bkiulZgguf h[jZapZf agZq_gb_ k_ahgghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bfZo hoeZ`^_gby SEER b h[h]j_\Z SCOP (ijb gZebqbb), g_ f_gvr_, q_f aZy\e_ggh_ agZq_gb_ ijb mdZaZgghc fhsghklb dhg^bpbhg_jZ aZ \uq_lhf 8 %. < bguo kemqZyo fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. Fh^_ev h^gh- b ^\mdZgZevgh]h dhg^bpbhg_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^gb_ ih 3 bkiulZgguf h[jZapZf agZq_gby wg_j]hihlj_[e_gby \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby b \udexq_gby g_ ij_\urZxl ij_^_evgh ^himklbfu_ agZq_gby [he__ q_f gZ 10 % b, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ ghfbgZevghc wg_j]_lbq_kdhc wnn_dlb\ghklb \ j_`bfZo hoeZ`^_gby EERrated b h[h]j_\Z COPrated (ijb gZebqbb), g_ f_gvr_, q_f aZy\e_ggu_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f agZq_gby aZ \uq_lhf 10 %. < bguo kemqZyo fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. Fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ fZdkbfZevgh]h mjh\gy a\mdh\hc fhsghklb 3 bkiulZgguo h[jZaph\ ij_\urZ_l aZy\e_ggh_ ba]hlh\bl_e_f agZq_gb_ g_ [he__ q_f gZ 2 ^;(A).
28 < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev dhg^bpbhg_jZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. 9. Ijb ijh\_^_gbb bkiulZgbc (baf_j_gbc) \_glbeylhjh\ ihke_ \uimkdZ \ h[jZs_gb_ ^he`_g [ulv bkiulZg 1 wda_fieyj \_glbeylhjZ. Fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb ihemq_ggu_ \ j_amevlZl_ baf_j_gbc agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ b oZjZdl_jbklbd h[jZapZ \_glbeylhjZ, mdZaZgguo \ lZ[ebp_ 3 gZklhysbo Lj_[h\Zgbc, g_ hlebqZxlky hl aZy\e_gguo ba]hlh\bl_e_f ghfbgZevguo agZq_gbc [he__ q_f, gZ 15 %. < bguo kemqZyo ijh\_jyxlky _s_ 3 h[jZapZ \_glbeylhjZ. Fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ kqblZ_lky khhl\_lkl\mxs_c gZklhysbf Lj_[h\Zgbyf, _keb kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ j_amevlZlh\ baf_j_gbc wlbo 3 h[jZaph\ khhl\_lkl\m_l lj_[h\Zgbyf, mdZaZgguf \ ij_^u^ms_f Z[aZp_ \lhjhf gZklhys_]h imgdlZ. < bguo kemqZyo ^Zggmx fh^_ev \_glbeylhjZ ke_^m_l jZkkfZljb\Zlv dZd g_ khhl\_lkl\mxsmx lj_[h\Zgbyf l_ogbq_kdh]h j_]eZf_glZ. ____________